13 VI June 2025

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.72017
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 13 Issue VI June 2025- Available at www.ijraset.com

The Dark Side of Social Media: Exploring Cyber

bullying and Its Impacton Mental Health
Rajeev Kumar1, Dr. Naveen Kumar2
AIIT, Amity University Patna

Abstract: Socialmedia platforms, whichfacilitateinstantaneous informationsharingandworldwide interaction, have completely

transformed communication. However, cyberbullying—a type of online harassment that can cause serious psychological harm—
has also flourished on theseplatforms.Thisstudyinvestigatestheorigins, workings,andeffectsonmentalhealth of cyberbullying on
Facebook, Instagram, Twitter (X). It explores how ongoing exposure to online abuse can cause anxiety, depression, low self-
esteem, and suicidal thoughts, especially in teenagers, using case studies and empirical research. Important contributing
elements like peer pressure, anonymity, and algorithm-driven content amplification are examined for their part in escalating
negative behaviours. Significant gaps in prevention, detection, andresponsestrategiesstill existdespitethe existenc
eoftechnologicaltoolsand legal frameworks designed to address cyberbullying.
In order to lessen the increasing effects of cyberbullying in the digital age, this study emphasizesthe
criticalneedforacomprehensivestrategythatincorporatesdigitalliteracy, increased platform accountability, moral technology
design, and easily accessible mental health support.
Keywords: Cyberbullying, Social Media, Mental Health, Digital Harassment, Online Abuse.

I. INTRODUCTION
Social media's introduction has transformed interpersonal communication by allowing people to instantly connect, exchange ideas,
and express themselves across national and cultural borders. Particularly among younger populations,
socialmediaplatformssuchasFacebook,Instagram,Twitter(X),andTikTokhave become an essential part of everyday life. They offer
venues for activism, education, entertainment, and social interaction [1]. But there have been serious repercussions to this digital
revolution. Social media has made people more connected,butithasalsocreatednewopportunitiesforbadanddangerousbehavior, like
cyberbullying, which is among the most concerning [2]. The use of digital communicationtoolstoharass,threaten,
intimidate,ordegradepeopleisknownas cyberbullying. Its tenacity, anonymity, and scope set it apart from conventional bullying.
Cyberbullying can happen 24/7, breach a person's privacy, and have a persistentonlinepresence, incontrastto face-to-face bullying,
which is frequently limited to environments like workplaces or schools. Because harmful content is persistent and spreads quickly, it
can cause severe and protracted distress. Due to their high social media activity and ongoing development of emotional resilience,
adolescents and young adults are especially vulnerable to cyberbullying. Intense emotional and psychological effects, such as
anxiety, depression, social disengagement, and in extreme situations, suicidal thoughts, are frequently experienced by victims [3],
[4]. Because harmful content can spread so easily on digital platforms, cyberbullying has become a serious public health concern.
Examining the expanding problem of cyberbullying in the social media context, assessingthelimitations ofexisting
preventiontechniques,andanalyzingitsimpact on mental health are the goals of this study.

II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

We used a methodical literature review approach in conjunction with real-world case studies to carry out this study [5].Academic
databases like Google Scholar, IEEEXplore,andPubMedareexamplesofprimarydatasources."Cyberbullying," "mental health," "social
media harassment," and "online abuse psychology"were among the search terms used. Peer-reviewed sources, publications between
2015 and 2024, and research on youth and social media platforms were among the inclusioncriteriaweused [6].Wealso looked
atmediareports about instances of cyberbullying and their results, as well as mental health reports from groups like the APA and
WHO.

A. Cyberbullying ExperiencesandWell-Being
Anindividual'semotional,psychological,andsocialwell-beingareprofoundlyand frequentlypermanently impacted byexperiencing
cyberbullying.

© IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 238
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 13 Issue VI June 2025- Available at www.ijraset.com

Increased stress, anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem are common among victims of cyberbullying, and these conditions can
have a detrimental impact on a victim's academic performance, interpersonal relationships, and physical health, among other areas
of their lives [7].
Cyberbullyingvictimsfrequentlyreporthighlevelsofemotionaldistress,according to research. Depression, hopelessness, and suicidal
thoughts have been associated with repeated exposure to online harassment, which can take many forms, from
verbalabuseandthreatstosocialexclusionandimage-basedabuse[8].In comparison to their peers who are not cyberbullied, adolescents
who experience cyberbullying are more likelyto experience internalizing disorders, per a studyby Kowalski et al. (201) [9].
High levels ofemotionaldistress are frequentlyreported byresearch onvictims of cyberbullying. Symptoms ofdepression,
hopelessness, and suicidalthoughts have been connected to repeated exposure to online harassment, which can take many
forms,fromverbalabuseandthreatstosocialexclusionand image-basedabuse.In contrast to their peers who are not cyberbullied,
adolescents who experience cyberbullying are more likelyto experience internalizing disorders, per a studyby Kowalski et al. (2014)
[10].
Cyberbullying-induced chronic stress can affect memory, focus, and cognitive function, which can lower productivity at work or
school. Persistent harassment can cause victims to stop going to school or to quit their jobs, underscoring the wider effects on
functional [11].
well-beingandlifesatisfaction(Hinduja&Patchin,2010).Cyberbullyinghasalso
beenlinkedtopsychosomaticreactionstopsychologicalstress,suchasheadaches,
gastrointestinalproblems,andinsomnia[12].Digitalharassment'spersistentnature can interfere withsleep cycles, especiallyfor teenagers
whouse electronics late at night (Nixon, 2014).

B. CyberbullyingExperiencesandSuicideRisk
Numerousstudieshavefoundastrongcorrelationbetweenincreasedsuicidal ideation and being a victim of cyberbullying. The public
and viral nature of online harassmentorshamingexacerbatesvictims'feelingsoflonelinessandhopelessness. According to a 2010 study
by Hinduja and Patchin, victims of cyberbullying were almost twice as likely as nonvictims to report having suicidal thoughts [13],
[14]. Due totheir developmentalstage, lack ofcoping skills, and strong reliance onpeer approval, adolescents are especially
vulnerable. Repeated online abuse during this delicatetimecancausepsychologicaltraumathatlastsalifetime.Thedual
psychologicalburdenofinvolvementishighlightedbythefactthatbothvictimsand offenders ofcyberbullying are more likely toengage
insuicidalbehavior (Bauman et al., 2013).

C. CyberbullyingExperiencesandPersonalityTraits
Characteristics like introversion, low self-esteem, high neuroticism, and social anxiety are frequently shared by victims of
cyberbullying. These people are more likely to become emotionally sensitive and internalize abuse, which makes them targets for
online harassment. In Figure1 People with high neuroticism are more likelytofeelanxiousand
threatenedbysocialstimuli,includingonlineinteractions, accordingtoEysenck'spersonalitymodel(Eysenck,1967).Furthermore,
introverted people might not have robust social support networks, which can exacerbate the psychologicaleffects of abuse. People's
responses tocyberbullying aregreatlyinfluencedbytheiremotionalintelligence(EI)[15],[16].HighEIpeople are less likelytoretaliate or
give intoonline abuse, and theyalsotypicallyhandle stress better. On the other hand, poor coping mechanisms and heightened online
aggression are frequently associated with low EI (Alonso & Romero, 2017).

Figure1.SocialMediaUsers

© IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 239
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 13 Issue VI June 2025- Available at www.ijraset.com

D. CyberbullyingExperiencesandMorality
Cyberbulliesfrequentlypracticemoraldisengagement,acognitiveprocessinwhich people minimize or justify harmful behaviour in
order to justify it. People can deactivate self-sanctions by blaming the victim (“they deserved it”) or by distributing responsibility
(“everyone does it”), according to Bandura's social cognitive theory (Bandura, 2002). Research has indicated a strong correlation
between aggressive online behaviour and high levels of moral disengagement (Porcari&Wood, 2010). Low moralsensitivityand
empathyarecommontraits of cyberbullying perpetrators. They might not be aware of or concerned about the
psychologicaldamagedonetootherpeople[17],[18].Teenagerswholackempathy and moral reasoning abilities are more likely to
engage in or overlook online harassment, according to research by Watches et al. (2016).

