Wixizeys) ANALYTIC see 2 n rN 3d ae YOUR ULTIMATE NEET REVISION PARTNER od * a Rete See net ferent mete Petree barter eel — —_MEDSCHOOLFILMS‘opic Newton's Laws, Free-Body Diagrams, Friction, Circular force. 2.Second Law: Force is the rate of cha of momentum} 3.Third Law: Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. 1.First Law (Law of Inertia): A body ‘remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external LAWS OF MOTION 1. Tension inthe String +3 A block of mass 2 eg is suspended by a string in = ON ee an elevator moving upward with an acceleration =S68Ni of 2 mis. Find the tension in the string. N=emg ‘Ans Using Newton's Second Law, we ean i" = 10 kg * 9.8 mis write: T-mg = ma, “se T=m@+a =2 kg (9.8 mist +2 mis) ete = 2kg (11.8 mis?) =02*98N =23.6N 19.6N Acceleration of the Block Eporonsta aiay A block of mass 10 kg is being pulled on a horizontal - f)/ m horizontal surface with a force of 100 N at an = (86.6N- 19.6N)/ 10g oe or Stato Friction: Fs < y_s *n{fmle of 30° to the horizontal. If u = 02, find the = 67N/10kg 2. Limiting Static Friction : Fs = p.s*N Kinetic Friction 1. Kinetic Friction :F_k = pk *N Angle of Repose Fe=(mv)/r Fe=mutr ‘pulleys and string 4: Acceleration in Pulley Systems ‘a= (m1 =z) *g/ (m1 + m2) ‘5. Work-Energy Theorem W = AKE 1. Angle of Repose: @ = tan”(-1) (y_s) ‘Gireular Motion and Centripetal Force: {tension Tis uniform in a massless string ‘acceleration of the block. = 6.7 mist Ane: F porizontal = F* cos(®) Toca key mistakes = 100 N 068 ieee 1. Miscalculating normal force = 10kg* 9.8m when forces act at an angle. 2. Forgetting to resolve forces into horizontal and vertical aoa a 3. Assuming the same = 67m) acceleration in pulley problems without analyzing ‘Two masses, m; = 5 kg and m, = 3 kg, are the system properly. connected by a string passing over a frictionless pulley. Find the acceleration of the system, Incorrectly applying m's Third Law in action- reaction problems.THERMODYNAMICS ind i cae nae ice at 0°C melts into water at 0°C. If Aisin thermal equilibrium with B and B is in thermal equilibrium withC | , then C and A are also in thermal Forgetting that AU = 0 in isothermal Processes. Using temperature in Celsius instead of Kelvin. 3. Work Done in Different Processes 3.Forgetting that entropy change is path- Isothermal Process dependent for irreversible processes. 300K. Find the work done (given nR =8.31 " JimotK) Ans: W=nRTin(VilVo) Vj=2L P.V,)/(y-D) ve=8L T=30K W= 3468.78 AR = 831 JimolK 2. Carnot engine operates between 500 K and Ans: 300 K. Find its efficiency. n=1-(Te/TH) =nRT In(V,JV;) = 2.303 nRT log(ValV;) W= (PV; - Polytropic Process W = (P,V; - PV.) /(n- 1) ¥ = adiabatic index (Cp/Cu) n = polytropic index ‘Te = Temperature of the cold reservoir (300 K) ‘Th = Temperature of the hot reservoir (500 K)ROTATIONAL MOTION 1. Misapplying Moment of Inertia Formulas For point masses : 1 = mr~2 For continuous object : I = mk*2 5. Angular Momentum & Its Conservation coe eel E=Ix@ =x Yo Ibn=la 3 hx wy =h Xu, © © a : “_ 2. Incorrect Use of tome 122M 1 Conservation Laws . Applying conservation of angular wie t=Lr? t= SMR momentum when external torque i © exists. O Mixing up rolling motion and pure oe cases. 2. Parallel Axis Theorem 3. Rolling Motion - Common =I + ma KE_total = (1/2)m v? + (1/2) 1 w? Errors - dis the distance between = Gm Forgetting the energy distribution in ir = (7/12)mv care in the dpps and test dur to lack of space rarxF=rxFxsin@) taIxa a: angular accelerationWORK, —_—— AND =— potenti! energy = mgh = 2kgx9.8 mis! 3 m= 58.8. 