HEALTH

First Quarter-Module 2
Lesson 1 - Health Service Providers and Healthcare
Plan Lesson 2- Health Fraud and Quackery
 Lesson Health Service Providers
1 and Health Care Plan

What is It
Healthcare requires more than just specialists. Healthcare needs a team
to function properly, a team of healthcare providers and assistants. No matter
how basic or dangerous the situation is, you will need at least two people on
your healthcare team. When we go to the hospital, our focus is the doctor and
we hardly think about the nurses, personnel, and the assistant.

THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS

I. Health professionals
Individuals who are licensed to practice medicine and other allied health
programs. They provide essential services that promote health, prevent
diseases, and deliver healthcare services to individuals, families, and
communities. An example of a health professional is a physician.
Physician- records the medical history of an individual, provides diagnosis,
performs medical examinations, and prescribes medications.
Different kinds of physicians based on their area of specialization.
Medical Specialist

● Anesthesiologist – administration of anesthesia like in surgery

● Cardiologist - a doctor with special training in finding, treating,
and preventing diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
 ● Dermatologist - the medical expert you should consult if you
have any significant problem with your skin.
● Dermatology - the science that is concerned with the diagnosis
and treatment of diseases of skin, hair, and nails. ●
Gastroenterologist - the branch of medicine focused on the
digestive system and its disorders.
● Gynecologist - the medical practice dealing with the health of
the female reproductive system (vagina, uterus, and ovaries)
and the breast.
● Geriatrician - the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis,
treatment, and prevention of diseases in older people and the
problems specific to aging.
● Neurologist - a doctor who specializes in treating diseases in the
nervous system.
● Orthopedist - a physician who corrects congenital or functional
abnormalities of the bone with surgery, casting, and bracing.
● Ophthalmologist - specializes in medical and surgical care of the
eyes and visual system in the prevention of eye injury and
disease.
● Pediatrician - a medical practitioner specializing in the children
and their diseases.
● Pulmonologist - a physician who possesses special knowledge
and skills in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary condition
(lungs).
● Urologist - a physician who specializes in the disease of the
urinary tract and male reproductive system.

Dental specialist

● Dentist – a medical practitioner who specializes in general care of teeth

and oral cavities.
● Endodontist – a doctor that deals with the disease of tooth below gum
line and root canal therapy.
● Orthodontist – deals with teeth alignment and malocclusion.
 ● Pedodontics or pediatric dentists specializes in the diagnosis and
treatment of the dental problems of children from infancy to young
adulthood.
● Periodontist – specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing
diseases of the soft tissues of the mouth (gums) and the supporting structure
(bone) of the teeth.

Mental health
practitioners

● Psychologist – general care of mental and emotional wellness. ●

Psychiatrist – specialist in mental and emotional
problems.

Allied health professional – a trained healthcare provider who practices

under the supervision of a physician or healthcare provider.

● Nurse – general care of patients in the hospital.

● Midwives – child delivery assistant.
● Pharmacist – a person who is professionally qualified to prepare
and dispense medicinal drugs.

After knowing who are the health care professionals, the next question is
where can we find them?

II. Healthcare Facilities

Healthcare facilities are places or institutions that offer healthcare
services. (Meeks, et.al 2011)

Different types of healthcare facilities A. Hospital

- An institution where people undergo medical diagnosis, care,
and treatment.
- Offers different types of medical care like inpatient or
outpatient.
Inpatient care refers to care given to individuals who need to
stay inside the hospital to receive proper treatment, monitoring
and care.
 Outpatient care refers to treatment that does not require the
individual to stay inside the hospital.
Different kinds of hospital

⮚ Private hospitals are operated by individuals to gain profit.

⮚ Voluntary hospital does not require profit because it is owned by
a community or organization.
⮚ Government and/or public hospitals are being run by the state
and the treatment fees are subsidized.
⮚ Teaching hospital includes a school for medical students.

Philippines Two Classifications of Hospitals

General hospital has complete medical, surgical, and maternal care
facilities and equipment.
▪ Philippine General Hospital
▪ Baguio General Hospital
▪ Cebu General hospital
▪ Davao Medical center

Special Hospitals handle a particular type of disease or condition or

deal with only one type of patient.