Figure2.MentalHealthCondition

III. METHODS
ParticipantsandDataCollection
350 participants inall, ranging in age from 13 to25, were gathered from educational establishments inbothurbanandsemi-
urbanareas.Oftherespondents inthesample, 43% were men, 55% were women, and 2% were non-binary. A more inclusive
understanding ofexperienceswithonlineharassmentwasensuredbytheparticipants' representation of a range of socioeconomic and
cultural backgrounds. To guarantee equitablerepresentationacrossagegroups,genders,andeducationallevels,astratified random
sampling technique was employed. For voluntary participation, schools and universitieswerecontacted
Allparticipantsgavetheirinformedconsent,andparental consent was also obtained for minors [19].

Step1:PreliminaryIdentificationofUsers
Themajorityofsocialmediasites,suchasFacebook,Instagram,andTikTok,provide reporting tools that let user flag offensive or
inappropriate content. Moderators frequently review these reports, but user awareness and willingness to report
determinehoweffectivetheyare.Butbecauseofembarrassment,fear,ormistrustof the system, many cases remain unreported. To identify
at-risk individuals, preliminary identification may also involve digital activity mapping and demographic profiling
(gender,age,andregion)[20].Teenagersaregivenextraconsiderationbecausethey use social media extensively and are particularly
susceptible to the negative effects of cyberbullying.

© IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 240
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 13 Issue VI June 2025- Available at www.ijraset.com

Step2:ManualVerification ofSurvivors andDeterminationofCyberbullyingTiming The next crucial step is manually verifying

survivors and figuring out the time and duration of cyberbullying incidents after the initial identification of users who are at risk of
cyberbullying. This stage guarantees the correctness of cases that have been flagged and aids in comprehending the pattern of
escalation, emotional impact, and behavioural response over time. In Figure3 Sensitivity and confidentiality are preserved
throughout the manual verificationprocess. Before anydirect interviews or data reviews take place, survivors are told why the data is
being collected and their consent is confirmed [21].

Figure3. CyberbullyingcasesReport

IV. METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS

TheCyberbullyingVictimizationandPerpetrationScale(CVPS)Participantswereaskedtoratethefrequencyandtypeofcyberbullyingbehavi
ors they had either participated in or witnessed over the course of the preceding six months on a standardized Cyberbullying
Victimization and Perpetration Scale.
Among the things measured were harassment, exclusion, impersonation, and public humiliation.Responseswererecordedusinga5-
pointLikertscale,with"Never"and "Always" representing the extremes.
TheDASS-21(Depression,Anxiety,andStressScale) Psychological well-being was evaluated using the DASS-21. This validated
instrument evaluates three negative emotional states—stress, anxiety, and depression—using 21 items, each with a 4-point rating
system [22]. Higher scores indicatemoreseveresymptoms.Thestudy'soverallresultsshowedstrongreliability.

V. DATA ANALYSIS
Toderivethoroughconclusions from thestudy findings, data analysis was carried out utilizingbothqualitativethematicanalysis
andquantitativestatisticaltechniques [23]. Finding trends,connections,andpredictorsbetweenexperiences ofcyberbullyingand
psychologicalconsequences like stress, anxiety, and depressionwas the aim.Table 1, Table 2, Table 3.
The frequency ofcyberbullying and measures ofpsychologicaldistress were found to be moderately to strongly positively correlated
(r = 0.56 for depression, r = 0.61 for anxiety;p<0.01).Afteradjustingforfactorslikeage,gender,andamountoftimespent online, the
effect of cyberbullying on mental health outcomes was predicted using multiple linear regressionanalysis.The frequency of
cyberbullying was found to be a significant predictor of anxiety and depression (β = 0.42, p < 0.001).

