CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

EXP NO:
8051 Assembly Language program using Keil simulator
DATE

AIM:
To write 8051 Assembly Language Program for an 8-bit addition using Keil
simulator and execute it.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

S.No Software Requirements Quantity

1 Keil μvision5 IDE 1

INTRODUCTION TO 8051 SIMULATORS:

A simulator is software that will execute the program and show the results exactly
to the program running on the hardware, if the programmer finds any errors in the
program while simulating the program in the simulator, he can change the program and re
-simulate the code and get the expected result, before going to the hardware testing. The
programmer can confidently dump the program in the hardware when he simulates his
program in the simulator and gets the expected results.
8051 controller is a most popular 8-bit controller which is used in a large number of
embedded applications and many programmers write programs according to their
application. So testing their programs in the software simulators is a way. Simulators will
help the programmer to understand the errors easily and the time taken for the testing is
also decreased.
These simulators are very useful for students because they do need not to build
the complete hardware for testing their program and validate their program very easily in
an interactive way.

List of 8051 Simulators:

The list of simulators is given below with their features:
1. MCU 8051: MCU 8051 is an 8051 simulator that is very simple to use and has an
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

interactive IDE (Integrated Development Environment). It is developed by Martin

Osmera and most important of all is that it is completely free. There are many features
for this IDE they are
✓ It supports both C and assembly language for compilation and simulation
✓ It has an in-built source code editor, graphical notepad, ASCII charts, Assembly
symbol viewer, etc. It also supports several 8051 ICs like at89c51, A89S52, 8051,
8052, etc.
✓ It will support certain electronic simulations like LED, 7segment display, LCD etc.
which will help in giving the output when you interface these things to the hardware
directly.
✓ It has tools like hex decimal editors, base converters, special calculator, file
converters, inbuilt hardware programmers, etc.
✓ It has syntax validation, pop base auto-completion etc.
You can download this tool from https://sourceforge.net/projects/mcu8051ide/files/.

2. EDSIM 51: This is a virtual 8051 interfaced with virtual peripherals like 7 segment
display, motor, keypad, UART etc. This simulator is exclusively for students developed
by James Rogers,.
The features of this simulator are
✓ Have virtual peripherals like ADC, DAC with scope to display, comparator etc.
✓ Supports only assembly language
✓ IDE is completely written in JAVA and supports all the OS.
✓ Completely free and with user guide, examples, etc.
You can download this simulator from the https://www.edsim51.com/index.html.

3. 8051 IDE: This simulation software is exclusively for the Windows operating system
(98/xp).
The features of this simulator are
✓ Text editor, assembler, and software simulate in one single program.
✓ Has facilities like Breakpoint setter, execute to break point, predefined
simulator watch window, etc.
✓ It is available in both free version and paid version.
You can download this tool from https://www.acebus.com/win8051.htm
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

4. KEIL µVision: KEIL is the most popular software simulator. It has many features like
interactive IDE and supports both C and assembly languages for compilation and
simulation.

You can download and get more information from https://www.keil.com/c51/.

INSTALLATION OF KEIL SOFTWARE

Set up Keil IDE for Programming

Keil µVision IDE is a popular way to program MCUs containing the 8051 architectures. It
supports over 50 microcontrollers and has good debugging tools including logic
analyzers and watch windows.
In this article, we will use the AT89C51ED2 microcontroller, which has:
• 64 KB FLASH ROM
• On-chip EEPROM
• 256 Bytes RAM
• In-System programming for uploading the program
• 3 Timer/counters
• SPI, UART, PWM

The Keil µVision icon.

To start writing a new program, you need to create a new project. Navigate to project —>
New µVision project. Then save the new project in a folder.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

After saving the file, a new window will pop up asking you to select your microcontroller.
As discussed, we are using AT89C51/AT89C51ED2/AT89C52, so select this controller
under the Microchip section (as Atmel is now a part of Microchip).

Select ‘Yes’ in the next pop-up, as we do not need this file in our project.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

Our project workspace is now ready!

From here, we need to create a file where we can write our C code. Navigate to File —>
New.
Once the file is created, save it with .c extension in the same project folder.

Next, we have to add that .c or .asm file to our project workspace. Select Add Existing
Files and then select the created .c or .asm file to get it added.

The workspace and project file are ready.

 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

PROCEDURE

1. Create a new project, go to “Project” and close the current project “Close Project”.
2. Next Go to the Project New μVision Project and Create New Project Select
Device for Target.
3. Select the device AT89C51ED2 or AT89C51 or AT89C52
4. Add Startup file Next go to “File” and click “New”.
5. Write a program on the editor window and save it with .asm extension.
6. Add this source file to Group and click on “Build Target” or F7.
7. Go to debugging mode to see the result of simulation by clicking Run or step
run.8.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

PROGRAM:

ORG 0000H
CLR C
MOV A, #20H
ADD A, #21H
MOV R0, A
END OUTPUT:
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

EXP NO:
Test data transfer between registers and memory
DATE

AIM:
To write and execute an Assembly language program to transfer data between
registers and memory.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

S.No Software Requirements Quantity

1 Keil μvision5 IDE 1

PROCEDURE

1. Create a new project, go to “Project” and close the current project “Close Project”.
2. Next Go to the Project New μVision Project and Create a New Project Select
Device for the Target.
3. Select the device AT89C51ED2 or AT89C51 or AT89C52
4. Add Startup file Next go to “File” and click “New”.
5. Write a program on the editor window and save it with .asm extension.
6. Add this source file to Group and click on “Build Target” or F7.
7. Go to debugging mode to see the result of the simulation by clicking Run or Step
run.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

PROGRAM:
TYPE-I:
ORG 0000H
CLR C
MOV R0, #55H
MOV R1, #6FH
MOV A, R0
MOV 30H, A
MOV A, R1
MOV 31H, A
END

OUTPUT:
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

PROGRAM:
TYPE-II:
ORG 0000H
CLR C
MOV R0, #30H
MOV R1, #40H
MOV R7, #06H
BACK: MOV A, @R0
MOV @R1, A
INC R0
INC R1
DJNZ R7, BACK
END

OUTPUT:
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

EXP NO:
ALU operations
DATE

AIM:
To write and execute the ALU program using the Keil simulator.

