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Random documents with unrelated
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flat,’ and proceeds with great alacrity to marshal his hundred arguments in
proof that it not only seems but is flat, ‘an extended plane, stretched out in
all directions away from the central North.’ He enumerates all the reasons
offered by scientists for a belief in the rotundity of the earth and evidently
to his own complete satisfaction refutes them. He argues that the heavenly
bodies were made solely to light this world, that the belief in an infinity of
worlds is a monstrous dogma, contrary to Bible teaching, and the great
stronghold of the infidel; and that the Church of Rome was right when it
threw the whole weight of its influence against Galileo and Copernicus
when they taught the revolution of the earth on its axis.”—Michigan
Christian Herald, Oct. 15, 1885.

“So many proofs.”—Every Saturday, Sept. 26, 1885.

“A highly instructive and very entertaining work …. The book is well worth
reading.”—Protector, Baltimore, Oct. 3, 1885.

“The book will be sought after and read with peculiar interest.”—Baltimore
Labor Free Press, Oct. 17, 1885.

“Some of them [the proofs] are of sufficient force to demand an answer

from the advocates of the popular theory.”—Baltimore Episcopal
Methodist, October 28, 1885.

“Showing considerable smartness both in conception and argument.”—

Western Christian Advocate, Cincinnati, O., Oct. 21, 1885.

“Forcible and striking in the extreme.”—Brooklyn Market Journal.

Baltimore, Maryland, U. S. A., December 7, 1885.

[Appendix to Third Edition.]
 COPY OF LETTER FROM RICHARD A. PROCTOR,
ESQ.
5 Montague Street, Russell Square, London, W.C., 12 Dec., 1885.

W. Carpenter, Esq., Baltimore.

Dear Sir,—I am obliged to you for the copy of your “One Hundred Proofs
that the Earth is not a Globe,” and for the evident kindness of your intention
in dedicating the work to me. The only further remark it occurs to me to
offer is that I call myself rather a student of astronomy than an astronomer.

Yours faithfully,
RICHARD A. PROCTOR.

P.S. Perhaps the pamphlet might more precisely be called “One hundred
difficulties for young students of astronomy.”
[Appendix to Fourth Edition.]
 COPY OF LETTER FROM SPENCER F. BAIRD, ESQ.
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., Jan. 6, 1886.

Dear Sir,—A copy of your “One Hundred Proofs that the Earth is not a
globe” was duly received, and was deposited in Library of Congress
October 8, 1884. [1885] A pressure of much more important work has
prevented any attempt at reviewing these hundred proofs:—which however
have doubtless been thoroughly investigated by the inquisitive astronomers
and geodesists of the last four centuries.

Yours very respectfully,

SPENCER F. BAIRD, Secretary S. I.

Mr. William Carpenter, 71, Chew Street, Baltimore, Md.

Copy of a letter from one of the several applicants for the “One Hundred
Proofs” for the purpose of reviewing them. The writer is Professor of
Mathematics at the High School, Auburn, N. Y., and, in his application for
the pamphlet, says: “Am a Yale graduate and a Yale Law School man: took
the John A. Porter Prize (literary) ($250) at Yale College.”

Auburn, Dec. 10th, 1885. My Dear Sir: Your treatise was received. I have
looked it over and noted it somewhat. A review of it to do it justice would
be a somewhat long and laborious task. Before I undertook so much thought
I would write and ask What and how much you expect: how elaborately you
wished it discussed: and what remuneration might be expected. It sets forth
many new and strange doctrines which would have to be thoroughly
discussed and mastered before reviewed. I am hard at work at present but
would like to tackle this if it would be for my interest as well as yours.
Hope you will let me know very soon. Very respectfully,
 To Mr. W. Carpenter, Baltimore, Md. FRANK STRONG.

NOTE.—Unless a man be willing to sell his soul for his supposed worldly
“interest,” he will not dare to “tackle” the “One Hundred Proofs that the
Earth is Not a Globe.” No man with well-balanced faculties will thus
condemn himself. We charge the mathematicians of the world that, if they
cannot say what they think of this pamphlet in a dozen words, they are
entitled to no other name than—cowards!

Baltimore, Maryland, May 22, 1886.