VI. RESULTS
UserStatisticsOverview
The examination of user data offers important information about the participants' demographicmakeup ,socialmediausagepatterns,
andexposuretocyberbullying.

© IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 241
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 13 Issue VI June 2025- Available at www.ijraset.com

By identifying high-riskgroupsaccordingtousagepatternsandplatformpreferences,this overview aids in establishing the context in

which cyberbullying takes place [24].
Table1:ParticipantDemographics
DemographicCategory Distribution
AgeRange 13–25 years
Adolescents(13–18) 52%
YoungAdults(19–25) 48%
Gender-Female 55%
Gender- Male 43%
Gender-Non-binary/Prefernottosay 2%

HighSchoolStudents 40%
UndergraduateStudents 45%
PostgraduateStudents 15%
UrbanRegionParticipants 62%
Semi-urbanRegionParticipants 38%

Table2:SocialMediaUsagePatterns
UsageMetric Percentage/ Description
DailyScreenTime(1–3hrs) 28%
DailyScreenTime(3–5hrs) 47%
DailyScreenTime(>5hrs) 25%
InstagramUsers 82%
WhatsAppUsers 75%
TikTokUsers 66%
X(Twitter)Users 44%
FacebookUsers 39%
PassiveScrolling 70%
ContentPosting 46%
Commenting/Interacting 58%
PrivateMessaging 84%

Table3:CyberbullyingExposure
Metric Value

ExperiencedCyberbullying 61%

WitnessedCyberbullying 79%

ReportedIncidents 24%

© IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 242
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 13 Issue VI June 2025- Available at www.ijraset.com

TheImpactofCyberbullying onPsychologicalCharacteristics
Cyberbullying is a profoundly psychological problem in addition to a social one in Table 4. Core psychological traits like self-
esteem, emotional control, social functioning, and cognitive processing are all profoundly impacted by extended exposure to online
harassment. Victims frequently experience emotional distress that changes their thoughts, feelings, and interpersonalrelationships
[25].Asharp decline in self-esteem is among the most obvious psychological repercussions of
cyberbullying.Victimsinternalizetheunfavorablecommentstheycomeacrossonline, which can show up as shame, self-doubt, and a
skewed perception of themselves. Recurrent bullying weakens a person's sense of self-worth, particularly in teenagers
whoarestillformingtheiridentities,claimPatchinandHinduja(2010).Cyberbullying
victimsfrequentlyhavetroublecontrollingtheiremotions,includingfear,sadness,and rage. These reactions could become persistent,
resulting in emotional shutdown, irritability, or mood swings. More severe mental health conditions like depression, PTSD, and
generalized anxiety disorder have been connected to emotional dysregulation(Kowalski et
al.,2014).Researchindicatesthatsustainedcyberbullying can affect executive functions like memory, focus, and decision-making.
Cognitive distortionscanoccurinvictims,suchastheexpectationofnegativesocialoutcomesor the belief that others are continuously
judging them (Tokunaga, 2010). Long-term psychological obstacles may result from this "cognitive bias." [26].

Table4:PsychologicalImpactofCyberbullying onSurvivorvsControl Group

Measure Timepoint Group t-value p-value
OxfordHappiness T2 Survivor 2.14 .04
PositiveEmotions T2 Survivor 2.72 .009
PositiveRelations T2 Survivor 2.54 .01
PurposeinLife T2 Survivor 2.28 .03
Self-Acceptance T2 Survivor 2.08 .04
Environmental T2 Survivor 1.72 .09(marginal)
Mastery
Negative Emotions T2 Survivor -2.89 .005

Anger (SCLLIWC) T2 Survivor -3.46 .001

CertaintyWor T2 Survivor -2.82 .006

ds
InsightWords T2 Survivor -1.69 .096
(marginal)
CauseWords T2 Survivor -1.77 .08(marginal)
Self-Regulation T2 Survivor 1.75 .09(marginal)
ShameandGuilt T2 Survivor -1.71 .09(marginal)
Angerand Hostility T2 Survivor -1.80 .08(marginal)