2. A block of mass 5 kg is attached to a horizontal, ‘massless spring of force constant 100 Nim. The block is displaced by 2 m from its equilibrium position and then released. What is the maximum kinetic energy of the block? Energy Kinetic Energy (KE) Pot. Energy (PE) KE=(12)*m*v PE=m"g*h work energy theore : W_net = AKE ‘work energy theorem : TE = PE + KE by 5 m. What is the work done? ‘Work done = Force x Displacement = 10Nx 1/2 detail ans will be provided in testwith a frequency of 500 Hz and a elength of 0.6 m, Find its speed, f_beat = |f: - fil frequency of first wave if the speed of sound is 340 mis. 3.Standing Waves in Strings & Pipes + fy=u/4l Nodes (N): Points of zero displa v= 340 mis Antinodes (A): Points of maximum L=50cm=05m displacement. Put the values and solve String fixed at both ends : f= Mi2L) = 12,34 2nd Harmonic: f2: 2v/2L open organ pipe : fr =m(VI2L) = 1,23 dow Closed organ pipe : one end close fr=(2n- Dual n= 1,2,3,4.0 4.Energy density in Waves Energy per unit volume U=(12)pwaz1, Stress : Force per unit area Stress = FIA of 200N . Calculate its elongation (1.1 Ans: x 10 11 Pa). F=200N - L=15m deformations. d= 1mm =0.001m Y= 11x 10711 Pa |. Ignoring the lateral strain Stress =E x Strain A= x (d/2)*2 in Poisson's ratio questions. =m X (0.001/2)*2 = 7.854 x 10°-7m~2 _| Now calculate stress, then by hookes 5 iM law calculate strain and then from |, Stress strain graph strain calculate elongation ans « re —i of 2 x 1075 Pa reduces its ate Ans: volume by 0.01.0 5. © = 1/2 xstress x strain Bee, =1/2XF/AXAL | L P=2x10°5Pa 's Ratio AVIV = 0.01— Past ques Level 14 in 10 years = a vara Newton's law of gravitation - a universal law : F = G (m1 m2) /r° ier 1. Forgetting to convert units = 6.67 x 10°(-7) Nm™2/ kg ~2 : ee (e.g., km to m). Gravitational Field: v= V(a* 6674" 107-11 "6.4" 1024/64" 1076) g=Fim=—=G"(M/r) seta tere Variation of intensity with height : . Two masses mi = Skg and m2 =10 kg separated Be R/R+ Ww? by distance of 2m . Gravitational force between = oe If, H< 6m GoM? mir 6.674* 10°-11 *6.4* 10°24 * 500/ 69° 106 U=-308" 107105 : Te2%r-3 ‘close to earth surface, we can assume r = R. T-2=(4e"2/(G*M) "ROS *¥R~3/G*M) = 29 (6-4 1076) 3 /(6874* 107-11 * 6.4* 10724) T= 50798 ‘The time period ofthe satelite is approximately 5079 seconds or LAL hours.2.The rise of water in a capillary tube of radius 0.5 mm is 2 cm. Find the surface tension of water. ( g = 9 be dea ot eae = cai eee *Di@ts* T=(h*p*g*n)/2 (0.02 m * 1000 kg/m> * 9.8 mis? * 0.0005 m) | 2 h = (2Te0s6) | (per) 0 = Contact Angle (in radians Buoyant force: FB = peV pre (where Vis the submerged volume), | #&/m”3 -Itis lating in water. What ‘The weight of the displaced water is ater * g * Vwater, and the weight of the wood is pwood * g * Vwood. Equating these, we get: ut = (2r(p- og /(9n))OSCILLATIONS 15 in 10 years 1.Equation of SHM x) =A sin(ut + 9) PE = (1/2)kx? Since total eng (E)= (1/2)kA%, Find k from here a= -wx Then PE at x= 3cm Acelebration is zero at mean position |) Then KE = Total Energy - Potential 2, Time Period and Frequency v= w V(A?- x) For a Spring-Mass System 2.The amplitude of a damped oscillator T = 2 Vimik) decreases to 1/4th in 2 minutes. How uch time will it take for amplitude to For a simple pendulum m T=2 Vig) become 1/16th? Note : It is better to skip such Berg mS Boies Total Energy (E): E = (1/2)kA? mathematics Kinetic Energy (KE): (1/2)k(A?