 APPENDIX TO THE FIFTH EDITION.

Editorial from the “New York World,” of August 2, 1886:—

THE EARTH IS FLAT.

The iconoclastic tendencies of the age have received new impetus from Mr.
William Carpenter, who comes forward with one hundred proofs that the
earth is not a globe. It will be a sad shock to many conservatives who have
since their childhood fondly held to the conviction that “the earth is round
like an orange, a little flattened at the poles.” To find that, after all, we have
been living all these years on a prosaic and unromantic plane is far from
satisfactory. We have rather gloried in the belief that the semi-barbarous
nations on the other side of the earth did not carry their heads in the same
direction in which ours point. It is hard to accept the assertion that the
cannibals on savage islands are walking about on the same level with the
civilized nations of our little world.

But Mr. Carpenter has one hundred proofs that such is the unsatisfactory
truth. Not only that, but the iconoclast claims that we are not whirling
through space at a terrible rate, but are absolutely stationary. Some
probability is given to this proposition by the present hot weather. The earth
seems to be becalmed. If it were moving at the rate of nineteen miles a
second wouldn’t there be a breeze? This question is thrown out as perhaps
offering the one hundred and first proof that the earth is not a globe. Mr.
Carpenter may obtain the proof in detail at the office at our usual rates. A
revolution will, of course, take place in the school geographies as soon as
Mr. Carpenter’s theories have been closely studied. No longer will the
little boy answer the question as to the shape of the earth by the answer
which has come ringing down the ages, “It’s round like a ball, sir.” No.
He’ll have to use the unpoetic formula, “It’s flat like a pancake, sir.”

But, perhaps, after we have become used to the new idea it will not be
unpleasant. The ancients flourished in the belief that the earth was a great
plane. Why shouldn’t we be equally fortunate? It may be romantic but it is
not especially comforting to think that the earth is rushing through space
twisting and curving like a gigantic ball delivered from the hand of an
enormous pitcher. Something in the universe might make a base hit if we
kept on and we would be knocked over an aerial fence and never found.
Perhaps, after all, it is safer to live on Mr. Carpenter’s stationary plane.

The “Record,” of Philadelphia, June 5, 1886, has the following, in the

Literary Notes:—“Under the title One Hundred Proofs that the Earth is Not
a Globe, Mr. William Carpenter, of Baltimore, publishes a pamphlet which
is interesting on account of the originality of the views advanced, and, from
his standpoint, the very logical manner in which he seeks to establish their
truth. Mr. Carpenter is a disciple of what is called the Zetetic school of
philosophy, and was referee for Mr. John Hampden when that gentleman, in
1870, made a wager with Mr. Alfred R. Wallace, of England, that the
surface of standing water is always level, and therefore that the earth is flat.
Since then he has combated his views with much earnestness, both in
writing and on the platform, and, whatever opinions we may have on the
subject, a perusal of his little book will prove interesting and afford room
for careful study.”

“The motto which he puts on the cover—‘Upright, Downright,

Straightforward’—is well chosen, for it is an upright lie, a downright
invention, and a straightforward butt of a bull at a locomotive.”—The
Florida Times Union, Dec. 13, 1885. Editor, Charles H. Jones. [Pray, Mr.
Jones, tell us what you mean by “an upright lie.”!!]

“We have received a pamphlet from a gentleman who thinks to prove that
the earth is flat, but who succeeds only in showing that he is himself
one.”—New York Herald, Dec. 19, 1885. [The reviewer, in this case, is, no
doubt, a very “sharp” man, but his honesty—if he have any at all—is jagged
and worn out. The “quotations” which he gives are fraudulent, there being
nothing like them in the pamphlet.]
“The author of the pamphlet is no ‘flat,’ though he may perhaps be called a
‘crank.’ ”—St. Catharines (Can.) Evening Jour., Dec. 23.

“To say that the contents of the book are erudite and entertaining does not
do Mr. Carpenter’s astronomical ability half credit.”—The Sunday Truth,
Buffalo, Dec. 27, 1885.

“The entire work is very ingeniously gotten up …. The matter of perspective

is treated in a very clever manner, and the coming up of ‘hull-down’ vessels
on the horizon is illustrated by several well-worded examples.”—Buffalo
Times, Dec. 28, 1885.