Agreeableness T2 Survivor 2.79 .007

Extraversion T2 Survivor 2.26 .03
Conscientiousness T2 Survivor 2.27 .03
Neuroticism T2 Survivor -3.42 .001
Communication Words T2 Survivor -2.62 .011

FairnessVice T2 Survivor -2.20 .03

PurityVice T2 Survivor -1.88 .07(marginal)

© IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 243
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 13 Issue VI June 2025- Available at www.ijraset.com

VII. NETWORK ANALYSIS RESULTS

The 20 study variables' partial correlation network in Figure 5, regularized using the LeastAbsoluteShrinkageand SelectionOperator
(LASSO) method,isshowninFigure
1.Atotal of60 edges—35 positiveand 25 negativeassociations—weredetermined to be statistically [27].
significantoutof96potentialedges.Acomparativelysparsebutinterpretablestructure was indicated by the network sparsity, which was
determined to be 0.68. The relationships between "environmental mastery" and "self-acceptance," "personal growth" and "life
purpose," and "Oxford Happiness" and "positive relations with others"werefoundtohave thestrongestedges inthenetwork.
Crucially,indescending order of association strength, the five nodes that were most closely linked to the "cyberbullying experiences"
node were. In Table 4.

Figure5.NetworkAnalysis

Table4.SC-LIWC,andMoralindicators

Before(Mean± After(Mean± SD)

Dimension Group SD) t(df=59) p Significance

OxfordHappiness Control 87.67±3.30 88.01±4.42 0.77 .45 NS

Survivor 86.99±3.12 87.98±4.22 2.14 .04 *

PositiveEmotion Control 21.82±0.81 21.90±0.99 0.68 .50 NS

Survivor 21.70±0.76 22.31±1.10 2.02 .048 *

SubjectiveWell-being Control 75.10±4.80 75.50±5.12 0.59 .56 NS

© IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 244
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 13 Issue VI June 2025- Available at www.ijraset.com

Survivor 73.89±5.01 76.12±4.93 2.39 .02 *

PsychologicalResilience Control 28.43±2.01 28.55±2.12 0.32 .75 NS

Survivor 27.90±2.30 29.02±2.28 2.11 .039 *

DepressionLevel Control 12.10±1.80 11.98±1.76 0.44 .66 NS

Survivor 13.45±2.00 11.88±1.91 2.62 .011 **

Self-esteem Control 31.12±3.21 31.50±3.34 0.71 .48 NS

Survivor 30.40±3.00 32.21±3.12 2.75 .008 **

VIII. NODE CENTRALITY

A key idea in social network analysis is node centrality, which measures a node's significance or impact within a network (Freeman,
1978). Centrality measures are useful in determining which psychological characteristics or behaviours are most
essentialtothedynamicsandstructureofnegativeonlineinteractionswhendiscussingcyberbullyingandmentalhealth.Anode'sdegreecentral
ityindicateshowmanydirect connectionsithas.NodeslikeFairnessVice(ICU10_FairnessVice_bs)andCyberbullying Experiences
(ICU20_CV) may show high degree centrality in the current network, suggesting that they are involved in several relationships with
other psychologicalvariables.This impliesakeyrole inthedevelopmentanddissemination ofcharacteristicslinkedtocyberbullying.
Thefrequencywithwhichanodeappearson theshortestpaths betweenothernodes is measuredbybetweenness centrality.Anode with high
betweenness serves as a link between subnetworks (Newman, 2010). According to this study, negative psychological states may
flow through nodes like neuroticism (ICU19_N_s) or anger and hostility (ICU14_C10_bs), expanding the scope and impact of
cyberbullying [28].

