The document outlines Socratic questioning techniques, categorized into six types: clarification, challenging assumptions, using evidence in arguments, exploring other viewpoints, considering consequences, and questioning the question. Each category includes specific questions designed to deepen understanding and provoke critical thinking. These techniques aim to enhance discussions by encouraging thorough examination of ideas and arguments.
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The document outlines Socratic questioning techniques, categorized into six types: clarification, challenging assumptions, using evidence in arguments, exploring other viewpoints, considering consequences, and questioning the question. Each category includes specific questions designed to deepen understanding and provoke critical thinking. These techniques aim to enhance discussions by encouraging thorough examination of ideas and arguments.
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Socratic questioning techniques
1 Clarification 2 Challenging assumptions 3 Using evidence in arguments
These questions will help you think more about Challenging assumptions will make you think Probe further into other people’s arguments exactly what you are asking or thinking about about the presuppositions and beliefs on which and challenge poorly thought through or weakly and prove the concepts behind your answers or your arguments are founded. understood arguments. argument. • Can you give me an example of that? • What else could we assume? • What evidence do you have for this? • Why do you say that? • You seem to be assuming…? • Is there reason to doubt this evidence? • What exactly does this mean? • How did you arrive at these assumptions? • How do you know this? • Can you explain further? • Please explain why/how...? • Can you support this with a reasoned • How does this relate to what we have • How can you verify or disprove that argument? been talking about? assumption? • What do you think causes…? • What do we already know about this? • What would happen if...? • Are these reasons good enough? • Can you give me an example? • Do you agree or disagree with...? • How might it be refuted? • Are you saying... or...? • On what authority are you basing your • Can you rephrase that, please? argument?
4 Exploring other viewpoints 5 Considering the 6 Questioning the question
Most arguments are given from a particular consequences You can also turn the question in on itself. Use position. Show that there are other, equally their attack against themselves, bounce the ball The argument that they give may have logical valid, viewpoints. back into their court, etc. implications that can be forecast. Do these • How else could you answer this? make sense? Are they desirable? • Why is… necessary? • What was the point of asking that • Then what would happen? question? • What is the difference between… and…? • What would happen if everyone did/ • Why do you think I asked this question? • What would… say about it? believed this? • Am I making sense? Why not? • How might a… answer this? • How could... be used to...? • What else might I ask? • What if you compared… with…? • What are the implications of...? • What does that mean? • What is the difference between... and...? • How does... affect...? • Why is this... better than...? • How does... fit with what we learned • What are the strengths and weaknesses before? of...? • Why is... important? • What is the best...? Why?
A Workbook for Arguments A Complete Course in Critical Thinking 3rd Edition David R. Morrow - Download the full ebook now for a seamless reading experience