“The erudite author, who travels armed with plans and specifications to fire
at the skeptical at a moment’s notice, feels that he is doing a good work, and
that his hundred anti-globular conclusions must certainly knock the general
belief in territorial rotundity out of time.”…

“We trust that the distinguished author who has failed to coax Richard
Proctor into a public discussion may find as many citizens willing to invest
two shillings in his peculiar literature as he deserves.”—Buffalo Courier,
Dec. 27, 1885, and Jan. 1, 1886.

“It is a pleasure now to see a man of Mr. Carpenter’s attainments fall into
line and take up the cudgels against the theories of the scientists who have
taught this pernicious doctrine [the sphericity of the earth].”—Rochester
Morning Herald, Jan. 13, 1886.

“As the game stands now, there is ‘one horse’ for Prof. Carpenter.”—
Buffalo World, Jan. 16, 1886.

“It is interesting to show how much can be said in favor of the flat world
theory …. It is fairly well written, although, we believe filled with
misstatements of facts.”—Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, Jan. 17,
1886. [We “believe” the editor cannot point one out.]

“It is certainly worth twice the price, and will be read by all with peculiar
interest.”—Scranton Truth, March 8, 1886.
“Mr. William Carpenter has come to Washington with a “hundred proofs
that the earth is not a globe.” He has a pamphlet on the subject which is
ingenious, to say the least, and he is ominously eager to discuss the matter
with any one who still clings to the absurd prejudices of the
astronomers.”—The Hatchet, May 9, 1886.

“It contains some curious problems for solution, and the author boldly
asserts that until they are solved the globular theory of the earth remains
unproven, and is fallacious, &c.”—The Presbyterian, Philadelphia, June 19,
1886.

“His reasoning is, to say the least, plausible, and the book interesting.”—
The Item, Philadelphia, June 10, 1886.

“Mr. Carpenter seems to have made a thorough investigation of the subject,

and his arguments are practical and to the point.”—Sunday Mercury,
Philadelphia, June 13, 1886.

“A gentleman has just called at the editorial rooms with a pamphlet which is
designed to demonstrate that the earth is not a globe, but a flat disk; he also
laid before us a chart from which it plainly appeared that the earth is a
circular expanse of land, with the north pole in the exact center, and the
Antarctic Sea flowing all around the land …. We went on to state that we
lodged the care of all astronomical questions in the hands of Rev. R. M.
Luther, to whom these perplexing matters are but as child’s play …. Our
readers may, therefore, expect at an early date a judicial view of the
astronomical and cosmological situation.”—National Baptist, Philadelphia,
July 8, 1886. Editor, Dr. Wayland. [We hope that the Rev. R. M. Luther will
give us the means of publishing his decision before many more editions of
the “Hundred Proofs” be issued. We are afraid that he finds the business
much more than “child’s play.”]

“‘One Hundred Proofs that the Earth is Not a Globe,’ by William Carpenter,
is published by the author, whose novel and rather startling position is
certainly fortified by a number of argumentative points, which, if they do
not shake the reader’s preconceived notions on the subject, will, at least, be
found entertaining for the style in which they are put.”—Evening Star,
Philadelphia, July 22, 1886.

“His ‘Proofs’ go a long way towards convincing many that his ideas on the
subject are practical and sensible.”—Fashion Journal, Philadelphia, July,
1886. Editor, Mrs. F. E. Benedict.

“ ‘One Hundred Proofs that the Earth is Not a Globe’ is a curious little
pamphlet that we can commend to all interested in astronomy and related
sciences. It may not upset received notions on the subject, but will give
cause for much serious reflection. Published by the author, Wm. Carpenter,
Baltimore, Md. Price 25 cents.”—The Saturday Evening Post, Philadelphia,
July 31, 1886.

