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The document covers the concept of simple molecules and covalent bonds, focusing on the sharing of electrons between nonmetals to form covalent compounds. It explains different types of covalent bonds (single, double, and triple) and their properties, including low melting and boiling points due to weak intermolecular forces. Additionally, it discusses the electrical conductivity of molecular compounds and includes group tasks for drawing dot and cross structures of various molecules.

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10 views33 pages

ReactNativeBlobUtilTmp Tyw48g3wavaco9ck2pingh Copy

The document covers the concept of simple molecules and covalent bonds, focusing on the sharing of electrons between nonmetals to form covalent compounds. It explains different types of covalent bonds (single, double, and triple) and their properties, including low melting and boiling points due to weak intermolecular forces. Additionally, it discusses the electrical conductivity of molecular compounds and includes group tasks for drawing dot and cross structures of various molecules.

Uploaded by

riteshneel2
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Simple molecules and covalent bonds

Year-9 CHEMISTRY
Simple molecules
and covalent
bonds
Learning objectives:
SUCCESS CRITERIA

 I can define a  I can explain the  I can predict the  I can draw the dot
covalent Bond. formation of a properties of Covalent and cross structure of
Covalent Bond? Compounds. a Covalent Compound
Molecular Compounds

Now, you will learn about another type of


bond in which electrons are shared
Covalent Bonds are atoms held together by
SHARING electrons between NONMETALS
Monatomic vs. Diatomic Molecules
Most molecules can be monatomic or diatomic
Diatomic Molecule is a molecule consisting
of two atoms
There are 7 diatomic molecules (SUPER 7) –
N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, H2

You can also remember


them as:
H2O2F2Br2I2N2Cl2
Covalent Bonding
Remember that ionic compounds transfer
electrons in order to attain a noble gas
electron configuration

Covalent compounds form by sharing


electrons to attain a noble gas electron
configuration
Regardless of the type of bond, the Octet Rule
still must be obeyed (8 valence electrons)
Single Covalent Bond

A Single Covalent Bond consists of two atoms


held together by sharing 1 pair of electrons (2 e-)
Double Covalent Bonds

Sometimes atoms attain noble gas configuration


by sharing 2 or 3 pairs of electrons
A Double Covalent Bond is a bond that
involves 2 shared pairs of electrons (4 e-)
Triple Covalent Bond
A Triple Covalent Bond is a bond that
involves 3 shared pairs of electrons (6 e-)
Covalent Bonds
LO: Describe the formation of covalent bonds and draw the dot and cross structure.

Number of electron=1
LO: Describe the formation of covalent bonds and draw the dot and cross structure.

Number of electrons= 7
LO: Describe the formation of covalent bonds and draw the dot and cross structure.

H- Number of electrons=
1
Cl- Number of electrons=
7
Ethene(C2H2)
CH3-OH Methanol
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Linking bonding and properties
• Small molecules have covalent bonds joining the atoms
together, but intermolecular forces that act between
neighbouring molecules.
• They have low melting and boiling points as there are only
weak intermolecular forces acting between the
molecules.
• These forces are very weak when compared to the covalent
bonds and so most small molecules are either gases or
liquids at room temperature.
• As the molecules increase in size, the intermolecular
forces also increase as there are more electrons available.
This causes the melting and boiling points to increase
Electrical Conductivity
• Molecular compounds are poor conductors of electricity as there are no
free ions or electrons to carry the charge.
• Most covalent compounds do not conduct at all in the solid state and are
thus insulators.
• Common insulators include the plastic coating around household electrical
wiring, rubber and wood
QUICK ANSWERS…
• Why do atoms form ions?
• How an atom can form a Cation?
• What do you think makes a difference between an Ionic bond and a covalent bond?
• Why do non- metal atoms can not form a Cation?
• How will you identify a Covalent compound from its Chemical Formula?
• Why do some atoms will tend to form a Double covalent bond?
Group Task

Group 1: Draw the dot and cross structure of Cl2 and F2


Group 2: Draw the dot and cross structure of HCl and H2O
Group 3: Draw the dot and cross structure of CH4, NH3
Mini-Plenary
Mini-Plenary
Mini-Plenary
Mini-Plenary
Task-1
Task-2
i)

ii)

iii)
Task-3
Group Tasks

Group-1: Draw the dot and cross structure of the following molecules: (only outer shell
need to show). Write the total number of electrons shared in both molecules.
a) F2
b) O2
Group-2 :
Group Tasks

Group-3:The diagrams show the electron arrangements in the atoms of four elements.
Which element does not form a covalent bond? Explain your answer.

Extension: (i) Compare ionic bonding and covalent bonding with one example each.
(ii)Research one advantage and one limitation of using a dot and cross
diagram to represent a molecule.
Plenary:
Plenary of plate
Plenary:
Plenary:
Homework:

• SAM learning
• Research on the covalent bonding in carbon
compounds.

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