SOFTWARE TOOLS REQUIRED:

S.No Software Requirements Quantity

1 Keil μvision5 IDE 1

PROCEDURE

1. Create a new project, go to “Project” and close the current project “Close Project”.
2. Next Go to the Project New μVision Project and Create New Project Select Device
for Target.
3. Select the device AT89C51ED2 or AT89C51 or AT89C52
4. Add Startup file Next go to “File” and click “New”.
5. Write a program on the editor window and save it with .asm extension.
6. Add this source file to Group and click on “Build Target” or F7.
7. Go to debugging mode to see the result of simulation by clicking Run or step run.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

PROGRAM:

ORG 0000H
CLR C
//ADDITION
MOV A, #20H
ADD A, #21H
MOV 41H, A

//SUBTRACTION
MOV A, #20H
SUBB A, #18H
MOV 42H, A

//MULTIPLICATION
MOV A, #03H
MOV B, #04H
MUL AB
MOV 43H, A

//DIVISION
MOV A, #95H
MOV B, #10H
DIV AB
MOV 44H, A
MOV 45H, B

//AND
MOV A, #25H MOV
B, #12H
ANL A, B
MOV 46H, A

//OR
MOV A, #25H
MOV B, #15H
ORL A, B
MOV 47H, A

//XOR
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

MOV A, #45H
MOV B, #67H
XRL A, B
MOV 48H, A

//NOT
MOV A, #45H
CPL A
MOV 49H, A
END OUTPUT:

RESULT:
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

EXP NO:
WRITE BASIC PROGRAMS USING EMBEDDED C
DATE

AIM:
To write a basic embedded C program to control a port 0 pin 0 connected to an
8051 microcontroller using a Keil simulator.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

S.No Software Requirements Quantity

1 Keil μvision5 IDE 1

PROCEDURE

1. Create a new project, go to “Project” and close the current project “Close Project”.
2. Next Go to the Project New μVision Project and Create a New Project Select
Device for the Target.
3. Select the device AT89C51ED2 or AT89C51 or AT89C52
4. Add Startup file Next go to “File” and click “New”.
5. Write a program on the editor window and save it with .asm extension.
6. Add this source file to Group and click on “Build Target” or F7.
7. Go to debugging mode to see the result of the simulation by clicking Run or Step
run.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

PROGRAM:
#include<REG51.h>
int i,j;
sbit LED = P2^0;
void main() {
while(1)
{
LED = 0;
for(j=0;j<10000;j++); LED
= 1; for(j=0;j<10000;j++);
}
}

OUTPUT:

RESULT:
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

EXP NO:
ARITHMETIC PROGRAMS USING EMBEDDED C
DATE

AIM:
To write an embedded C program for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
division using the Keil simulator.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

S.No Software Requirements Quantity

1 Keil μvision5 IDE 1

PROCEDURE

1. Create a new project, go to “Project” and close the current project “Close Project”.
2. Next Go to the Project New μvision Project and Create New Project Select Device
for Target.
3. Select the device AT89C51ED2 or AT89C51 or AT89C52
4. Add Startup file Next go to “File” and click “New”.
5. Write a program on the editor window and save it with the .asm extension.
6. Add this source file to Group and click on “Build Target” or F7.
7. Go to debugging mode to see the result of the simulation by clicking Run or Step
run.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

PROGRAM:
#include<REG51.H>
unsigned char a, b;
void main()
{
a=0x10;
b=0x04; P0=a-b;
P1=a+b;
P2=a*b; P3=a/b;
while(1); }
OUTPUT:

Port P0= _________

Port P1= _________
Port P2= _________
Port P3= _________

RESULT:
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

EXP NO:
INTRODUCTION TO THE ARDUINO PLATFORM
DATE

AIM:
To study the basics of Arduino Uno board and Arduino IDE 2.0 software.

Hardware & SOFTWARE TOOLS REQUIRED:

S.No. Hardware & Software Requirements Quantity

1 Arduino IDE 2.0 1

2 Arduino Uno Board 1

INTRODUCTION TO ARDUINO:

Arduino is a project, open-source hardware, and software platform used to design and
build electronic devices. It designs and manufactures microcontroller kits and single-
board interfaces for building electronics projects. The Arduino boards were initially
created to help students with the non-technical background. The designs of Arduino
boards use a variety of controllers and microprocessors. Arduino is an easy-to-use open
platform for creating electronic projects. Arduino boards play a vital role in creating
different projects. It makes electronics accessible to non-engineers, hobbyists, etc. The
various components present on the Arduino boards are a Microcontroller, Digital
Input/output pins, USB Interface and Connector, Analog Pins, reset buttons, Power buttons,
LEDs, Crystal oscillators, and Voltage regulators. Some components may differ depending
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

on the type of board. The most standard and popular board used over time is Arduino UNO.
The ATmega328 Microcontroller present on the UNO board makes it rather powerful than
other boards. There are various types of Arduino boards used for different purposes and
projects. The Arduino Boards are organized using the Arduino (IDE), which can run on
various platforms. Here, IDE stands for Integrated Development Environment. Let's
discuss some common and best Arduino boards.

TYPES OF ARDUINO BOARDS

1) Arduino UNO
Arduino UNO is based on an ATmega328P microcontroller. It is easy to use compared to
other boards, such as the Arduino Mega board, etc. The Arduino UNO includes 6 analog
pin inputs, 14 digital pins, a USB connector, a power jack, and an ICSP (In-Circuit Serial
Programming) header. It is the most used and of standard form from the list of all
available Arduino Boards.

2) Arduino Nano
The Arduino Nano is a small Arduino board based on ATmega328P or ATmega628
Microcontroller. The connectivity is the same as the Arduino UNO board. The Nano board
is defined as a sustainable, small, consistent, and flexible microcontroller board. It is small
in size compared to the UNO board. The devices required to start our projects using the
Arduino Nano board are Arduino IDE and miniUSB. The Arduino Nano includes an I/O pin
set of 14 digital pins and 8 analog pins. It also includes 6 Power pins and 2 Reset pins.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

3) Arduino Mega
The Arduino Mega is based on the ATmega2560 Microcontroller. The ATmega2560 is an 8
-bit microcontroller. We need a simple USB cable to connect to the computer and the AC
to DC adapter or battery to get started with it. It has the advantage of working with more
memory space. The
Arduino Mega includes 54 I/O digital pins and 16 Analog Input/Output (I/O), ICSP header, a
reset button, 4 UART (Universal Asynchronous Reciever/Transmitter) ports, USB
connection, and a power jack.

4) Arduino Micro
The Arduino Micro is based on the ATmega32U4 Microcontroller. It consists of 20 sets of
pins. The 7 pins from the set are PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) pins, while 12 pins are
analog input pins. The other components on board are a reset button, a 16MHz crystal
oscillator, an ICSP header, and a micro-USB connection. The USB is built in the Arduino
Micro board.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

5) Arduino Leonardo
The basic specification of the Arduino Leonardo is the same as the Arduino Micro. It is
also based on the ATmega32U4 Microcontroller. The components present on the board
are 20 analog and digital pins, a reset button, a 16MHz crystal oscillator, an ICSP header,
and a micro USB connection.

6) Arduino Due
The Arduino Due is based on the 32-bit ARM core. It is the first Arduino board that has
been developed based on the ARM Microcontroller. It consists of 54 Digital Input/Output
pins and 12 Analog pins. The Microcontroller present on the board is the Atmel SAM3X8E
ARM Cortex-M3 CPU. It has two ports, namely, a native USB port and a Programming port.
The micro side of the USB cable should be attached to the programming port.

7) Arduino Lilypad
The Arduino LilyPad was initially created for wearable projects and e-textiles. It is based
on the ATmega168 Microcontroller. The functionality of Lilypad is the same as other
Arduino Boards. It is a round, lightweight board with a minimal number of components to
keep the size of the board small. The Arduino Lilypad board was designed by Sparkfun and
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

Leah. It was developed by Leah Buechley.

