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Week 3 Lesson 1 (Day 1-4)

I. CURRICULUM CONTENT, STANDARDS, AND LESSON COMPETENCIES
A. Content The Learners demonstrate an understanding of the
Standards computer number systems
B. Performance
Standards

C. Learning Differentiate the various computer number systems

Competenci
es
II. CONTENT:
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
Department of Education. “MATATAG Curriculum in TLE-7
A. References ICT.” Accessed July 6, 2024.

B. Other
Learning
Resources
IV. TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCEDURES
Day 1
Before/Pre-Lesson Proper

"Good day, class! I hope you're all energized today—

because we’re about to dive into something cool and
creative!

I have a quick question—how do we usually count numbers?

Yes, we go from 0 to 9, and then what comes next? That’s
right—10! We’re so used to it that we don’t even think about
Activating Prior it."
Knowledge
(Wait for students to answer: “10!”)

"Exactly! We’re so used to this system that we don’t even

think about it. But here’s the twist—did you know this is just
one way to count? It’s called the decimal system, and it
uses 10 digits: 0 to 9."

Lesson "Today, we’ll learn about number systems—and not just the
Purpose/Intention ones we use daily. Did you know that computers speak in a
different number language? We'll discover that today."

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 Before we proceed to our lesson proper, let us define first
the following terminologies:
1. Number System - A way to represent and express
numbers.
2. Base - The number of unique digits (including 0) a
Lesson Language number system uses.
Practice 3. Digits - The symbols used in a number system.
4. Decimal - The number system we use every day. It is
based on 10 digits: 0 to 9.

During/Lesson Proper
"The decimal number system is also called base-10. It uses
Reading the Key
10 digits: 0 through 9."
Idea/Stem

 Show this example on the board:

123 = (1 × 10²) + (2 × 10¹) + (3 × 10⁰)
Developing
Understanding of
Explain the place value: “Each position represents a power
the Key Idea/Stem
of 10. Computers don’t do this. They use something different
—which we’ll learn tomorrow!”

Deepening Student Activity:

Understanding of  Ask students to break down numbers like 456 or 709
the Key Idea/Stem into expanded form using base-10 place values.

After/Post-Lesson Proper
Making “Decimal is the number system we use every day. But in
Generalizations computing, we have to use other number systems that help
and Abstractions computers store and process data more efficiently.”
Evaluating Short quiz:
Learning
Instructions: Read each question carefully and choose the
best answer.

1. While solving a math problem, James notices that

numbers like 0, 1, 2, up to 9 are always used.

What is the base of the decimal number system?

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 A. Base 2
B. Base 8
C. Base 10
D. Base 12

2. Ana is writing a number using the decimal system. She

runs out of digits after 9.
How many digits are used in the decimal system?
A. 9
B. 10
C. 12
D. 8

3. A shopkeeper writes ₱345 on a price tag. Your teacher

asks you to expand this number using place value.
What is the correct expansion?
A. 300 + 40 + 5
B. 3 + 40 + 50
C. 345 + 0 + 0
D. 3 × 10 + 4 × 10 + 5 × 10

4. Luis says that in the number 507, the digit 0 has no value.
Is Luis correct? Why or why not?
A. Yes, because 0 means nothing.
B. No, 0 holds the tens place and shows there are no tens.
C. Yes, 0 can be removed without changing the value.
D. No, 0 increases the value of the number.

5. In a number like 1,234, each digit has a different value

based on where it is placed.
What is the value of the digit 2 in the number 1,234?
A. 20
B. 200
C. 2
D. 2,000

Additional
Activities for
Application or
Remediation (if
applicable)
Remarks
Reflection

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Day 2
Before/Pre-Lesson Proper
"Good day, class! I hope you're all energized today—
because we’re about to dive into something cool and
creative!

Activating Prior
"Yesterday we talked about the decimal system. Today,
Knowledge
we’re diving into the world of computers. Computers can’t
talk, but they can count! Do you know how? They only use
two digits—0 and 1."

“Alright, class! Today’s lesson will take us deeper into the

world of computers—but not through games or apps.
Instead, we’ll discover the special number languages that
computers understand and use to work.