“Here now is an able thinker of Baltimore, Professor William Carpenter,

who presents the claims of the Zetetic philosophy to be considered the
leading issue of our times …. One of the great proofs of the truth of the
philosophy is that the regular astronomers do not dare to gainsay it …. They
are well aware there is no South pole …. Prof. Carpenter, in a treatise that
has reached us, furnishes 100 proofs that the earth is flat, and while we
cannot say that we understand all of them we appreciate the earnestness of
his appeals to the moral people of the community to rise up and overthrow
the miserable system of error that is being forced upon our children in the
public schools, vitiating the very foundations of knowledge. What issue can
be more noble or inspiring than Truth vs. Error? Here is an issue on which
there can be no trifling or compromise. In the great contest between those
who hold the earth is flat and they who contend that it is round, let the flats
assert themselves.”—Milwaukee Sentinel, Aug., 1886. [From a long article,
“The Great Zetetic Issue.”]
LETTERS TO PROFESSOR GILMAN, OF THE JOHNS
HOPKINS UNIVERSITY.

71 Chew Street, Baltimore, September 10, 1886.

Prof. Gilman, Johns Hopkins University—Sir: On the 21st ultimo I wrote to

ask you if you received the pamphlet, which I left for you at the University
twelve months ago, entitled “One Hundred Proofs that the Earth is Not a
Globe,” and, if so, that you would kindly give me your opinion concerning
it. I write, now, to ask you if you received my letter. I am quite sure that you
will consider that the importance of the subject fully warrants the endeavor
on my part to gain the views which may be entertained by you respecting it.
The fifth edition will soon be called for, and anything you may urge—for or
against—I shall be happy to insert in the “appendix.” I send, herewith, a
copy of the fourth edition of the pamphlet.

Yours sincerely, William Carpenter.

71 Chew Street, Baltimore, October 7, 1886.

Professor Gilman—Dear Sir: I am now preparing the appendix for the fifth
edition of my “One Hundred Proofs that the Earth is Not a Globe,” and I
should be glad to receive your opinion of this work to insert in the said
appendix. I can offer you from a few lines to a page, or two if necessary. Of
course, if this work as a whole be a fraud, it must be fraudulent in all its
parts; and each one of the “hundred proofs” must contain a fallacy of some
kind or other, and the thing would justify your disapprobation—expressed
in few words or many. If, on the other hand, the work is what it professes to
be, it will certainly claim your approval. Yours sincerely, W. Carpenter.
 71 Chew Street, Baltimore, October 14, 1886.

Prof. Gilman—Dear Sir: A week ago I wrote you a letter to tell you that I
should be glad to receive your opinion of the “Hundred Proofs that the
Earth is Not a Globe,” of which work 5,000 copies are now in circulation. I
wrote this work (26 pages) in one week, without neglecting my daily
business: surely, you can reply to it in a week from this time. I will give you
from one to four pages, if you wish that amount of space, and send you fifty
copies, if you desire to have them, without putting you to the slightest
expense. I will even take any suggestion you please to make as to the title
which shall be given to this extra edition of my work containing your reply
or opinions. I should be sorry to be under the necessity of printing this
letter, with others, in my next edition, in the place of any such reply or
expression of opinion; for I feel sure there is no one in Baltimore who is
more capable of giving an opinion on this great subject. Trusting to hear
from you in a few days, I am, Dear Sir, Yours truly,

William Carpenter.

71 Chew Street, Baltimore, October 22, 1886.

Prof. Gilman—Sir: This is the fifth letter—and the last—to you, asking you
for an expression of your opinion concerning the “One Hundred Proofs that
the Earth is Not a Globe.” Which would you prefer—to see my words, or
yours, in print? I give you a week in which to decide.

Truly, William Carpenter.

 THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, OF
BALTIMORE.

We are indebted to “Scribner’s Monthly” for the following remarks

concerning this institution:—“By the will of Johns Hopkins, a merchant of
Baltimore, the sum of $7,000,000 was devoted to the endowment of a
University and a Hospital, $3,500,000 being devoted to each. This is the
largest single endowment ever made to an institution of learning in this
country. To the bequest no burdensome conditions were attached.”… “The
Physiological Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins has no peer in this country,
and the other laboratories few equals and no superiors.”