It has 9 digital I/O pins.

8) Arduino Bluetooth
The Arduino Bluetooth board is based on ATmega168 Microcontroller. It is also named as
Arduino
BT board. The components present on the board are 16 digital pins, 6 analog pins, reset
button, 16MHz crystal oscillator, ICSP header, and screw terminals. The screw terminals
are used for power. The Arduino Bluetooth Microcontroller board can be programmed over
the Bluetooth as a wireless connection.

9) Arduino Diecimila
The Arduino Diecimila is also based on the ATmeg628 Microcontroller. The board consists
of 6 analog pin inputs, 14 digital Input/Output pins, a USB connector, a power jack, an ICSP
(In-Circuit Serial Programming) header, and a reset button. We can connect the board to
the computer using the USB and can power on the board with the help of an AC to DC
adapter. The Diecimila was initially developed to mark the 10000 delivered boards of
Arduino. Here, Diecimila means 10,000 in Italian.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

10) Arduino Robot

The Arduino Robot is called as the tiny computer. It is widely used in robotics. The board
comprises of the speaker, five-button, color screen, two motors, an SD card reader, a
digital compass, two potentiometers, and five floor sensors. The Robot Library can be
used to control the actuators and the sensors.

11) Arduino Ethernet

The Arduino Ethernet is based on the ATmega328 Microcontroller. The board consists of 6
analog pins, 14 digital I/O pins, crystal oscillator, reset button, ICSP header, a power jack,
and an RJ45 connection. With the help of the Ethernet shield, we can connect our Arduino
board to the internet.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

12) Arduino Zero

The Arduino Zero is generally called as the 32-bit extension of the Arduino UNO. It is based
on ATmel's SAM21 MCU. The board consists of 6 analog pin inputs, 14 digital
Input/Output pins, a USB connector, a power jack, and an ICSP (In-Circuit Serial
Programming) header, UART port pins, a power header, and AREF button. The Embedded
debugger of Atmel is also supported by the Arduino Zero. The function of Debugger is to
provide a full debug interface, which does not require additional hardware.

13) Arduino Esplora

The Arduino Esplora boards allow easy interfacing of sensors and actuators. The outputs
and inputs connected on the Esplora board make it unique from other types of Arduino
boards. The board includes outputs, inputs, a small microcontroller, a microphone, a
sensor, a joystick, an accelerometer, a temperature sensor, four buttons, and a slider.

14) Arduino Pro Micro

The structure of Arduino Pro Micro is similar to the Arduino Mini board, except the
Microcontroller ATmega32U4. The board consists of 12 digital Input/output pins, 5 PWM
(Pulse Width Modulation) pins, Tx and Rx serial connections, and 10-bit ADC (Analog to
Digital Converter).
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

INTRODUCTION TO ARDUINO UNO:

The Arduino UNO is a standard board of Arduino. Here UNO means 'one' in Italian. It was
named

UNO to label the first release of Arduino Software. It was also the first USB board released
by Arduino. It is considered a powerful board used in various projects. Arduino. cc
developed the Arduino UNO board. Arduino UNO is based on an ATmega328P
microcontroller. It is easy to use compared to other boards, such as the Arduino Mega
board, etc. The board consists of digital and analog Input/Output pins (I/O), shields, and
other circuits. The Arduino UNO includes 6 analog pin inputs, 14 digital pins, a USB
connector, a power jack, and an ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header. It is
programmed based on IDE, which stands for Integrated Development Environment. It can
run on both online and offline platforms. The IDE is common to all available boards of
Arduino.

The Arduino board is shown below:

The components of Arduino UNO board are shown below:

 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

Let's discuss each component in detail.

o ATmega328 Microcontroller- It is a single-chip Microcontroller of the ATmel family. The
processor code inside it is of 8-bit. It combines Memory (SRAM, EEPROM, and Flash),
Analog to Digital Converter, SPI serial ports, I/O lines, registers, timers, external and
internal interrupts, and oscillator.
o ICSP pin - The In-Circuit Serial Programming pin allows the user to program using the
firmware of the Arduino board.
o Power LED Indicator- The ON status of the LED shows the power is activated. When the
power is OFF, the LED will not light up.
o Digital I/O pins- The digital pins have the value HIGH or LOW. The pins numbered from D0
to D13 are digital pins.
o TX and RX LED's- The successful flow of data is represented by the lighting of these LED's.
o AREF- The Analog Reference (AREF) pin is used to feed a reference voltage to the Arduino
UNO board from the external power supply.
o Reset button- It is used to add a Reset button to the connection.
o USB- It allows the board to connect to the computer. It is essential for the programming of
the Arduino UNO board. o Crystal Oscillator- The Crystal oscillator has a frequency of
16MHz, which makes the Arduino UNO a powerful board.
o Voltage Regulator- The voltage regulator converts the input voltage to 5V. o GND-
Ground pins. The ground pin acts as a pin with zero voltage. o Vin- It is the input
voltage.
o Analog Pins- The pins numbered from A0 to A5 are analog pins. The function of Analog
pins is to read the analog sensor used in the connection. It can also act as GPIO (General
Purpose Input Output) pin.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF ARDUINO UNO

The technical specifications of the Arduino UNO are listed below:
o There are 20 Input/Output pins present on the Arduino UNO board. These 20 pins include 6
PWM pins, 6 analog pins, and 8 digital I/O pins.
o The PWM pins are Pulse Width Modulation capable. o The crystal oscillator present in
Arduino UNO comes with a frequency of 16MHz.
o It also has an Arduino-integrated WIFI module. Such Arduino UNO board is based on the
Integrated WIFI ESP8266 Module and ATmega328P microcontroller.
o The input voltage of the UNO board varies from 7V to 20V.
o Arduino UNO automatically draws power from the external power supply. It can also draw
power from the USB.
ARDUINO UNO PINOUT
The Arduino UNO is a standard board of Arduino, which is
based on an ATmega328P microcontroller. It is easier to use than other types of Arduino
Boards.
The Arduino UNO Board, with the specification of pins, is shown below:
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

Let's discuss each pin in detail.

ATmega328 Microcontroller- It is a single chip Microcontroller of the ATmel family. The processor
core inside it is of 8-bit. It is a low-cost, low powered, and a simple microcontroller. The Arduino
UNO and Nano models are based on the ATmega328 Microcontroller.
Voltage Regulator: The voltage regulator converts the input voltage to 5V. The primary function of
voltage regulator is to regulate the voltage level in the Arduino board. For any changes in the input
voltage of the regulator, the output voltage is constant and steady.
GND - Ground pins. The ground pins are used to ground the circuit.
TXD and RXD: TXD and RXD pins are used for serial communication. The TXD is used for
transmitting the data, and RXD is used for receiving the data. It also represents the successful flow
of data.
USB Interface: The USB Interface is used to plug-in the USB cable. It allows the board to connect to
the computer. It is essential for the programming of the Arduino UNO board.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

RESET: It is used to add a Reset button to the connection.

