A PROJECT REPORT ON-

Hand loom
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of

DIPLOMA

IN
TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY
Submitted By
Mohd. MUSTAK E21271935100038
DIVYANSHU SHARMA E21271935100002
SUMIT PAL E21271935100040
DEVANAND E21271935100034

Under The Guidance Of

PROJECT GUIDE PROJECT CO-GUIDE
Mr. Maneesh Kumar Mr. Alok Kumar
(LECTURER TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY) (LECTURER TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY)

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ALIYA SITAPUR

AFFILIATED TO (BTEUP)
 CERTIFICATE

This is certified that Mr. DEVANAND is the confide work carried out by of Government
Polytechnic Aliya Sitapur during the year 2024 in the partial fulfilment of the requirement for
the award of the Diploma in Textile Technology from Board of Technical Education Lucknow
Uttar Pradesh.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me great pleasure to express my gratitude and heart full thanks to all those who are
helping me in complete this project. I want to thank to MR. MANEESH KUMAR AND MR. ALOK
KUMAR, who has always encouraged and help me in making this project. In addition to this, I
am grateful to other faculties who made me in right direction and gave me in right direction
and gave me their precious time and expert guidance whenever necessary through which I
could achieve this extent. At last but not the least I am feeling glad to say about my family
whose wishes are always with me, without which it was not possible for me to reach this
extent. I hope my work is praised and my efforts render fruitful result.

THANK YOU
Signature;
Name
 PART- A

HAND LOOM
 CONTENTS

Contents Page No.

Basic textile terms 3

Weaving 3

What is Handloom. 4

Sequence of operations in weaving 5

Identification of parts 6

Important Parts of Hand Loom 7

Motions of loom 10

Methodology 11

Result 12

Conclusion 13
1. BASIC TEXTILES TERMS:

 Yarn: A continuous strand of fibers/filament, twisted /non twisted, it is basic raw

material for weaving.

 Type of Yarns: single yarn, double or multi fold yarn, spun yarn & filament yarn
etc.

 Yarn count:
 Yarn count is the numerical expression of yarn, which defines its fineness or
coarseness. (Linear density).  Yarn count system:
 Indirect system: English count (Ne), Worsted Count etc.
 i.e. Higher the yarn number, finer the yarn.
 Direct System: Tex, Denier
 i.e. Higher the yarn number , Coarser the yarn.
 Note: English (Ne) count system is commonly followed India.  English Count: No.
of Hanks of length 840 yds weighing in 1 pound  1yds: 0.9144mtrs  1lbs: 0.453
Kgs.

 e.g. 40s Ne = 40 hanks of 840 yds weighs 1 lbs.

 20s Ne = 20 hanks of 840 yds weighs 1 lbs.

2. WEAVING:

 Weaving is a process of fabric production in which two distinct sets of yarns are
interlaced at right angles to each other to form a fabric or cloth.

 The lengthwise yarns are called the warp yarn and the widthwise yarns are called the
weft yarn.

 Selvedge: The length wise running edges of woven fabric are known as selvedges.
It prevents unraveling of warp yarns.
 3.What is HANDLOOM

Hand loom
1. A hand loom is a simple machine used for weaving. In a wooden vertical-shaft looms, the heddles are fixed
in place in the shaft. This loom is powered by hand. The warp threads pass alternately through a heddle,
and through a space between the heddles (the shed), so that raising the shaft raises half the threads
(those passing through the heddles), and lowering the shaft lowers the same threads—the threads passing
through the spaces between the heddles remain in place.

2. It is a manual operating system.

3. Shedding is done by pressing the treadles pedal and picking and beating is done manually.
4. Hand looms yield less production compared to power loom.
5. It can be operated at slow speed only compared to high speed of power looms.
6. Initial investment is very low compared to power loom.

Basically there are two types of handloom:

1. Frame loom
2. Pit loom
These could be further divided in to fly shuttle and throw shuttle looms.

3. Frame loom
4. Pit loom
These could be further divided in to fly shuttle and throw shuttle looms.
4.SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS IN WEAVING (HAND LOOM):

Sizing

Denting
 5.IDENTIFICATION OF HAND LOOM PARTS:

Frame Loom

6.MPORTANT PARTS OF HAND LOOMS:

Warp Roller: The warp roller which consists of the lengthwise yarns is located at the back of the loom
& it releases the warp yarn to the weaving area of the loom as needed.