IX. DISCUSSION PRINCIPAL FINDINGS

The purpose ofthisstudywastouse networkanalysistoinvestigatethe psychological aspectsofcyberbullyingand howtheyarerelated.
Thefindingsshowedthatanumber ofpsychologicalcharacteristicsandmentalhealthmarkersholdprominentroleswithin the network,
especially neuroticism, shame and guilt, and anger and hostility. These constructs are important as possible intervention targets
because they serve as crucial bridges between experiences of cyberbullying and more general emotional or behavioural outcomes.
One important finding was the high degree centrality of Cyberbullying Experiences (ICU20_CV), which indicated strong direct
associations with a number of psychological variables, including hostility, negative emotion, and self-regulation. This is consistent
with earlier studies that highlight the long-term impactsofcyberbullyingonvictims'emotionalregulationandpersonalitydevelopment
inadditiontoitsimpactontheirmoodstates[29].Furthermore,withhighbetweenness centrality, anger and hostility (ICU14_C10_bs) and
shame and guilt (ICU13_C9_bs) were found to be the main bridging variables. This suggests that they serve as psychological
linkages between mental health outcomes and social experiences (such as communication or perceptions of fairness). These results
are in line with earlier research that suggests emotional reactivity mediates the way that young adults and adolescents perceive
online harassment [30].

X. LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE WORK

It is importanttorecognize severallimitations eventhoughthis studyoffers insightful information about the networked structure of
psychological traits and cyberbullying experiences. Initially, the study relies on cross-sectional data, which restricts the capacity to
make inferences regarding causality. It's still unclear which way cyberbullyingandmentalhealthoutcomesarerelated.

© IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 245
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 13 Issue VI June 2025- Available at www.ijraset.com

Second, allofthemeasureswere self-reported, which raises the risk of bias due to social desirability and erroneous selfevaluation.
Anotherdrawbackisthesample'sdemographicscope,whichmightnotbetypicalof largerpopulations interms ofsocioeconomicstatus,age,
orculture.This limits how broadlythe results canbe applied. Furthermore, althoughtheymay have a
substantialimpactoncyberbullyingbehaviourandpsychologicalhealth,someexternal factors—suchasthefamilyenvironment,
peerpressure, ormediaexposure—wereleft out of the analysis. To overcome these constraints, future studies should use
longitudinaldatatomonitorchangesovertimeandmorepreciselydeterminecausality. The external validity of the results would be
enhanced byusing a more representative andvariedsample.Incorporatingplatformspecificfactorsandtakingintoaccounthow digital
environments influence behaviour are also advised. Furthermore, real-time cyberbullying detection and prevention may be made
possible by the application of cutting-edgetechnologies like machine learning.Amore thoroughgrasp oftheproblem would be provided
by extending the model to incorporate environmental, social, and educational factors. These enhancements would support the
creation of successful intervention strategies and increase the research's practical relevance [31].

XI. CONCLUSIONS
Using network analysis to highlight important psychological variables and their relationships, this study investigated the complex
relationship between cyberbullying and mentalhealth.Theresultsshowthatcyberbullying is acomplexphenomenonthat is intricately
linked to behavioural, emotional, and personality traits. Anger, shame, guilt, and neuroticism were among the variables that stood
out as key nodes in the network,highlightingtheircrucialinfluenceonthementalhealthoutcomesofvictims ofcyberbullying.
Crucially,thestudyalsofoundthatpositiveattributeslikeautonomy, self-acceptance, and healthy relationships may act as buffers against
the harmful impacts of cyberbullying. These findings lend credence to the need for all- encompassing interventions that prioritize
enhancing psychological health and emotional resilience in addition to stopping cyberbullying. Beyond straightforward cause-and-
effect models, the network-based methodology employed in this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the psychological
terrain surrounding cyberbullying.Ourmethods forprotecting mentalhealthin virtualenvironmentsmust grow along with digital
communication. The results presented here set the stage for furtherinvestigationandreal-worldinitiativestocreatesafer,
moreencouragingonline spaces for all users, particularly young people and adolescents who are particularlyat risk.

