Report

Writing &
Computers
in Research

Dr. P. Muthupandi
Associate Professor
Department of Education, CDOE
Madurai Kamaraj University
Madurai - 625021
 What is Proposal?
✓ Is a request for financial assistance to implement a project.
✓ It outlines the plan of the implementing the project.
✓ It provides the intention of the project.
✓ Is a document which you present to potential sponsors or clients to receive
funding or get your project approved.
✓ Is a detailed description of a series of activities aimed at solving a certain
problem.
✓ Good research proposals both give an overview of the project and a well
informed discussion of the nuts and bolts of the proposed research
Project Life Cycle
 Proposal should…..
✓ provide a logical presentation of a research idea

✓ illustrate the significance of the idea

✓ show the idea's relationship to past actions

✓ articulate the activities for the proposed project

✓ Connects with current literature

✓ Aware of strengths and limitations of your proposed approach

✓ Be Ethical
Proposal Writing
Converting the plan
into
project document
Structure of a Proposal
1. Executive Summary 1. Table of contents
2. Organization description 2. Title
3. Project background 3. Aims & Objectives
4. Problem statement 4. Introduction to the
5. Goal and objectives research topic
6. Beneficiaries 5. Literature review
7. Proposed methodology 6. Research design
8. Budget 7. Ethical considerations
9. Monitoring and 8. Conclusions &
Evaluation recommendations
10.Sustainability 9. Bibliography
11. Annexes
S S
1 2
Structure of a Proposal
1. Introduction 1. Title of the proposed
2. Background of the study project
3. Objectives of the project 2. Domain & Sub Domain
4. Methodology 3. Duration of the project
5. Month /Year wise plan 4. Abstract
of work 5. Introduction
6. Financial Assistance 6. Review of related studies
7. Certificate from 7. Research Gap
Competent authority 8. Innovativenes in the
8. Declaration proposed project
9. Expected outputs
S 10.Relevance of the study
3 11.Budget Proposed
S
4
Structure of a Proposal
1. Front Page 1. Introduction and
2. Project Title conceptual framework
3. Abstract/Summary 2. Review of Related
4. Context Literature
5. Project Justification 3. Methodology and Tool
Design
6. Target Group
4. Data Analysis
7. Project Implementation
5. Findings, Interpretations,
8. Monitoring and
and Suggestions
Evaluation
9. Management and
Personnel
S S
5 6
Guideline for Effective Proposal
Logic checklist:
o Don’t leave a problem unsolved
o Don’t identify outcomes that do not
correspond to a problem
o Don’t identify outcomes for which you don’t
have a solution
o Don’t propose activities that are not related to
problems and outcomes
o Don’t list human resources that don’t match
the outcomes you aim to achieve
Guideline for Effective Proposal
Editing and Layout:
Pay attention to the language:
✓Use simple language
✓ Use future tenses
✓Be concise and logical
✓Avoid spelling mistakes
✓Find a catchy title
APA (American Psychological Association) Citation Format
Chapters in Research

• Chapter I
(Introduction and conceptual framework)
– Introduction
– Conceptual framework
– Need for the study
– Statement of the problem
– Operational Definitions
– Objectives
– Hypotheses
– Limitations and delimitations
 Delimitation and Limitation

• Delimitation
– Narrowing down consciously and purposefully is called as
delimitation.

• Limitation
– It is practical constraints. A think which is expected of but
not done because of time, participation and denial
permission to collect to data.
Chapters in Research
• Chapter II
(Review of Related Literature)
– Introduction to Review
– Classification of Review
– Indian Studies
– Foreign Studies
– Critical review
Chapters in Research
• Chapter III
(Methodology and Tool Design)
– Introduction to Methodology
– Method opted in the present study
– Significance of the opted method
– Population and sample
– Sample distribution (With Bar or Bie Diagrame)
– Tool Design, scoring procedure
– Reliability, validity and Item Analysis of the tool (if the tool is hired, acknolodge)
– Statistical techniques used with formula
Chapters in Research
• Chapter IV
(Data Analysis)
– Introduction
– Hypotheses testing(Tables)
– Whether accept or not accept
Chapters in Research

• Chapter V
(Findings, Interpretations,
and Suggestions)
– Introduction
– Findings of the study
– Interpretation
– Recommendations
– Suggestions for further research
– Conclusion
Text Formatting
• Always choose an easily readable typeface (Times New Roman is just
one example)
• Font Size : between 11 and 13 points
• Line Spacing : 1.5
• Margine : 1 inch all the 4 sides
• Page Number : at top right
• Table Numbers and Figure Numbers
Thank you