SCK: It stands for Serial Clock. These are the clock pulses, which are used to synchronize the
transmission of data.
MISO: It stands for Master Input/ Slave Output. The save line in the MISO pin is used to send the
data to the master.
VCC: It is the modulated DC supply voltage, which is used to regulate the IC's used in the
connection. It is also called as the primary voltage for IC's present on the Arduino board. The Vcc
voltage value can be negative or positive with respect to the GND pin.
Crystal Oscillator- The Crystal oscillator has a frequency of 16MHz, which makes the Arduino UNO
a powerful board.
ICSP: It stands for In-Circuit Serial Programming. The users can program the Arduino board's
firmware using the ICSP pins. The program or firmware with the advanced functionalities is
received by microcontroller with the help of the ICSP header. The ICSP header consists of 6 pins.
The structure of the ICSP header is shown below:

SDA: It stands for Serial Data. It is a line used by the slave and master to send and receive data. It
is called as a data line, while SCL is called as a clock line.
SCL: It stands for Serial Clock. It is defined as the line that carries the clock data. It is used to
synchronize the transfer of data between the two devices. The Serial Clock is generated by the
device and it is called as master.
SPI: It stands for Serial Peripheral Interface. It is popularly used by the microcontrollers to
communicate with one or more peripheral devices quickly. It uses conductors for data receiving,
data sending, synchronization, and device selection (for communication).
MOSI: It stands for Master Output/ Slave Input. The MOSI and SCK are driven by the Master.
SS: It stands for Slave Select. It is the Slave Select line, which is used by the master. It acts as the
enable line. I2C: It is the two-wire serial communication protocol. It stands for Inter Integrated
Circuits. The I2C is a serial communication protocol that uses SCL (Serial Clock) and SDA (Serial
Data) to receive and send data between two devices.
3.3V and 5V are the operating voltages of the board.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

INTRODUCTION TO ARDUINO IDE 2.0:

The Arduino IDE 2.0 is an open-source project, currently in its beta-phase. It is a big step
from it's sturdy predecessor, Arduino IDE 2.0, and comes with revamped UI, improved
board & library manger, autocomplete feature and much more.
In this tutorial, we will go through step by step, how to download and install the software.
Download the editor
Downloading the Arduino IDE 2.0 is done through the Arduino Software page. Here you will
also find information on the other editors available to use.

Requirements
• Windows - Win 10 and newer, 64 bits
• Linux - 64 bits
• Mac OS X - Version 10.14: "Mojave" or newer, 64 bits

Installation
Windows
Download URL: https://www.arduino.cc/en/software
To install the Arduino IDE 2.0 on a Windows computer, simply run the file downloaded
from the software page.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

Follow the instructions in the installation guide. The installation may take several minutes.

You can now use the Arduino IDE 2.0 on your windows computer!
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

How to use the board manager with the Arduino IDE 2.0
The board manager is a great tool for installing the necessary cores to use your Arduino
boards. In this quick tutorial, we will take a look at how to install one, and choosing the
right core for your board!
Requirements
• Arduino IDE 2.0 installed.
Why use the board manager?
The board manager is a tool that is used to install different cores on your local computer.
So what is a core, and why is it necessary that I install one?
Simply explained, a core is written and designed for specific microcontrollers. As Arduino
have several different types of boards, they also have different type of microcontrollers.
For example, an Arduino UNO has an ATmega328P, which uses the AVR core, while an
Arduino Nano 33 IoT has a SAMD21 microcontroller, where we need to use the SAMD
core.
In conclusion, to use a specific board, we need to install a specific core.
Installing a core
Installing a core is quick and easy, but let's take a look at what we need to do.
1. Open the Arduino IDE 2.0.
2. With the editor open, let's take a look at the left column. Here, we can see a couple of
icons.
Let's click the on the "computer chip" icon.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

1. A list will now appear of all available cores. Now let's say we are using an Nano 33
IoT board, and we want to install the core. Simply enter the name in the search field,
and the right core (SAMD) will appear, where the Nano 33 IoT features in the
description. Click on the "INSTALL" button.

4. This will begin an installation process, which in some cases may take several
minutes.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

5. When it is finished, we can take a look at the core in the boards manager column,
where it should say "INSTALLED".

You have now successfully downloaded and installed a core on your machine, and you can
start using your Arduino board!
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

How to upload a sketch with the Arduino IDE 2.0

In the Arduino environment, we write sketches that can be uploaded to Arduino boards. In
this tutorial, we will go through how to select a board connected to your computer, and
how to upload a sketch to that board, using the Arduino IDE 2.0.
Requirements
• Arduino IDE 2.0 installed.
Verify VS Upload
There are two main tools when uploading a sketch to a board: verify and upload. The
verify tool simply goes through your sketch, checks for errors and compiles it. The upload
tool does the same, but when it finishes compiling the code, it also uploads it to the board.
A good practice is to use the verifying tool before attempting to upload anything. This is a
quick way of spotting any errors in your code, so you can fix them before actually
uploading the code.
Uploading a sketch
Installing a core is quick and easy, but let's take a look at what we need to do.
1. Open the Arduino IDE 2.0.
2. With the editor open, let's take a look at the navigation bar at the top. At the very left,
there is a checkmark and an arrow pointing right. The checkmark is used to verify,
and the arrow is used to upload.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

3. Click on the verify tool (checkmark). Since we are verifying an empty sketch, we can
be sure it is going to compile. After a few seconds, we can see the result of the
action in the console (black box in the bottom).

1. Now we know that our code is compiled, and that it is working. Now, before we can
upload the code to our board, we will first need to select the board that we are
using. We can do this by navigating to Tools > Port > {Board}. The board(s) that are
connected to your computer should appear here, and we need to select it by
clicking it. In this case, our board is displayed as COM44 (Arduino UNO).
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

5. With the board selected, we are good to go! Click on the upload button, and it will
start uploading the sketch to the board.
6. When it is finished, it will notify you in the console log. Of course, sometimes there
are some complications when uploading, and these errors will be listed here as well.

you have now uploaded a sketch to your Arduino board!

How to install and use a library with the Arduino IDE 2.0
A large part of the Arduino programming experience is the use of libraries. Thousands of
libraries can be found online, and the best-documented ones can be found and installed
directly through the editor. In this tutorial, we will go through how to install a library using
the library manager in the Arduino IDE 2.0. We will also show how to access examples
from a library that you have installed.
Requirements
• Arduino IDE 2.0 installed.
Why use libraries?
Libraries are incredibly useful when creating a project of any type. They make our
development experience much smoother, and there almost an infinite amount out there.
They are used to interface with many different sensors, RTCs, Wi-Fi modules, RGB
matrices and of course with other components on your board.
Arduino has many official libraries, but the real heroes are the Arduino community, who
develop, maintain and improve their libraries on a regular basis.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

Installing a library
Installing a library is quick and easy, but let's take a look at what we need to do.
1. Open the Arduino IDE 2.0.
2. With the editor open, let's take a look at the left column. Here, we can see a couple
of icons.
Let's click the on the "library" icon.