You already know our everyday number system—the

decimal system—but computers don’t use that. Instead,
they use binary, which only has two digits: 0 and 1! It may
seem simple, but it’s incredibly powerful.
Lesson Then, there’s another system called octal, which uses eight
Purpose/Intention digits—from 0 to 7. It’s like a shortcut or a bridge between
binary and the decimal system we’re familiar with.

By the end of this session, you should be able to:

1. explain the structure and purpose of binary and octal
number systems;
2. convert numbers between binary, octal, and decimal
systems accurately; and
3. evaluate and present how binary and octal systems
are applied in real-life digital tools.

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 “Before we dive into the lesson, let’s practice some new
words you’ll hear a lot today. These words are part of the
language computers speak—so we need to speak it too!”

1. Binary
“Say this with me: Binary means base-2. It uses only
0 and 1.”
➤ (Repeat twice with class. Use hand gestures to
emphasize 0 and 1.)
Lesson Language 2. Bit
Practice “A bit is short for binary digit. Say it with me: A bit is
the smallest unit of data in a computer.”
➤ (Show a single switch image ON/OFF to help
visualize.)
3. Base-2
“Binary is also called base-2. That’s because it only
has two digits. Say this: Base-2 means the number
system with only 0 and 1.”

During/Lesson Proper

"The binary system is used by computers. It’s a base-2

system using only the digits 0 and 1."

Reading the Key

"The binary system is a type of number system used by
Idea/Stem
computers. But here's the catch – it only uses two digits: 0
and 1. This is why it’s called a base-2 system."

Developing Teacher Demonstrates:

Understanding of
the Key Idea "Let's take a look at the decimal system, the system we use
every day. We have ten digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.
That’s why it's called a base-10 system."
 "But in the binary system, we only have two
digits: 0 and 1. So, all numbers and information
in computers are represented using just these
two digits."

Visual Aid: Show a simple conversion of decimal to binary:

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  Decimal 1 = Binary 1
 Decimal 2 = Binary 10
 Decimal 3 = Binary 11
 Decimal 4 = Binary 100

Example: Convert binary to decimal:

1011 = (1×2³) + (0×2²) + (1×2¹) + (1×2⁰) = 8 + 0 +
2 + 1 = 11

Group Activity:
Deepening  Convert these binary numbers to decimal:
Understanding of 1001, 110, 1110
the Key Idea/Stem
Use a worksheet or flashcards
After/Post-Lesson Proper
Making “Binary is the language of computers. Every photo, video, or
Generalization message gets translated into 0s and 1s.”
Evaluating
Learning Instructions: Read each situation carefully. Answer based
on what you’ve learned about binary numbers and their use
in technology.

1. When programming a robot, Mia noticed that all

commands were written using only 0s and 1s. She asked her
teacher why the code looked so simple.
What is the base of the binary number system?
A. Base 1
B. Base 2
C. Base 8
D. Base 10

2. A tech teacher writes the binary number 1001 on the

board. He asks students to imagine it as a digital signal sent
to a machine.
What is the decimal equivalent of 1001?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 9
D. 11

3. Ella read that computers use binary code to function. She

wonders why such a limited system is used instead of
regular numbers like 1 to 9.

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 Why do computers use binary?
A. It uses fewer digits.
B. It is easier for people to read.
C. Computers can only understand signals with two states:
ON and OFF.
D. It helps save electricity.

Scan the QR code to enhance your skill

in converting Binary numbers to
Additional Decimal number. You may use your
Activities cellphone or tablet.

Remarks

Reflection

Day 3
Before/Pre-Lesson Proper

"Good day, class! Yesterday, we learned that computers use

the binary system, which only uses two digits: 0 and 1. We
also know that we, as humans, typically use the decimal
system, which uses 10 digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9."

"Now, here’s a question for you. If we already have a

Activating Prior
number system that uses 10 digits (decimal) and one that
Knowledge
uses 2 digits (binary), what do you think comes next? Can
you guess what the next number system might look like?"