Handle: The handle is provided on the warp roller to tighten or loosen the warp sheet which ultimately
changes the tightness factor of the fabric.

Back Beam: To maintain the constant tension and proper angle to the warp sheet.
Heddles: it is a frame to hold the heald wires.
Heald wire is a wire with a hole or eye in its
centre through which a warp yarn is threaded. In
some cases heald wires made out of cotton or
synthetic yarn are also used.

on a bobbin (pirn) which sets into a shuttle. As

the shuttle passes back and forth through the

warp shed, it releases weft yarn from the pirn.

Beater: This is inevitably a combination made up of

metallic wires set vertically in a frame. The spaces between
the wires are known as dents. There is a beater which has a
Reed frame
Bobbin and Shuttle: The weft yarn wound mounted on it. The
weaver holds the beater and gives beater a to and fro motion
for beating the last pick to the fell of the cloth.

Beater
7.MOTIONS OF LOOM:

Primary motions:
Shedding motion:
Shedding separates the warp yarns into two
layers for the insertion of a pick. The
function of shedding mechanism is to raise &
lower the heddles. Which carry a group warp
ends drawn through heald eye. There are
different kinds of shedding mechanism like
Tappet, Jacquard etc.

Picking motion:
Picking motion inserts a pick (weft) from one side
to the other side of the fabric.

In Hand looms, pick is inserted with the help of a

shuttle through the shed opened by the
shedding mechanism.

i.e. between the two layers of warp shed.

Beating-up:
The function of beat up mechanism is to push
the weft thread that has been inserted across
the warp threads in a shed, up to the fell of
cloth. Fell of the cloth is the position of the last
pick in cloth woven on the loom. The beating up
of the weft to the fell of cloth is carried out by
the beater.
Methodology
Used Material-
Wooden spoon
Pin
Wood
Yarn
Wooden roller
Fevicol

Methodology- Assemble all the parts in sequence to complete the model of handloom.

Result
By above methodology all the part assembled a sequence the lab model of handloom is
created.
 PART- B
VILLAGE SURVEY
INTRODUCTION:
During village survey the information about the village is gathered. It shows the real condition of
village with respect to economical, social & political condition of that village. Various data were
taken & studied to trace out condition that village.
Even now 50% of our population lives in village. The main source of income if from
Agriculture.
It is thus people related to privet job all field.
About Village: Following data were collected during village survey.
Location: Near NH27 highway to west near town HARGAON is around 7 km. ❖
Name of Village : Udanapur Koraiya

❖ Tehsil : Hargao

❖ Police Station : Hargaon

Gram Panchayat : Udanapur Koraiya

❖ Village Pradhan : Mr. Shaheed

Population:
We have informed by the Pradhan that the total population of village in around 400. 75%
population under middle line. 25% population living under poor line.
Economical condition & facilities available
As per the economical & civilization study standards of living of people in this village is not
satisfactory. Village has proper approach with main road. Village us basic facilities like
drinking water though a no. of tube well, electricity supply & drainage system. Facilities: ❖
Government Hand Pump: 07

❖ Usable Well: 04

❖ Cemented House: All

❖ Primary Health Center: These are no facility of primary health center in the village.

❖ Anganbadi Center: The village have one angambadi center.

❖ Primary Education: There is one primary school & one pre- secondary school in this village.
❖ Post Office: There is no post office in this village.

Other facilities:
❖ Most of the houses have electricity connection.

❖ Almost all the house has television.

❖ Total no. of two wheelers in the village around 95.

❖ People engaged in government job around 30.

❖ People engaged in self-occupied business around 20.

❖ Four wheeler in the village 14.

❖ People engaged in private job around 70.

❖ People department on agricultural income 85%.

❖ People evolve in milk selling & related business 5%.

❖ People doing the work of daily wages labor 5%.

❖ Total unemployed population around 20.