3. A list will now appear of all available libraries, where we can also search for the
library we want to use. In this example, we are going to install the RTCZero library.
Click on the "INSTALL" button to install the library.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

4. This process should not take too long, but allow up to a minute to install it.

5. When it is finished, we can take a look at the library in the library manager column,
where it should say "INSTALLED".
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

You have now successfully downloaded and installed a library on your machine.

Including a library
To use a library, you first need to include the library at the top of the sketch.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

Almost all libraries come with already made examples that you can use. These are
accessible through File > Examples > {Library} > {Example}. In this example, we are
choosing the RTCZero > SimpleRTC.

The chosen example will now open up in a new window, and you can start using it however
you want to.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

RESULT:
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

EXP NO:
INTRODUCTION TO ARDUINO PROGRAMMING
DATE

AIM:
To write and execute different Arduino programming for analog, digital signals and
serial communication.

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE TOOLS REQUIRED:

S.No Hardware & Software Requirements Quantity

1 Arduino IDE 2.0 1

2 Arduino UNO Development Board 1

3 Jumper Wires few

4 Arduino USB Cable 1

5 Joystick Module 1

PROCEDURE:

CONNECTION:

Arduino UNO Pin Arduino Development Board

2 LED
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

PROGRAM:

DIGITAL WRITE:
void setup()
{ pinMode(2, OUTPUT);
} void loop()
{ digitalWrite(2,
HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(2, LOW);
delay(1000);
}

CONNECTION:

Arduino UNO Pin Arduino Development Board

2 LED
5 S1 (SW 1)

DIGITAL READ:
void setup() { pinMode(2,
OUTPUT); pinMode(5,
INPUT_PULLUP);
} void loop() { int
sw=digitalRead(5);
if(sw==1)
{ for(int i=0; i<5;
i++)
{
digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
delay(1000);
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

digitalWrite(2, LOW);
delay(1000);
} }
else
{ digitalWrite(2,
LOW);
}
}

CONNECTION:

Arduino UNO Pin Arduino Development Joystick Module

Board
2 LED
VCC or 5V +5V
GND GND
A0 VRx or VRy

ANALOG READ:
void setup()
{ pinMode(2, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600); } void
loop() { int
joystick=analogRead(A0);
Serial.println(joystick);
if(joystick>800)
digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
else
digitalWrite(2, LOW);

delay(500);
}
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

CONNECTION:

Arduino UNO Pin Arduino Development

Board
3 LED

PWM Pins: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11

ANALOG WRITE:
void setup()
{ pinMode(3, OUTPUT);
} void loop() { for(int
i=0; i<256;i++)
{ analogWrite(3,i);
delay(20);
}
for(int i=255; i>=0;i--)
{ analogWrite(3,i);
delay(20);
}
}

CONNECTION:

Arduino UNO Pin Arduino Development

Board
4 LED
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

SERIAL COMMUNICATION:
void setup()
{ Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
}

void loop()
{ if(Serial.available()>0)
{
char data=Serial.read();
Serial.println(data);
if(data=='1'){ digital
Write(4,HIGH); } else
if(data=='2'){ digital
Write(4,LOW);
}
}
}

RESULT:
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

EXP NO: Different communication methods with IoT devices

DATE (Zigbee, GSM, Bluetooth)

AIM:
To Explore different communication methods with IoT devices (Zigbee, GSM,
Bluetooth).

DIFFERENT COMMUNICATION METHODS:

IoT devices require reliable and efficient communication methods to transmit data and
interact with other devices or systems. Here are three commonly used communication
methods for IoT devices:

Zigbee:
Zigbee is a low-power wireless communication protocol designed for short-range
communication between devices. It operates on the 2.4 GHz frequency band and supports
mesh networking, allowing devices to communicate with each other through intermediate
nodes. Zigbee is commonly used in home automation, industrial control, and smart energy
applications.

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications):

GSM is a widely used cellular network technology that enables IoT devices to
connect to the internet using SIM cards. It operates on various frequency bands and
provides wide coverage, making it suitable for applications that require long-range
communication. GSM is commonly used in applications such as asset tracking, remote
monitoring, and smart cities.

Bluetooth:
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communication technology that operates on the
2.4 GHz frequency band. It is commonly used for connecting IoT devices to smartphones,
tablets, and other nearby devices. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a power-efficient version
of Bluetooth that is ideal for battery-powered IoT devices. Bluetooth is widely used in
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

applications such as wearable devices, healthcare monitoring, and home automation.

Each communication method has its advantages and limitations, and the choice
depends on the specific requirements of the IoT application. Factors to consider include
range, power consumption, data rate, security, and interoperability with other devices or
systems.

RESULT:
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

EXP NO:
BLUETOOTH COMMUNICATION
DATE

AIM:
To write a program to control an LED using a Bluetooth module.

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE TOOLS REQUIRED:

S.No Hardware & Software Requirements Quantity

1 Arduino IDE 2.0 1

2 Arduino UNO Development Board 1

3 Jumper Wires few

4 Arduino USB Cable 1

5 HC-05 Bluetooth Module 1

PROCEDURE
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

CONNECTIONS:

Arduino UNO Pin Bluetooth Module Arduino Development

Board
VCC 5V -
GND GND -
2 Tx -
3 Rx -
4 - LED
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

PROGRAM:

#include<SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial mySerial(2,3);
//rx,tx void setup()
{ mySerial.begin(9600);
Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(4,
OUTPUT);
}

void loop()
{ if(mySerial.available()>0)
{
char
data=mySerial.read();
Serial.println(data);
if(data=='1'){ digitalWrit
e(4,HIGH);
Serial.println("LED ON");
} else
if(data=='2'){ digitalWrit
e(4,LOW);
Serial.println("LED OFF");
}
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

}
}

RESULT:

EXP NO:
ZIGBEE COMMUNICATION
DATE

AIM:
To write a program to control an LED using a Zigbee module.

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE TOOLS REQUIRED:

S.No Hardware & Software Requirements Quantity

1 Arduino IDE 2.0 1

2 Arduino UNO Development Board 2

3 Jumper Wires few

4 Arduino USB Cable 2

5 Zigbee Module 2

PROCEDURE

CONNECTIONS:

TRANSMITTER:
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

Arduino UNO Pin Zigbee Module

VCC 5V
GND G
2 Tx
3 Rx

PROGRAM:
TRANSMITTER SIDE:

#include<SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial mySerial(2,3);
//rx,tx void setup()
{ mySerial.begin(9600);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{ mySerial.write('A');
Serial.println('A');
delay(100);
mySerial.write('B');
Serial.println('B');
delay(100);
}

CONNECTIONS:

RECEIVER:
Arduino UNO Pin Zigbee Module Arduino Development
Board
- 5V 5V
- G GND
2 Tx -
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

3 Rx -
4 - LED1

RECEIVER SIDE:
#include<SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial mySerial(2,3);
//rx,tx void setup()
{ mySerial.begin(9600);
Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(4,
OUTPUT);
}

void loop()
{ if(mySerial.available()>0)
{ char data=mySerial.read();
Serial.println(data);
if(data=='A')
digitalWrite(4,HIGH);
else if(data=='B')
digitalWrite(4,LOW);
}
}