"From 10 digits (decimal) to 2 digits (binary)... now we meet

a system that uses 8 digits! Let’s talk about the octal
system, which is also used in computer coding and
memory."
Lesson "Great guesses! Today, we are going to talk about the octal
Purpose/Intention system. The word 'octal' comes from 'oct,' which means
eight. So, what do you think? How many digits are in the

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 octal system?"
Wait for responses.

"That’s right! The octal system uses 8 digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,

6, and 7."

By the end of this session, you should be able to:

1. recall and describe the basic structure and digit range
of the decimal (base-10) and binary (base-2) number
systems;
2. identify the octal number system as a base-8 system
by recognizing its digit range (0–7); and
3. explain how the octal number system is applied in
computer coding, and demonstrate its connection to
binary.
Before we proceed to our lesson proper, let us define first
the following terminologies:
Lesson Language 1. Octal - A number system that uses eight digits: 0 to
Practice 7.
2. Base-8 - Another name for the octal system; it
means the system is based on eight unique digits.
During/Lesson Proper
Reading the Key “Alright, class. Let’s take a look at today’s key idea. I’ll read
Idea/Stem it first, and then we’ll read it together.”

(Reads clearly and with emphasis)

“Now, all together, let’s read it aloud.”

(Students repeat after the teacher, reading in unison)
“The octal number system is base-8 and uses the digits 0 to
7.”

“Let’s break that down so we understand it better.”

 ‘Octal’ – What word does that sound like? Yes, like
octagon! And how many sides does an octagon have?
Eight! So, ‘octal’ means eight.
 ‘Base-8’ – That tells us this number system is built on
eight digits.
 And what are those digits? Let’s say them together: 0,
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Notice — there’s no 8 or 9.

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 “Who can tell me how many digits are used in the decimal
system?”
(Wait for students to respond: Ten, from 0 to 9.)
“Correct! And how about binary?”
(Two — 0 and 1.)

“So now, we’re adding a new system to our learning — octal,

which uses eight digits. This system is important in
computer coding because it helps simplify long binary
numbers.”

Wrap-up question:
“Can someone say our key idea in their own words?”
(Call on 1-2 students to rephrase or summarize.)

Teacher’s Reinforcement:
“Excellent! Keep that key idea in mind as we explore how
octal and binary work together. Great reading, everyone!”

Developing “Now that we’ve read the key idea — that the octal number
Understanding of system is base-8 and uses digits from 0 to 7 — let’s
the Key Idea understand how we can convert an octal number to a
decimal number.”

 (Teacher writes on the board or shows on a slide):

Octal 175 = (1×8²) + (7×8¹) + (5×8⁰)

“Here’s our octal number: 175. Each digit in an octal number

has a place value based on powers of 8, just like in decimal
where place values are based on powers of 10.”
“Let’s break it down:”
 “The first digit, 1, is in the ‘hundreds’ place in octal —
but instead of 100, it’s 8², which is 64.”
 “The next digit, 7, is in the ‘eights’ place — that’s 8¹,
which is 8, and 7 times 8 is 56.”
 “The last digit, 5, is in the ‘ones’ place — that’s 8⁰,
and anything to the zero power is 1, so 5 times 1 is
5.”

(Teacher writes):

(1×64) + (7×8) + (5×1) = 64 + 56 + 5 = 125

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 “So, Octal 175 is equal to Decimal 125.”
Ask Students:
 “What did we multiply each digit by?”
o (Expected answer: Powers of 8)
 “What do we always start with when multiplying —
the leftmost or rightmost digit?”
o (Expected answer: Rightmost digit is 8⁰, then
move left.)
Let’s Practice Together: “Let’s try another one: Convert
Octal 21 to Decimal.”
(Guide students through):
 2 × 8¹ = 16
 1 × 8⁰ = 1
 Total = 17
Teacher: “Awesome! Octal 21 equals Decimal 17.”

Deepening “Great job on our conversion examples so far! Now, let’s

Understanding of deepen our understanding of the key idea through group
the Key Idea/Stem work.”