~x) |) 3.A forced oscillator has a natural Potential Energy (PE): (1/2)kx? frequency of S Fz and is sul ‘4 bere Varetion to an external force of 6 Hz. What At mean position: KE is max, PE is zero. At extreme positions: PE is max, KEis zero) 4, vill be the effect on amplitude? If driving frequency # natural frequency, amplitude increases but is not maximu resistive forces. |) if driving frequency = natural frequency, al) resonance occurs, and amplitude becomes force matches natural frequency, maximum. zs Here, since 6 Hz # 5 Hz, no resonance occurs, but amplitude increases. displacement >~ A gas consists of a large number of = = Intermolecular ‘are negligible ; 2. Incorrect Unit Handling ania coors fa weer area Using grams instead of kg in speed : Vrms > Vaug > Vmps ; cohculations: Note : As most of pyqs are easy they have ) Not converting temperature to Kelvin. been taken care in dpp and test 2, Pressure of an Ideal Gas P= 1/3 pv~2= 1/3nmv_rms~2 3. Mistakes in Specific Heat Calculations Using the wrong degrees of freedom for the given gas. 3. Mean Free Path 0) ‘The average distance a molecule travels before colliding: A=KT/(v2*N*11*D*2P) na Le Dameani [3 se Bratonic [3 ge Bointonicird) + ae DPoyatomie |, ge Dhjatomicted) csr) onion ErMOTION IN STRAIGHT LINE Avg velocity : v + u/2 acceleration : v - u/2 disp in nth second : s=u +1/2 xa(2n-1) Relative speed = 150 kemih x (1000 m / 1 kam) x (1 h/ 3600 5 = 41.67 ‘The ttl stance rum of he eth of the ee PYQs L.A body covers 50 m in 5 seconds and the next 50 m in 2 seconds. Calculate its average speed. ins : Total distance = 50m + 50m = 100m. Total time = 5s+28=75 ‘Total stance = 100m + 100% = 2000 {ind the time taken forthe ans to cross each her ‘Time = Total distance | Relative spo = 200. / 41.67 mi 248) Average speed = Total distance | Total time < =10mi7s | key mistakes 514.29 mis_ Jl 1.Misinterpreting slopes and areas in graphs 2,An object is dropped from a height of 20 m. 2 Applying the wrong formula for non- Feta cae ae to che grec oe SE cnc nae se poe | f= lage 3.Forgetting to convert units (e.g., km/h n= 20mand g = 9.8 mist, we ean solve for: — 20= (12)0.8)0 weve = 20/049) 4.Errors in calculating time or distance in relative motion problems. 5. Misinterpreting slopes and areas in graphs 3.Two trains, each 100 m long, are moving in opposite directions with speeds of 60 km/h ‘cross each other completely.MOTION IN PLANE Addition and Subtraction of Vectors: 1.Paralle! Gram Low 1. Misinterpreting angle values in projectile The resultant vector R is equal tothe sum time of fight. ‘motion (e.g., using radians instead of of vectors A and B, and is represented by 220" in30)/9.8 degrees). the diagonal ofthe parallelogram formed 2*20*05)/98 : ica car 4 seconds f 2- Forgetting to resolve vectors into ‘components 2.Triangle LawTriangle Law ‘The resultant vector R is equal to the sum of vectors A and B, and is represented by the third side ofthe triangle formed bry A and B. (R =A+B) 3. Incorrect use of signs in relative motion. 4. Neglecting the direction of centripetal force in cireular motion problems. 5. Brrors in trigonometric calculations or approximations (e., 2.A boat moves across a river with a speed of Projectile motion. ‘mis, and the river flows at 3 m/s. Calculate maege R= (w* saz ig the resultant velocity of the boat. “Ans: use the Pythagorean theorem: 2eight maximum —-H= (ut *sine)/2Q) “non = veo boots v steer) Crossing river 3,Time offight © T= (@u*sind) © peste = V5: +33) Shecaeeteree] Time Taken to Cross the River 4.Horizontal Range ig indeed esd = Distance | Resultant Velocity —Kon moon Result Velocity (when boat and river flow are ‘River Boat Problems: Consider relative velocity '3~An object moves in a circle of radius 2 m ” we pees ‘ components in perpendicular directions. | with a speed of 10 ms. Find its centripetal re eee 1. "Downstream Speed: Speed of boat downstream Taken to Cross the River Downstream = (Boat Speed + Steam Speed) It downstream = Distance | (boat + v_river) 2 ‘Upsiream Speed Speed of bat upstream = ‘Goat Speed - Stream Speed) 3. "Time Taken to Cover a Distance Dounsreamt = Distance (Boat Speed + Steam Speed) Time Taken to Cross the River Upstream upstream = Distance | (v_boat - v_river) 4. “Time Taken to Cover a Distance Upstream = ~ Drift (distance drifted due to river flow) Distance | (Boat Speed - Stream Speed) Drift = v_river * t — {= time taken to cross the river Distance = width of the river resultant = resultant velocity v_boat = velocity of the boat v_river = velocity of the river Centripetal acceleration:v® |r = (41) | T= “Aguilar velocity : w= 2 /T=v/rTHERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER A cup of coffee at 90°C cools down to 80°C in 2 minutes when kept in a oe as of duga of iemeertatee ‘room at 30°C. How much time will it surrounding temp take to cool from 80°C to 70°C? Pyqs ims! dTidt= k (T - T surr) 1.0.5 kg metal block at 80°C is placed in| - i i ‘kg of water at 20°C. If t2=tI x T2- Tsurr/ TI - T surr temperature ic 25°C find the specie heat! Key mistakes 1. Calorimetry Errors Not applying heat lost = heat gained B= 2a 0.5 hg x cx x 55°C = hg x 4200 Jhkg-K x 5°C y= 763.64 Jeg K = Heat gained. "2A copper rod (thermal conductivity k1 |2- Conduction Miscalculations Water has high specific heat capacity | 7 JE HT ro or aunt rod (Ra | incorrectly adding thermal resistances in = 200 Wink) ‘equal length and cross- i pp cesi Eseat.Tronefr z 3, Radiation Confusion Conduetion temperature difference between their free | Using wrong temperature units Fourier’s Law: Q = (eAATY) | ends is 100°C, find the equilibrium (Ghould be Kelvin). temperature at the junction. Ans: ‘To find the equilibrium temperature (T) Convection: Heat transfer by bulk movement of molecules . |, the junction of two rods (copper and paeaen aluminum) with different thermal Stephens Law: Q = oACT*-75) | conductivities (e1 and k2), we use the Tp : Surrounding temp Wien's Pseeen ti net b 7 a b = Wien's displacement constant (approximately 2.8977685(51) x 10 m-K) formula: T= (BsTy + RsTs) | Ces + a) Given T; - T: = 100°C, we solve for T: T = 84.48°C.UNITS AND DIMENSIONS 1.The unit of energy inthe CCS sstemisere. | Rey mistakes Convert 1 Joule into erg a physical quantiyin tems ofbase quantities Ou. +]. Confusing dimensional formula with units os 00 “ re. |Ans; Ijoule= 10000000 (10~7 erg ) (eg., writing units instead of dimensions). 2.The frequency of oscillation of a stretched |] Forgetting to equate powers of all base — string depends on its length, mass per unit (Uantities (M, L, T) while deriving relations. ‘lala’ length , and tension . Derive the formula for] 3. Assuming dimensionless constants (lke, ) mpi frequency using dimensional analysis. ‘contribute to dimensions Amount of Substance (med F Ans: Frequency () = [T~-1] Length (L) = (L] 4. Misinterpreting or skipping conversion ‘Mass per uni length (y) = [ML*-1] factors between SI and CGS systems. Uses: ‘Tension (T) = [MLT ~-2] | ; a /we can derive the formula for frequency: |5. Applying dimensional analysis to equation 1, Conversion of Units: Use dimensional fe ven involving trigonometricilogarithmic function: f= (2b) * Voy) which are dimensionles: [3.Derive the expression for the time period of a simple pendulum using dimensional analysis ‘Time period (1) = [T] = Length (L) = (1) Aece due to gravity (g) = [LT -2] Using dimensional analysis, we can derive the expressionh for time period: Te vig) T= 20" Vie) Preece = 079) oo