RESULT:
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

EXP NO: INTRODUCTION TO THE RASPBERRY PI

DATE PLATFORM

Introduction to Raspberry Pi Pico W:

The Raspberry Pi Pico W is a compact and affordable microcontroller board developed by

the Raspberry Pi Foundation. Building upon the success of the Raspberry Pi Pico, the Pico
W variant brings wireless connectivity to the table, making it an even more versatile
platform for embedded projects. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive overview
of the Raspberry Pi Pico W, highlighting its key features and capabilities.
Features:
• RP2040 microcontroller with 2MB of flash memory
• On-board single-band 2.4GHz wireless interfaces (802.11n)
• Micro USB B port for power and data (and for reprogramming the flash)
• 40 pins 21mmx51mm ‘DIP’ style 1mm thick PCB with 0.1″ through-hole pins also
with edge castellations
• Exposes 26 multi-function 3.3V general purpose I/O (GPIO)
• 23 GPIO are digital-only, with three also being ADC-capable
• Can be surface mounted as a module
• 3-pin ARM serial wire debug (SWD) port
• Simple yet highly flexible power supply architecture
• Various options for easily powering the unit from micro-USB, external supplies, or
batteries
• High quality, low cost, high availability
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

• Comprehensive SDK, software examples, and documentation

• Dual-core Cortex M0+ at up to 133MHz
• On-chip PLL allows variable core frequency
• 264kByte multi-bank high-performance SRAM

Raspberry Pi Pico W:
The Raspberry Pi Pico W is based on the RP2040 microcontroller, which was designed by
Raspberry Pi in-house. It combines a powerful ARM Cortex-M0+ processor with built-in Wi-
Fi connectivity, opening up a range of possibilities for IoT projects, remote monitoring, and
wireless communication. The Pico W retains the same form factor as the original Pico,
making it compatible with existing Pico accessories and add-ons.

RP2040 Microcontroller:
At the core of the Raspberry Pi Pico W is the RP2040 microcontroller. It features a dual-
core ARM Cortex-M0+ processor running at 133MHz, providing ample processing power
for a wide range of applications. The microcontroller also includes 264KB of SRAM, which
is essential for storing and manipulating data during runtime. Additionally, the RP2040
incorporates 2MB of onboard flash memory for program storage, ensuring sufficient
space for your code and firmware.

Wireless Connectivity:
The standout feature of the Raspberry Pi Pico W is its built-in wireless connectivity. It
includes an onboard Cypress CYW43455 Wi-Fi chip, which supports dual-band (2.4GHz
and 5GHz) Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/n/ac. This allows the Pico W to seamlessly connect to
wireless networks, communicate with other devices, and access online services. The
wireless capability opens up new avenues for IoT projects, remote monitoring and control,
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

and real-time data exchange.

GPIO and Peripherals:

Similar to the Raspberry Pi Pico, the Pico W offers a generous number of GPIO pins,
providing flexibility for interfacing with external components and peripherals. It features
26 GPIO pins, of which 3 are analog inputs, and supports various protocols such as UART,
SPI, I2C, and PWM. The Pico W also includes onboard LED indicators and a micro-USB
port for power and data connectivity.

MicroPython and C/C++ Programming:

The Raspberry Pi Pico W can be programmed using MicroPython, a beginner-friendly
programming language that allows for rapid prototyping and development. MicroPython
provides a simplified syntax and high-level abstractions, making it easy for newcomers to
get started. Additionally, the Pico W is compatible with C/C++ programming, allowing
experienced developers to leverage the rich ecosystem of libraries and frameworks
available.

Programmable Input/Output (PIO) State Machines:

One of the unique features of the RP2040 microcontroller is the inclusion of
Programmable Input/Output (PIO) state machines. These state machines provide
additional processing power and flexibility for handling real-time data and timing-critical
applications. The PIO state machines can be programmed to interface with custom
protocols, generate precise waveforms, and offload tasks from the main processor,
enhancing the overall performance of the system.

Open-Source and Community Support

As with all Raspberry Pi products, the Pico W benefits from the vibrant and supportive
Raspberry Pi community. Raspberry Pi provides extensive documentation, including
datasheets, pinout diagrams, and programming guides, to assist developers in
understanding the board’s capabilities. The community offers forums, online tutorials, and
project repositories, allowing users to seek help, share knowledge, and collaborate on
innovative projects.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

The Raspberry Pi Pico W brings wireless connectivity to the popular Raspberry Pi Pico
microcontroller board. With its powerful RP2040 microcontroller, built-in Wi-Fi chip,
extensive GPIO capabilities, and compatibility with MicroPython and C/C++ programming,
the Pico W offers a versatile and affordable platform for a wide range of embedded
projects. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced developer, the Raspberry Pi Pico W
provides a user-friendly and flexible platform to bring your ideas to life and explore the
exciting world of wireless IoT applications.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

RESULT:

EXP NO:
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON PROGRAMMING
DATE

Getting Started with Thonny MicroPython (Python) IDE:

If you want to program your ESP32 and ESP8266 with MicroPython firmware, it’s very
handy to use an IDE. you’ll have your first LED blinking using MicroPython and Thonny IDE.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

What is MicroPython?
MicroPython is a Python 3 programming language re-implementation targeted for
microcontrollers and embedded systems. MicroPython is very similar to regular Python.
Apart from a few exceptions, the language features of Python are also available in
MicroPython. The most significant difference between Python and MicroPython is that
MicroPython was designed to work under constrained conditions.
Because of that, MicroPython does not come with the entire pack of standard libraries. It
only includes a small subset of the Python standard libraries, but it includes modules to
easily control and interact with the GPIOs, use Wi-Fi, and other communication protocols.

Thonny IDE:
Thonny is an open-source IDE which is used to write and upload MicroPython programs to
different development boards such as Raspberry Pi Pico, ESP32, and ESP8266. It is
extremely interactive and easy to learn IDE as much as it is known as the beginner-friendly
IDE for new programmers. With the help of Thonny, it becomes very easy to code in
Micropython as it has a built-in debugger that helps to find any error in the program by
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

debugging the script line by line.

You can realize the popularity of Thonny IDE from this that it comes pre-installed in
Raspian OS which is an operating system for a Raspberry Pi. It is available to install on r
Windows, Linux, and Mac OS.

A) Installing Thonny IDE – Windows PC

Thonny IDE comes installed by default on Raspbian OS that is used with the Raspberry Pi
board.
To install Thonny on your Windows PC, follow the next instructions:
1. Go to https://thonny.org
2. Download the version for Windows and wait a few seconds while it downloads.