▪ Philippine Heart Center

▪ Lung Center of the Philippines
▪ National Kidney Transplant Institute

B. Walk-in Surgery Center - it is a facility that offers surgery

without the patient being admitted in the hospital.
C. Health Centers – the services in the health center caters to a
specific population with various health needs.
D. Extended Healthcare Facility- A facility that provides nursing
care, treatment, and residential services to the patients, often the
elderly.

III. Healthcare plan/Health insurance

▪ is a financial agreement between an individual or group for the
payment costs (Payne, et.al. 2005)
▪ “protection that provides benefits for sickness and injury” (Meek. Et.al
2011)

Various types of coverage

● Medical insurance pays for the fees of medical professionals,

laboratory tests, and prescription drugs.
 ● Major medical insurance offers long term payment for long-term
and chronic diseases as such AIDS.
● Hospitalization insurance pays for the stay of the patient in the
hospital
● Surgical insurance pays for the surgery of the patient.
● Disability insurance provides financing for the members who
meet accidents or suffer from illnesses.
Health insurance may be sourced from public or private companies.
Public Health Insurance
PhilHealth
▪ As mandated by law in the country, employees of public and private
companies avail of PhilHealth.
▪ It requires a small monthly contribution from its members.
▪ These contributions are saved and used for the medical care
needed by a PhilHealth member.
Private Health Insurance
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)-

▪ Is a healthcare provider that offers medical services that are availed

through prepaid amounts of money.
▪ The difference between HMO and other insurance companies is that
it hires its own healthcare professionals and healthcare practitioners.
How can health services/health providers be evaluated?
The efficiency of healthcare can be identified, categorized, and
evaluated in various measures. Study the following criteria as a measure
of quality to be able to select wisely.

I- importance – is the health service important and efficient?

S- cientifically sound – has the service been assessed by experts in the
field?

A- actionable- can the information be translated to action?

F- easible – art the actions and cost reasonable and realistic.
I. Healthcare Providers
Match the type of physicians in Column 1 with the area of their
specialization in Column 2. Write the letter of your answer before each
number.

Column 1 Column 2

___ 1. Dentist A. Male Reproductive organ

___ 2. Geriatrician B. children and their diseases
___ 3. Pediatrician C. Skin
___ 4. Urologist D. Lungs
___ 5. Pulmonologist E. Heart
___ 6. Dermatologist F. Teeth and mouth
___ 7. Gastroenterologist G. Eyes
___ 8. Gynecologist H. Female Reproductive organ
___ 9. Cardiologist I. Old person
___ 10. Ophthalmologist J. Intestines and tubes of the body
K. Neurologist

II. Read the following items carefully and write what is being asked.
Choose the answer in a box
A. specialty hospital B. walk in surgery C. In patient care
D. cardiologist E. Hospital F. Public hospital
F. PhilHealth G. Pediatrician H. Private Hospital I.
Major Medical Insurance

1. It is a kind of hospital that handles a particular kind of disease or condition or deals

with only one type of patient.
2. It is a healthcare facility that offers surgery without the patient being admitted in
the hospital.
3. It refers to care given to individuals who need to stay inside the hospital to receive
proper treatment, monitoring and care.
4. It is the health service provider that specializes in the heart.
5. It is the institution where people undergo medical diagnosis, care, and treatment.
6. It is a kind of hospital that is run by the government and treatment fees are
subsidized.
7. It is the healthcare plan that is controlled by the Philippine government to create a
universal health care coverage for the Filipinos.
8. It is the health service provider that specializes in children and their illnesses.
9. It is a kind of hospital that is operated by individuals to gain profit.
10. It is a type insurance that offers long-term payment for long-term and chronic
diseases.

Lesson Heath Fraud and

2 Quackery
Health fraud is any advertisement, promotion, or sale of products and
services that have not been scientifically proven safe and effective. Most of the
time, these health products claim that:
1. The product is already scientifically proven.
2. The product has secret ingredients that makes it more effective.
3. It can cure more than one illness and that is being used for a long
time.

Quack- is an individual or a company that has no qualification to practice

medicine but tries to appear scientific and professional.