Restate Key Idea: “Remember: The octal number system is

base-8 and uses the digits 0 to 7. To convert from octal to
decimal, we multiply each digit by powers of 8 depending on
its place value, then add them all up.”

Group Activity Instructions (10–15 minutes)

Teacher:

“I’m going to divide you into small groups. Each group will
be assigned the same three octal numbers: 12, 77, and 35.
Your task is to work together to convert them to decimal
form. Here’s a quick reminder of the process:”
 Start with the rightmost digit (this is multiplied by 8⁰)
 Move left to the next digit (this is multiplied by 8¹)
 Then add the results
Here are your tasks:
1. Convert Octal 12
2. Convert Octal 77
3. Convert Octal 35

Conversion Help Chart (optional to display on board):

Expanded Decimal
Octal
Form Result

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 (1 × 8¹) + (2 ×
12 ?
8⁰)
(7 × 8¹) + (7 ×
77 ?
8⁰)
(3 × 8¹) + (5 ×
35 ?
8⁰)

“You can write the expanded form, do the multiplication,

and solve for the decimal answer. Work as a team and
assign roles—someone to write, someone to explain, and
someone to present later.”

After/Post-Lesson
Proper
“Now that we’ve learned how octal works and practiced
converting it to decimal, let’s step back and make a
generalization based on what we’ve discovered.”
Teacher writes or displays: 🧠 Generalization:
“Octal is useful in computing because it simplifies long
binary numbers and makes them easier to read and work
with.”
Teacher:
“In other words, octal acts like a shortcut for binary. Since
every 3 binary digits can be grouped into 1 octal digit,
programmers often use octal to save time and avoid errors
when reading or writing long binary codes.”
Example: Binary: 111 101 001
Making Octal: 751
Generalization
Teacher asks:
 “Why might a programmer choose octal instead of
binary?”
o (Expected answer: Because it’s shorter and
easier to read.)
 “Can octal replace binary completely?”
o (Expected answer: Not really — it just helps
simplify it.)
Teacher’s Reinforcement:
“So the big idea is this: Octal doesn’t replace binary, but it
helps us handle it better—just like how we use shortcuts in
math or apps to make things easier.”

Evaluating Instructions: Read each situation carefully. Choose the

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 best answer.

1. Jalen is learning how digital systems like computers store

and read information. His teacher introduces the octal
system and says it uses base-8.
What does “base-8” mean in the octal system?
A. It uses digits from 0 to 8
B. It uses 8 symbols, from 0 to 7
C. It multiplies every number by 8
D. It skips numbers 1 and 2

2. Ella reads the number 45 written in octal and is curious

what it would look like in the decimal system. She breaks it
down like this: (4 × 8¹) + (5 × 8⁰).
Learning
What is the correct decimal equivalent of octal 45?
A. 49
B. 36
C. 40
D. 53

3. During a tech fair, students are challenged to list the only

digits allowed in the octal system. Some include the number
8 by mistake.
Which set correctly shows the digits used in octal?
A. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
B. 1 to 8
C. 0 to 9
D. 2, 4, 6, 8
Additional
Activities
Remarks
Reflection
Day 4
Before/Pre-Lesson Proper
"This is our final day for number systems! Today we’ll try to
convert between systems—binary to decimal, decimal to
octal, and more. Let’s see how much we’ve learned."
Activating Prior Review Keywords:
Knowledge  Binary (Base-2)
 Decimal (Base-10)
 Octal (Base-8)

Lesson By the end of this session, you should be able to:

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 1. define and differentiate between binary (base-2),
decimal (base-10), and octal (base-8) number
systems;
Purpose/Intention 2. convert numbers accurately between binary and
decimal, and decimal and octal; and
3. explain the importance of number system conversions
in real-life digital applications
Before we proceed to our lesson proper, let us define first
the following terminologies:
A number system with base-2 that
Binary
uses only two digits: 0 and 1.
The base-10 number system that
Decimal uses digits from 0 to 9. It is the
system we use every day.
A number system with base-8 that
Octal
uses digits from 0 to 7.
The process of changing a number
Conversion
from one number system to another.
A single number symbol used in a
Digit number system, like 0–9 in decimal or
Lesson Language
0–1 in binary.
Practice
The number of different digits a
Base number system uses. Example: Binary
has base-2.
Short for Binary Digit, it is the
Bit
smallest unit of data in a computer.
The value of a digit based on its
Place Value
position in the number.
A method to convert binary to octal
Group of 3 Rule by grouping binary digits in sets
of 3.
A method used to convert decimal to
Divide-and-
binary or decimal to octal by
Remainder
dividing and writing the remainders.
During/Lesson Proper
Quick Recap and Comparison Chart:
Reading the Key Number Binary Octal Decimal
Idea/Stem 5 101 5 5
10 1010 12 10
15 1111 17 15

Developing Guided Activity: Teacher walks through 2–3 full examples

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 with the class:
 Convert binary to decimal
Understanding of
 Convert decimal to binary
the Key Idea
 Convert decimal to octal

Tips:
Deepening  Binary to Octal? Group bits by 3.
Understanding of  Decimal to Binary? Divide by 2 and write the
the Key Idea/Stem remainders.

After/Post-Lesson
Proper
“Different systems help us communicate with computers in
the language they understand. We can convert between
Making these systems to solve problems and write codes.”
Generalization

Evaluating Create a mini cheat sheet with conversion rules and example conversions.
✅ Mini Cheat Sheet Rubric (Conversion Rules and Examples)
Learning Criteria Excellent (4 Good (3 pts) Fair (2 pts) Needs
pts) Improvement
(1 pt)
Accuracy of All rules are Most rules are Some rules are Rules are
Rules complete and accurate with present but with mostly missing
accurate. minor errors. major errors. or inaccurate.
Example At least 3 2 correct 1 correct No correct or
Conversions correct examples for example for relevant
examples for each system. each system. examples
each system. given.
Clarity and Clear layout, Generally clear Hard to read in Poorly written
Neatness neat and neat with parts; or difficult to
handwriting, minor organization understand.
well-organized formatting needs
presentation. issues. improvement.
Completenes Covers Binary- Covers at least Covers only 1 Incomplete or
s Decimal, 2 types of type of lacks required
Decimal-Binary, conversions. conversion. parts.
and Decimal-
Octal.
Creativity Creative design Some design Minimal design Plain and lacks
(color, visuals, effort shown. effort. any effort at
layout enhances creativity.
learning).

B. Instructions: Read each situation/question carefully and choose the best

answer or solve the conversion.

1. A student is writing a number that only uses 1s and 0s. Which number system is
being used?
A. Decimal
B. Binary
C. Octal
D. Roman

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Answer: B

2. Which of the following is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 1101?
A. 12
B. 13
C. 14
D. 15

Answer: B

3. If a number in octal is 17, what is its value in decimal?

A. 14
B. 15
C. 16
D. 17

Answer: B (1×8 + 7 = 15)

4. Why do computers use binary numbers?

A. Binary numbers are easier to understand.
B. Binary numbers are faster to read.
C. Computers use switches that are either ON or OFF.
D. Binary numbers look more professional.

Answer: C

5. A student groups the binary number 101101 as 101 and 101 to convert to octal.
What is the octal result?
A. 65
B. 55
C. 45
D. 25

Answer: B (101 = 5, 101 = 5 → Octal: 55)

6. What is the base of the decimal number system?

A. 2
B. 8
C. 10
D. 16

Answer: C

7. Convert 1000 (binary) to decimal.

A. 4
B. 6
C. 8
D. 10

Answer: C

8. What digits are used in the octal system?

A. 0 to 9
B. 0 to 1
C. 0 to 7
D. 1 to 8

Answer: C

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 9. A student divides 18 repeatedly by 2 and writes down the remainders as 10010.
What did the student do?
A. Converted binary to octal
B. Multiplied a binary number
C. Converted decimal to binary
D. Solved a logic puzzle

Answer: C

10. Which number below is definitely binary?

A. 203
B. 1001
C. 718
D. 258

Answer: B (Binary numbers only use 0 and 1)

Additional
Activities

Remarks

Reflection

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