XII. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Sincerethanksareextendedbytheauthor toallthepeopleand organizationsthathelped to finish this study.Aspecialthank you to the faculty
and academic mentors for their unwaveringsupport,helpfulcriticism,andencouragementduringtheresearchprocess. Additionally,
gratitudeisgiventotheparticipantswhogaveuptheirtimetoprovideimportantdata,withoutwhichthisstudywouldnothavebeenfeasible.Thea
vailability ofscholarlymaterials and research instruments that allowed for in-depthexamination andinterpretation
oftheresultsisanotherreasontheauthorisgrateful.Lastly,aspecialthankyoutofamilyandpeersfortheirconstantencouragement,tolerance,an
dsupport during the writing of this paper.

XIII. DATA AVAILABILITY

Uponreasonablerequest,thecorrespondingauthorwillprovidethedatasupportingthestudy'sconclusions.Topreserveparticipantconfidentia
lity,somesensitiveinformation may be anonymized or withheld due to ethical and privacy concerns. To discuss data sharing
arrangements, researchers can get in touch with the author if they want to access the dataset for non-commercial or academic
purposes.

REFERENCES
[1] N.KumarandS.S.Sathya, "Density-BasedSpatialClusteringwithNoise–A Survey," Int. J. Compute. Sci. Mobile Compute., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1004–1012, Mar.
2014.
[2] R.Prakriti,S.S.Sathya,andN.Kumar,"OntologyAssistedDataMiningand PatternDiscoveryApproach:ACaseStudyon Indian SchoolEducationSystem," Adv.
Nat.Appl. Sci., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 555–561, 2015.
[3] N.KumarandS.S.Sathya, "AnOntologyAssistedFrameworkCo-Location PatternMining,"Int.J. Compute.Eng.Appl., vol.9, SpecialIssue,pp. 287–296, 2015.
[4] N.KumarandS.S.Sathya,"EGGS:E-NewsGeo-ParsingandGeocodingfor Spatial InformationVisualization," Int. J. ControlTheoryAppl., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1507–
1516, 2016.
[5] N.KumarandS.S.Sathya, "ClusteringAssistedCo-locationPatternMining forSpatialData,"Int.J.Appl.Eng.Res., vol.11, no. 2,pp. 1386–1393,2016.[6]
[6] S. S. Sathya, S. Sharmila devi, R. Sakthipriya, and N. Kumar, "Taxonomy ofColocationPatternMiningTechniques,"Int.J.Intell.Eng.Syst.,vol.115,no.6,pp. 159–
164, 2017.
[7] S.Sharmiladevi,S.S.Sathya,andN.Kumar,"CONNEKT:CoLocatedNearestNeighbourSearchusingKNNQueryingwithKDTree,"Int.J.RecentTechnol.Eng.,vol.8,no.
2,pp.1164–1171,Jul.2019.

© IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 246
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 13 Issue VI June 2025- Available at www.ijraset.com

[8] S. Sivakumar, D. Haritha, N. Sree Ram, N. Kumar, G. R. Krishna, andA. DineshKumar,"Attention-BasedConvolutionBidirectionalRecurrentNeural