3. Run the .exe file.

 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

4. Follow the installation wizard to complete the installation process. You just need to click
“Next”.

5. After completing the installation, open Thonny IDE. A window as shown in the following
figure should open.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

CONNECTIONS:

Raspberry Pi Pico Raspberry Pi Pico

Pin Development Board
GP16 LED
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

PROGRAM

LED:
from machine import
Pin import time LED =
Pin(16, Pin.OUT) while
True: LED.value(1)
time.sleep(1)
LED.value(0)
time.sleep(1)
CONNECTIONS:

Raspberry Pi Pico Raspberry Pi Pico

Pin Development Board
(RGB)
GP16 R
GP17 G
GP18 B
GND COM

RGB:
from machine import Pin
from time import
sleep_ms,sleep
r=Pin(16,Pin.OUT)
y=Pin(17,Pin.OUT)
g=Pin(18,Pin.OUT)

while True:
r.value(1)
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

sleep_ms(1000)
r.value(0)
sleep_ms(1000)
y.value(1)
sleep(1)
y.value(0)
sleep(1)
g.value(1)
sleep(1)
g.value(0)
sleep(1)
CONNECTIONS:

Raspberry Pi Pico Raspberry Pi Pico

Pin Development Board
GP16 LED
GP15 SW1

SWITCH CONTROLLED LED:

from machine import
Pin from time import
sleep
led=Pin(16,Pin.OUT)
sw=Pin(15,Pin.IN)
while True:
bt=sw.value() if bt==
True: print("LED
ON") led.value(1)
sleep(2) led.value
(0) sleep(2)
led.value (1)
sleep(2)
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

led.value(0)
sleep(2) else:
print("LED OFF")
sleep(0.5)

RESULT:
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

EXP NO:
INTERFACING SENSORS WITH RASPBERRY PI
DATE

AIM:
To interface the IR sensor and Ultrasonic sensor with Raspberry Pico.

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE TOOLS REQUIRED:

S.No Hardware & Software Requirements Quantity

1 Thonny IDE 1

2 Raspberry Pi Pico Development Board 1

3 Jumper Wires few

4 Micro USB Cable 1

5 IR Sensor 1

6 Ultrasonic sensor 1

PROCEDURE

CONNECTIONS:

Raspberry Pi Pico Raspberry Pi Pico

IR Sensor Module
Pin Development Board
GP16 BUZZER -
GP15 - OUT
- 5V VCC
- GND GND
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

PROGRAM:

IR Sensor: from
machine import Pin
from time import sleep
buzzer=Pin(16,Pin.OUT)
ir=Pin(15,Pin.IN) while
True:
ir_value=ir.value() if
ir_value== True:
print("Buzzer OFF")
buzzer.value(0)
else:
print("Buzzer ON")
buzzer.value (1)
sleep(0.5) CONNECTIONS:

Raspberry Pi Pico Raspberry Pi Pico

Ultrasonic Sensor Module
Pin Development Board
GP16 BUZZER -
GP15 - ECHO
GP14 - TRIG
- 5V VCC
- GND GND
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

ULTRASONIC SENSOR:
from machine import Pin,
PWM import utime trigger =
Pin(14, Pin.OUT) echo =
Pin(15, Pin.IN)
buzzer = Pin(16, Pin.OUT)

def measure_distance():
trigger.low()
utime.sleep_us(2)
trigger.high()
utime.sleep_us(5)
trigger.low() while
echo.value() == 0:
signaloff = utime.ticks_us()
while echo.value() == 1:
signalon = utime.ticks_us()

timepassed = signalon - signaloff

distance = (timepassed * 0.0343) / 2
return distance

while True:
dist = measure_distance()
print(f"Distance : {dist} cm")
if dist <= 10:
buzzer.value(1)
utime.sleep(0.01) else:
buzzer.value(0)
utime.sleep(0.01)
utime.sleep(0.5)

RESULT:
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

EXP NO: COMMUNICATE BETWEEN ARDUINO AND

DATE RASPBERRY PI

AIM:
To write and execute the program to Communicate between Arduino and Raspberry
PI using any wireless medium (Bluetooth)

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE TOOLS REQUIRED:

S.No Hardware & Software Requirements Quantity

1 Thonny IDE 1

2 Raspberry Pi Pico Development Board 1

3 Arduino Uno Development Board 1

4 Jumper Wires few

5 Micro USB Cable 1

6 Bluetooth Module 2

PROCEDURE

CONNECTIONS:

Arduino UNO Pin Arduino Development Bluetooth Module

Board
2 - Tx
3 - Rx
- GND GND
- 5V 5V
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

PROGRAM:

MASTER
ARDUINO:
#include<SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial mySerial(2,3);
//rx,tx void setup()
{ mySerial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{ mySerial.write('A');
delay(1000);
mySerial.write('B');
delay(1000);
}

CONNECTIONS:

Raspberry Pi Pico Raspberry Pi Pico

Bluetooth Module
Pin Development Board
GP16 LED -
VCC - +5V
GND - GND
GP1 - Tx
GP0 - Rx
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

SLAVE
RASPBERRY PI PICO
from machine import Pin,
UART uart = UART(0, 9600)
led = Pin(16, Pin.OUT)

while True: if uart.any()

> 0: data = uart.read()
print(data) if "A" in
data: led.value(1)
print('LED on \n')
uart.write('LED on \n')
elif "B" in data:
led.value(0)
print('LED off \n')
uart.write('LED off \n')
RESULT:
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

EXP NO:
CLOUD PLATFORM TO LOG THE DATA
DATE

AIM:
To set up a cloud platform to log the data from IoT devices.

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE TOOLS REQUIRED:

S.No. Software Requirements Quantity

1 Blynk Platform 1

CLOUD PLATFORM-BLYNK:

Blynk is a smart platform that allows users to create their Internet of Things applications
without the need for coding or electronics knowledge. It is based on the idea of physical
programming & provides a platform to create and control devices where users can
connect physical devices to the Internet and control them using a mobile app.

Setting up Blynk 2.0 Application

To control the LED using Blynk and Raspberry Pi Pico W, you need to create a Blynk project
and set up a dashboard in the mobile or web application. Here’s how you can set up the
dashboard:

Step 1: Visit blynk.cloud and create a Blynk account on the Blynk website. Or you can
simply sign in using the registered Email ID.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

Step 2: Click on +New Template.

Step 3: Give any name to the Template such as Raspberry Pi Pico W. Select ‘Hardware
Type’ as Other and ‘Connection Type’ as WiFi.

So a template will be created now.

 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

Step 4: Now we need to add a ‘New Device’ now.

Select a New Device from ‘Template’.

 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

Select the device from a template that you created earlier and also give any name to the
device. Click on Create.

A new device will be created. You will find the Blynk Authentication Token Here. Copy it as
it is necessary for the code.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

Step 5: Now go to the dashboard and select ‘Web Dashboard’.

From the widget box drag a switch and place it on the dashboard screen.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

Step 6:

On the switch board click on Settings and here you need to set up the Switch. Give any title
to it and Create Datastream as Virtual Pin.

Configure the switch settings as per the image below and click on create.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

Configure the final steps again.

With this Blynk dashboard set up, you can now proceed to program the Raspberry Pi Pico
W board to control the LED.
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

Step 7:
To control the LED with a mobile App or Mobile Dashboard, you also need to setup the
Mobile Phone Dashboard. The process is similarly explained above.