In the First Annual Report of the University (1876) we read:—“Early in the

month of February, 1874, the Trustees of the University having been
apprised by the Executors of Johns Hopkins, of the endowment provided by
his will, took proper steps for organization and entering upon the practical
duties of the trust, and addressed themselves to the selection of a President
of the University. With this view the Trustees sought the counsel and advice
of the heads of several of the leading seats of learning in the country, and,
upon unanimous recommendation and endorsement from these sources, the
choice fell upon Mr. Daniel C. Gilman, who, at the time, occupied the
position of President of the University of California.

“Mr. Gilman is a graduate of Yale College, and for several years before his
call to California, was a Professor in that institution, taking an active part in
the organization and development of ‘The Sheffield Scientific School of
Yale College,’ at New Haven. Upon receiving an invitation to Baltimore, he
resigned the office which he had held in California since 1872, and entered
upon the service of The Johns Hopkins University, May 1, 1875.”—
Galloway Cheston.

“In the hunt for truth, we are not first hunters, and then men; we are first
and always men, then hunters.”—D. C. Gilman, Oct., 1883.
The “One Hundred Proofs that the Earth is Not a Globe” have been running
around within the observation of the master huntsman and his men for a
year or more: now let the hunters prove themselves to be men; and the men,
hunters. It is impossible to be successful hunters for Truth, if Error be
allowed to go scot-free. Nay, it is utterly impossible for the Johns Hopkins
University to answer the purpose of its founder if its hunters for Truth do
not first hunt Error with their hounds and hold it up to ridicule, and then,
and always, keep a watchful eye for the Truth lest they should injure it by
their hot haste or wound it with their weapons. Prof. Daniel C. Gilman, we
charge you that the duties of your office render it imperative that, sooner or
later, you lead your men into the field against the hundred proofs, to show
the world that they are hunters worthy of the name—if, in your superior
judgment, you decide that there is Error to be slain—or, show that your
hunters are worthy of the better name of men, by inducing them to follow
and sustain you, out of the beaten track, in your endeavors to uphold God’s
Truth, if, in your superior judgment, you tell them, “There is a Truth to be
upheld!”

[End of the Appendix to the Fifth Edition. Nov. 9, 1886.]

 PROFESSOR PROCTOR’S PROOFS.

“A proof, a proof!” cries Student Brown; says Proctor, “Very well,

If that is all you want, indeed, I’ve plenty I can tell:
But really I have scarcely time, or patience, now, to do it;
You ought to know the earth’s a globe, then, as a globe you’d view it.
I knew it long ago: in truth, ’twas taught me in my cot,
And, then, too old was I to doubt—too young to say ’twas not!”
“And you have never questioned it?” “Why should I, now, friend Brown?
I took it all for granted, just as daddy laid it down.
And as my duty clearly was,—no other way I saw it—
And that’s the reason why, of course, a globe I always draw it.
And so you want a proof! Ah ha: just cross the broad Atlantic,
And then a proof so strong you’ll have, with joy ’twill send you
frantic!”
“You mean, that I shall see the ships come round the old earth’s side—
And up—and o’er the ‘watery hill’—as into view they glide!
No, Proctor, no: you say, yourself, the earth so vast in size is,
The surface seems a level one—indeed, to sight, it rises.
And ships, when coming into view, seem ‘bearing down upon us.’
No, Proctor, let us have a proof—no, no, come—mercy on us!”
“Well, Brown, I’ve proofs that serve to show that earth, indeed, a ball ‘tis;
But if you won’t believe them—well, not mine but yours the fault is.
Why, everybody, surely, knows a planet must be round,
And, since the earth a planet is, its shape at once is found.
We know it travels round the sun, a thousand miles a minute,
And, therefore, it must be a globe: a flat earth couldn’t spin it.
We know it on its axis turns with motion unperceived;
And therefore, surely, plain it is, its shape must be believed.
We know its weight put down in tons exactly as we weigh’d it;
And, therefore, what could clearer be, if we ourselves had made it?
We know its age—can figures lie?—its size—its weight—its motion;
And then to say, ‘’tis all my eye,’ shows madness in the notion.
Besides, the other worlds and suns—some cooling down—some hot!—
How can you say, you want a proof, with all these in the pot?
No, Brown: just let us go ahead; don’t interfere at all;
Some other day I’ll come and bring proof that earth’s a ball!”
“No, Proctor, no:” said Mr. Brown; “’tis now too late to try it:—
A hundred proofs are now put down (and you cannot deny it)
That earth is not a globe at all, and does not move through space:
And your philosophy I call a shame and a disgrace.
We have to interfere, and do the best that we are able
To crush your theories and to lay the facts upon the table.
God’s Truth is what the people need, and men will strive to preach it;
And all your efforts are in vain, though you should dare impeach it.
You’ve given half your theory up; the people have to know it:—
You smile, but, then, your book’s enough: for that will plainly show it.
One-half your theory’s gone, and, soon, the other half goes, too:
So, better turn about, at once, and show what you can do.
Own up (as people have to do, when they have been deceived),
And help the searcher after Truth of doubt to be relieved.
‘The only amaranthine flower is virtue;’—don’t forget it—
‘The only lasting treasure, Truth:’—and never strive to let it.”
 ODDS AND ENDS.