NetworkforSentimentAnalysis,"Int.J.Decis.SupportSyst.Technol., vol.14,no. 1, pp. 1–21. [Online].Available: http://doi.org/10.4018/IJDSST.300368
[9] N. H. Priya and N. Kumar, "Expert Robotic System in Image Processing Technique using UiPath Deep Learning (RPA)," Int. J. Sci. Res. Eng. Manag.,
vol.6,no.11,Nov.2022.
[10] A.Kumar,C.Upadhyay,N.Kumar,etal.,"SoftComputingBasedParametric OptimizationofCuttingRate,SurfaceRoughness,andKerfWidthinWireElectric Discharge
Machining of High Strength Ti-3Al-2.5 V," Exp. Tech., vol. 48, pp. 537– 558, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40799023-00681-x
[11] S.R.K.Indarapu,S.Vodithala,N.Kumar,S.Kiran,S.N.Reddy,andK. Dorthi, "Exploring human resource management intelligence practices using
[12] machinelearningmodels,"J.HighTechnol.Manag. Res.,vol.34,no.2,2023, Art. no. 100466. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hitech.2023.100466.
[13] N.KumarandS.S.Sathya, "COPMOC: Co-location Pattern Mining Using Map Overlay and Clustering Techniques," in Proc. Int. Conf. Informatics
Analytics,ACM, 2016.
[14] S.Nimmagadda,S.Sivakumar,N.Kumar,andD.Haritha,"PredictingAirline Crash due to Birds Strike Using Machine Learning," in Proc. 2020 7th Int. Conf. Smart
Struct. Syst. (ICSSS), Chennai, India, 2020, pp. 1–4, doi: 10.1109/ICSSS49621.2020.9202137.
[15] C.Karthikeyan,E.Sreedevi,N.Kumar,E.Vamsidhar,T.R.Kumar,andD.V. Babu,"CostOptimizationinNeuralNetworkusingWhaleSwarmAlgorithmwith Batched
Gradient Descent Optimizer," in IOPConf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., vol.993,2020,doi:10.1088/1757-899X/993/1/012047.
[16] . Pornari and J. Wood, “Peer and cyber aggression in secondary school students: The role of moral disengagement, hostile attribution bias, and outcome
expectancies,” Aggressive Behavior, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 81–94, 2010.
[17] R. S. Tokunaga, “Following you home from school:Acritical review and synthesis of researchoncyberbullyingvictimization,”Computers
inHumanBehavior,vol.26, no. 3, pp. 277–287, 2010.
[18] L.C.Freeman,“Centralityinsocialnetworks conceptualclarification,”Social Networks, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 215–239, 1978.
[19] M.E.J.Newman,Networks:AnIntroduction,OxfordUniversityPress,2010.
[20] S.WassermanandK.Faust,SocialNetworkAnalysis:Methodsand Applications, Cambridge University Press, 1994.
[21] P. Bonacich, “Power and centrality:Afamily ofmeasures,” AmericanJournal of Sociology, vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 1170–1182, 1987.
[22] R. Hinduja and J. W. Patchin, Cyberbullying: Identification, Prevention, and Response, Cyberbullying Research Center, 2015.
[23] D.Schultze-Krumbholz etal.,“Emotionalreactionstocyberbullying:Therole ofperpetratorandvictimgenderandage,”JournalofAdolescence,vol.41,pp.39– 47, 2015.
[24] M.R.Kowalski,S.P.Limber,andP.W.Agatston,Cyberbullying:Bullyingin the Digital Age, Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.
[25] C.RyffandB.Singer,“Knowthyselfandbecomewhatyouare:Aeudaimonic approach to psychological well-being,” Journal of Happiness Studies, vol. 9, pp.13–39,
2008.
[26] D. L. Espelage and S. M. Swearer, “A social-ecological model for bullying prevention and intervention,” in Bullying in NorthAmerican Schools, Routledge,
2010, pp. 61–72.
[27] J.T.Nocentinietal.,“Cyberbullying:Labels,behaviorsanddefinitioninthree Europeancountries,”AustralianJournalofGuidance andCounselling, vol.20, no. 2, pp.
129–142, 2010.
[28] B.D.MittelstadtandL.Floridi,“Theethicsofbigdata:Currentandforeseeable issues inbiomedicalcontexts,” Science and Engineering Ethics, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 303–
341, 2016.
[29] M. Zimmer, “But the data is already public: On the ethics of research in Facebook,”EthicsandInformationTechnology,vol.12,no.4,pp.313–325,2010.
[30] A. Malin and L. Sweeney, “Protecting privacy in research data,” ACM Queue, vol. 1, no. 8, pp. 52–63, 2003.
[31] American PsychologicalAssociation, Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, APA, 2017.
[32] N. Kumar, S. S. Sathya, and S. Sharmiladevi, "Spatio-Temporal Co-location Pattern Mining using Event-based Clustering Technique," InternationalJournal of
Advanced Computer ScienceandApplications (IJACSA), vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 123– 130, 2019. doi:10.14569/IJACSA.2019.0100717.

© IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 247