Quackery is a form of health fraud. It is a nonsense approach that often

uses unproven products or services to gain profit.

Three forms of quackery

1. Medical
quackery- includes medicine
that cannot really cure and
some procedures that are said
to be effective but are useless.
Medical quackery also includes
fake doctors or quack doctors
who claim miraculous medical
procedure or treatment.
2. Nutritional
quackery – involves false claims in food products including
vitamins and practices that are said to be natural.
3. Device quackery – uses miraculous
products or miraculous gadgets that claim to cure certain health conditions.

Three characteristics of health fraud (Schaler and Carroll,

undated)
1. First, it is a big business. A huge amount of money is spent on
fraudulent health products and services.
2. Second, it multiplies and spreads fast.
 3. Lastly, it thrives on individuals who are diagnosed with illnesses
that are known with no cure.
In evaluating any health products and information always look for:
1. CREDIBILITY (source and date of information) ●
Who or what is the source of the information/products?
● Is it qualified?
● Is the information updated?
2. CONTENT (accuracy and completeness of information)
● Is the information about the product complete or
correct?
● Is it based in science?
● Did it include the limitation, purpose, scope authority and currency of
the information?
● Does the label contain directions and storage, warnings and expiration
date or product date?
3. DISCLOSURE (purpose and caveat of information)
● Is the purpose of the giving the information indicated?
● Is it for marketing purposes or for disseminating information?
4. INTERACTIVITY (exchange of information between the seller and the
consumer)
● Can the consumer ask questions from the source?
● Is it possible to give feedback or comment and suggestion to the
service or to the products?

Who are the usual victims of health fraud?

1. Children and teenagers

2. Elders
3. Poor
4. Individual with severe illnesses
Activity 2: Jumbled Letters

Directions: Rearrange the letters to from the word that is being described in
the statement. Write the correct word after the jumbled letters.

1. RYQEUKA –
- It is the promotion of false or unproven health products and services
for a profit.
2. RITNVEICTYTAI –
- It tells about the feedback, mechanism and mean of information
exchange between the source and the consumer.
3. CBRIYDLEIIT –
- This tells about the source and recency of the information.
4. TCENONT –
- This tells about the accuracy, disclaimer, and completeness of
information.
5. DISCLOSURE –
- This tells about the purpose and caveat of information.

Activity 3: Modified true or false

Direction: Read each statement carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is
correct but if it is false, change the underlined word or group of words
to make the statement true.
__________1. Quack is a form of health fraud.
__________2. Children and teenagers are usually victims of fraud because
they mostly believe everything in social media.
__________3. Nutritional quackery refers to medicines or procedures that are
claimed to be effective and scientifically proven.
__________4. Quack is a person that is not qualified to perform any medical
procedure.
_________5. Health fraud is any advertisement, promotion, or sale of products
that have not been scientifically proven.

A. Food Quackery B. Credibility G. Disclosure

B. Device Quackery E. medical Quackery H. Quack
C. Nutritional Quackery
1. This tells about the feedback, mechanism, and means of information
exchange between the source and consumer.
2. It is a form of quackery that involves promotion of food, and other
nutritional practices that claim to be all-natural.
3. This tells about the source and recency of information.
4. It is the person that uses health fraud which usually tries hard to appear
scientific for the consumers to believe.
5. It is a form of quackery that includes cure, treatments, and remedies of
various health conditions that are drugless or bloodless in nature.
6. This tells about the accuracy, disclaimers, and completeness of the
information.
7. It is a form of quackery that makes use of miraculous gadgets that are
believed to cure certain health conditions.
8. This tells about the purpose and caveat of the information.
9. This is one of the criteria in evaluating health information and products
that tells about the source and recency of the information.
10. There are different forms of quackery. Which of the following is NOT
a form of quackery?

I. TRUE OR FALSE:
Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if not. Write your answer
on the space provided before the number.
_______1. Checking the source of information will help you know if the
product is fraud.
_______2. In quackery, the seller tries to prove scientific claims for the
consumers to believe it.
_______3. Children and teenagers are the most vulnerable victims of fraud
because of social media.
_______4. Quackery is the promotion of false and unproven health products
and services for a profit.
_______5. Consultation in a professional doctor is part of quackery