“We do not possess a single evident proof in favor of the rotation”—of the
earth—“around its axis.”—Dr. Shœpfer.

“To prove the impossibility of the revolution of the earth around the sun,
will present no difficulty. We can bring self-evident proof to the
contrary.”—Dr. Shœpfer.

“To reform and not to chastise, I am afraid is impossible …. To attack views

in the abstract without touching persons may be safe fighting, indeed, but it
is fighting with shadows.”—Pope.

“Both revelation and science agree as to the shape of the earth. The psalmist
calls it the ‘round world,’ even when it was universally supposed to be a flat
extended plain.”—Rev. Dr. Brewer. [What a mistake!?]

“If the earth were a perfect sphere of equal density throughout, the waters
of the ocean would be absolutely level—that is to say, would have a
spherical surface everywhere equidistant from the earth’s centre.”—English
“Family Herald,” February 14, 1885.

“The more I consider them the more I doubt of all systems of astronomy. I
doubt whether we can with certainty know either the distance or magnitude
of any star in the firmament; else why do astronomers so immensely differ,
even with regard to the distance of the sun from the earth? some affirming it
to be only three, and others ninety millions of miles.”—Rev. John Wesley,
in his “Journal.”

“I don’t know that I ever hinted heretofore that the aeronaut may well be the
most sceptical man about the rotundity of the earth. Philosophy imposes the
truth upon us; but the view of the earth from the elevation of a balloon is
that of an immense terrestrial basin, the deeper part of which is that directly
under one’s feet. As we ascend, the earth beneath us seems to recede—
actually to sink away—while the horizon gradually and gracefully lifts a
diversified slope, stretching away farther and farther to a line that, at the
highest elevation, seems to close with the sky. Thus, upon a clear day, the
aeronaut feels as if suspended at about an equal distance between the vast
blue oceanic concave above and the equally expanded terrestrial basin
below.”—Mr. Elliott, Baltimore.

In the “Scientific American,” for April 27, 1878, is a full report of a lecture
delivered at Berlin, by Dr. Shœpfer, headed “Our Earth Motionless,” which
concludes thus:—“The poet Goethe, whose prophetic views remained
during his life wholly unnoticed, said the following: ‘In whatever way or
manner may have occurred this business, I must still say that I curse this
modern theory of cosmogony, and hope that perchance there may appear in
due time some young scientist of genius who will pick up courage enough
to upset this universally disseminated delirium of lunatics. The most terrible
thing in all this is that one is obliged to repeatedly hear the assurance that
all the physicists adhere to the same opinion on this question. But one who
is acquainted with men knows how it is done: good, intellectual, and
courageous heads adorn their mind with such an idea for the sake of its
probability; they gather followers and pupils, and thus form a literary
power; their idea is finally worked out, exaggerated, and with a passionate
impulse is forced upon society; hundreds and hundreds of noble-minded,
reasonable people who work in other spheres, desiring to see their circle
esteemed and dear to the interests of daily life, can do nothing better or
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Metadata

One Hundred Proofs that the Earth is Not

Title:
a Globe
Author: William Carpenter
Language: English
Original publication
1885
date:

Catalog entries

Related Library of Congress catalog page: 52055019

Related Open Library catalog page (for source): OL25597135M
Related Open Library catalog page (for work): OL17026383W

Encoding

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