Education qualification of the population in village

1. Graduates: 55%

2. Ungraduates: 32%

3. Technician: 2%

Main corps of the village is wheat, rice, sugarcane, mustard & seasonal vegetables.
Welfare Scheme
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act: An economical support given
by the government for the village development & engagement of labor of village for this work.
The housing facility is also providing to those under living poverty line.
Reason for the selection this village for our project: This village is quite near to Hargaon it
has an easy approach by means of public & private transportation system. We also took help of
Gram Pradhan from that village who helped us to collect the accurate data for our project map.
Rural Extension: Most of our population stays in the village therefore it is very necessary to
civilize & develop the village in order to make our country more prosper.
It is very necessary to study the condition of these villages by survey. The hindrances for
development are appended as order.

❖ Literacy

❖ Deficiency of right direction & leadership

❖ Lake of educational institutions

❖ Lake of cottage industries

❖ Lake a proper infrastructure

❖ Lake of primary health care & medical facilities

❖ Take of electricity

❖ Entertainment

For solving these rural problems, it is very necessary to let the people be educated about these
problems. Infrastructure of the village should be improved facilities of road; electricity & mode
of communication is main theme for infrastructure development. Various project can be started
which could also provide employment to the villagers & thus improve their economical
condition.
For the enlistment of village, it is necessary to provide them technical knowledge, it is very
helpful in modern agriculture population is one of the prominent problems of our country. It’s
very necessary to educate the people about its side effect on road or literacy unemployment &
poverty.
Administrative Structure
Local Administration: As per out construction problems related to out locality is
primarily being care of by local administration. Every citizen should participate in this.
Local administration is mainly consisting of- ❖ Gram Panchayat

❖ District Board

❖ Municipal Corporation

❖ Gram Panchayat: For the uplifment of the village gram samaj is formed. The village having
29 or population its gram samaj with the help of Gram Pradhan. a) To make a development
program for village.

b) Formation of Gram Samiti under gram samaj.

c) Providing help in judicial matters on local disputes in village.

❖ Nyay Panchayat: Municipality of Gram Sabha is called Nyay Panchayat. It has 5

members who are elected directly by the Nyay Panchayat. a) Member should be honest,
social & truthful.

b) They should be educated.

Work of Nyay Panchayat: Members are elected for the judgement of the disputes.
a) Panchayat Inspector

b) Panchayat Officer

c) Panchayat Director

Vikas Khand: A tehsil has many blocks, which contains many villages under it. It has definite
objective to provide development in the village. A block has around 100+ villages having
population of 3.5 lac to 5 lac.
Block Development Officer:
❖ To amend program for village development.

❖ To build roads, schools, hand pump & well.

❖ Make arrangements for advance agriculture equipment & improved seeds.

❖ To establish medical centers.

Tehsil: It is the smallest unit of administration. It has one chief the main source of income is
the land revenue collection is done by associate officer. ● Right & duties of Tehsildar.
● To collect the revenue.

Lekhpal: It is the junior most employee of administration. He is directly connected to villagers.

❖ To have a recorded of land

❖ Collection revenue

❖ Providing relief aids in case of natural calamities

Municipality: Municipality came into existence in 1887 in India are responsible for
development of city. It has then 10000 members. Their right & duties are as flow. ❖ Facility of
drinking water & electricity

❖ Facility for child education

Environmental Pollution: Unwanted & harmful substances that effect the chemical &
biological characteristics of air, water & soil in a negative way called environmental pollution.

Causes: Animal waste, human waste, pesticides, industrial waste. Chemical garbage dead odes
decomposition of animal & biological pollution. ● Air Pollution

● Water Pollution

● Soil Pollution

● Radioactive Pollution

Noise Pollution: Excess noise in the surrounding cause by flight landing, loudspeaker, horn of
vehicles.
Factories etc. is very disturbing for human beings. This noise may also cause – testing lack of
efficiency reduce hearing capacity high blood pressure naturalization etc. The noise above 90
db is avoid in the city. Remedies:
❖ We should not use loudspeakers at high volume.

❖ The horn should not be used unnecessarily.

❖ The extra noise in factory should be sound resisted.

❖ The design of building should be sound resisted.

❖ The residential area should be far from noisy place.