Install the Blynk app on your smartphone The Blynk app is available for iOS and Android.
Download and install the app on your smartphone. then need to set up both the Mobile
App and the Mobile Dashboard in order to control the LED with a mobile device. The
process is explained above.

1. Open Google Play Store App on an android phone

2. Open Blynk.App
3. Log In to your account (using the same email and password)
4. Switch to Developer Mode
5. Find the “Raspberry Pi Pico Pico W” template we created on the web and tap on it
6. Tap on the “Raspberry Pi Pico Pico W” template (this template automatically comes
because we created it on our dashboard).
7. tap on plus icon on the left-right side of the window
8. Add one button Switch
9. Now We Successfully Created an android template
10. it will work similarly to a web dashboard template
CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

RESULT:

EXP NO: Log Data using Raspberry PI and upload it to the cloud
DATE platform

AIM:
To write and execute the program Log Data using Raspberry PI and upload it to the
cloud platform

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE TOOLS REQUIRED:

S.No Hardware & Software Requirements Quantity

1 Thonny IDE 1

2 Raspberry Pi Pico Development Board few

3 Jumper Wires 1

4 Micro USB Cable 1

 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

PROCEDURE

CONNECTIONS:

Raspberry Pi Pico Raspberry Pi Pico

LCD Module
Pin Development Board
- 5V VCC
- GND GND
GP0 - SDA
GP1 - SCL

PROGRAM:
from machine import Pin, I2C,
ADC from utime import
sleep_ms from pico_i2c_lcd
import I2cLcd import time import
network
import BlynkLib

adc = machine.ADC(4)
i2c=I2C(0, sda=Pin(0), scl=Pin(1), freq=400000)
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

I2C_ADDR=i2c.scan()[0]
lcd=I2cLcd(i2c,I2C_ADDR,2,16)

wlan = network.WLAN()
wlan.active(True)
wlan.connect("Wifi_Username","Wifi_Password")

BLYNK_AUTH = 'Your_Token'

# connect the network wait = 10

while wait > 0: if wlan.status() < 0 or
wlan.status() >= 3:
break
wait -= 1
print('waiting for connection...')
time.sleep(1)

# Handle connection
error if wlan.status() != 3:
raise RuntimeError('network connection
failed') else: print('connected')
ip=wlan.ifconfig()[0]
print('IP: ', ip)

"Connection to Blynk"
# Initialize Blynk
blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(BLYNK_AUTH)

lcd.clear()

while True:
ADC_voltage = adc.read_u16() * (3.3 / (65536))
temperature_celcius = 27 - (ADC_voltage - 0.706)/0.001721
temp_fahrenheit=32+(1.8*temperature_celcius)
print("Temperature in C: {}".format(temperature_celcius))
print("Temperature in F: {}".format(temp_fahrenheit))

lcd.move_to(0,0)
lcd.putstr("Temp:")
lcd.putstr(str(round(temperature_celcius,2)))
lcd.putstr("C ")
lcd.move_to(0,1)
lcd.putstr("Temp:")
lcd.putstr(str(round(temp_fahrenheit,2)))
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

lcd.putstr("F")
time.sleep(5)

blynk.virtual_write(3, temperature_celcius)
blynk.virtual_write(4, temp_fahrenheit)
blynk.log_event(temperature_celcius)

blynk.run()

time.sleep(5)

RESULT:

EXP NO:
Design an IOT-based system
DATE

AIM:
To design a Smart Home Automation IOT-based system

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE TOOLS REQUIRED:

S.No Hardware & Software Requirements Quantity

1 Thonny IDE 1
2 Raspberry Pi Pico Development Board few

3 Jumper Wires 1

4 Micro USB Cable 1

5 LED or Relay 1
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

PROCEDURE
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

CONNECTIONS:

Raspberry Pi Pico Raspberry Pi Pico

Pin Development Board
GP16 LED 1

PROGRAM:

import time import

network import
BlynkLib from
machine import Pin
led=Pin(16, Pin.OUT)

wlan = network.WLAN()
wlan.active(True)
wlan.connect("Wifi_Username","Wifi_Password")
BLYNK_AUTH = 'Your_Token'

# connect the network wait = 10

while wait > 0: if wlan.status() < 0 or
wlan.status() >= 3:
 CS3691 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT

break
wait -= 1
print('waiting for connection...')
time.sleep(1)

# Handle connection
error if wlan.status() != 3:
raise RuntimeError('network connection failed')
else:
print('connected')
ip=wlan.ifconfig()[0]
print('IP: ', ip)

"Connection to Blynk"
# Initialize Blynk
blynk = BlynkLib.Blynk(BLYNK_AUTH)

# Register virtual pin handler

@blynk.on("V0") #virtual pin V0 def
v0_write_handler(value): #read the value
if int(value[0]) == 1: led.value(1)
#turn the led on else:
led.value(0) #turn the led
off while True: blynk.run()
 EXTRA PROGRAMS

LCD DISPLAY:

from machine import Pin, I2C from time

import sleep from pico_i2c_lcd import
I2cLcd i2c=I2C(0, sda=Pin(0), scl=Pin(1),
freq=400000) I2C_ADDR=i2c.scan()[0]
lcd=I2cLcd(i2c,I2C_ADDR,2,16)

while True:
lcd.move_to(3,0)
lcd.putstr("Ediylabs")
sleep(5) lcd.clear()

Raspberry Pi Pico 16X2 LCD Display

Development Board
5V VCC
GND GND
GP0 SDA
GP1 SCL
DHT 11 Sensor:

from machine import Pin, I2C import utime as

time from dht import DHT11, InvalidChecksum
while True: time.sleep(1) pin = Pin(16,
Pin.OUT, Pin.PULL_DOWN) sensor = DHT11(pin)
t = (sensor.temperature) h = (sensor.humidity)
print("Temperature:
{}".format(sensor.temperature)) print("Humidity:
{}".format(sensor.humidity)) time.sleep(2)

Connection

Raspberry Pi Pico DHT11

Development Board
5V VCC
GND GND
GP16 DATA
SERVO MOTOR:

from time import sleep from

machine import Pin, PWM

pwm = PWM(Pin(1))
pwm.freq(50)

while True: for position in

range(1000,9000,50):
pwm.duty_u16(position)
sleep(0.01) for position in
range(9000,1000,-50):
pwm.duty_u16(position)
sleep(0.01)

Connection

Raspberry Pi Pico SERVOMOTOR

Development Board
GND BROWM
5V RED
GP1 ORANGE
STEPPER MOTOR:
from machine import Pin
from time import sleep

IN1 = Pin(12,Pin.OUT)
IN2 = Pin(13,Pin.OUT)
IN3 = Pin(14,Pin.OUT)
IN4 = Pin(15,Pin.OUT)

pins = [IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4]

sequence = [[1,0,0,0],[0,1,0,0],[0,0,1,0],[0,0,0,1]]

while True: for step in

sequence: for i in
range(len(pins)):
pins[i].value(step[i])
sleep(0.001)

Connection

Raspberry Pi Pico STEPPER MOTOR

Development Board
5V + (5V)
GND - (GND)
GP12 IN1
GP13 IN2
GP14 IN3
GP15 IN4