CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Breast milk is the ideal food for physical and mental growth and development of an infant. It
contains all essential nutrients including carbohydrates: essential fat, proteins, vitamins,
minerals, and immunological factors. Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF) means providing only
breast milk for the infants, no other liquids or solid, including water, except oral syrup of
vitamins, minerals or medication.

Breast feeding is very important of public health and important role in many different
countries. Breast milk is an ideal food which contains all the nutrient infant need for the first
six months. Breastfeeding protects against diarrhea and common childhood illness such as
pneumonia. It also has long term health benefit for the women and child. Such as reducing
the risk of obesity in childhood and adolescence.

Breastfeeding has relationship with a higher intelligence quotient (IQ) in children. There are
significant benefits of EBF not only for infant, but also for the women, and society. Various
researches have shown that breast milk is important for physical, neurologically cognitive
development of child that can reduce risks of allergies, infection, and non-communicable
diseases during later stages of their development. Therefore, Breast feeding is considered as
cost-effective infant feeding method for families and society can reduce the risks of
communicable and non-communicable diseases. A previous study showed that feeding
practice in women can protect against breast and ovarian cancer in them. Goals exclusive
breast-feeding rate to infant, younger than six months age, is less than 40% thus, one of the
strategies of the suitable Development Goals is to increase exclusive breastfeeding rate under
five aged child 50% Globally Child Health data shown that Democratic Republic of the
Cango (DRC) has the third highest child dead in world. Under age 5 mortality is 105 per 100
live births and infant mortality is 56 per 100 lives DRC is a developing country with large
assets minerals resources and has potential for hydropower and Agriculture development. The
national per capital income is 483.4 the average age of the woman 25-40 age group at birth of
first child is 19.9 years. The Demographic health survey shown that 14% women are in
chronic under nutrition. There exists relation between breast feeding and maternal nutrition in
case of chronic malnutrition lactating women. A study in Congo shown that Congolese
Women give additional food to their infant, such as sugar syrup, water tea, formula and
porridge etc, finding that children who epidemiological and biological studies showed that
children who did not receive breast milk experience major long-term adverse effect on health
nutrition and development. A lancet series on maternal and child under nutrition and obesity
in low- and middle-income countries in 2013 showed that globally, an estimated 45% of all
child death in 2011 were coursed by malnutrition. A study on breastfeeding behavior in
Kinhasa, DRC showed that cultural belief is a factor that influence parent to give additional
food other human milk. A study conducted in the DRC have found that breastfeeding should
be enhancing to obtain long-term health benefit. This study explored exclusive breastfeeding
and its associated factors among lactating women attending Major Aminu Urban Health
Center, Yola North Local Government Area, Adamawa State.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Nutritional Immunological and Physiological benefits of breastfeeding should be enough

to encourage women to breastfeed their new born baby and for all Health Care provider to
strongly encourage breastfeeding. If not, this presentation addressed even more benefits of
breastfeeding that can have a significant impact on total health. Extensive research especially
in recent years, document diverse and compelling advantage to infants, women, families and
society from breastfeeding and the use human milk for infant breast. This includes health
nutrition, development psychological social economic and environmental benefits.

Exclusive breastfeeding simply is breastfeeding a baby as soon as possible after delivery

before even separation of the placental but after the cord has been completed and cut. The
baby is feed on the breast milk olence that is no addition of water, food, no herbal drinks,
until the child is six months. There after the women continue to breastfeeding but adds
complementary food to increase calories nutritive valve. The women continue to breastfeed
for twenty-four months i.e two years and there is no need to buy powdered baby milk.
Exclusive breastfeeding during six months postpartum provide many nutritional,
immunological and psychological benefits, including protection of infant against infections
disease, improve child spacing due to location, ammonorrhea and enhance maternal infant
bonding. World Health Organization (W.H.O) and the responsible International Agencies has
recommended to government and Health Care professionals that women should breastfeed
their children exclusively for 4-6 months from and continue breastfeeding supplement by
other appropriate food up to second year of life or later, because breastfeeding has decline
world-wide in recent year as result of employment outside the home, exclusive breastfeeding
to six (6) months is uncommon in many area (BULLETIN OF W.H.O 1979). Women often
stop breastfeeding earlier than is desirable even by know that it is ideal way to feed their
infant low-rate of breastfeeding are common in countries where average incomes are highest
and milk substructure health professionals have an extremely important role to play in
supporting women to enable them to breast feed canvasing that breastfeed substitute are
unnecessary. Unfortunately, Health Professional often have negative attitude on exclusive
breastfeeding (W.H.O Bulletin 2010). The world Health Organization (WHO) estimate that
about 1 million infant die around the world every year because they nor breastfeed. If you
give the baby only breast milk during the first 4-6 months this help to protect them against
diarrhea and infection.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Almost all babies are breastfeeding in Nigeria base on the socio-cultural practice that
advocate it. National Demographic Health Survey (NDHS 1990). Revealed that only 2% of
infant under age of one (1) month are exclusive breast milk feed, 57% were a receiving water
in addition to breast milk, 28 were already receiving complementary feeding carton, socio-
cultural practice prevents infant food such as:

 Belief that colostrum are poisons to baby.

 Ignorance
 Socio-economic factors, which does not allow the lactating women’s exclusive breast
feeding
 Weather condition

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

1. To assessment the important of exclusive breastfeeding.

2. To assess the exclusive breastfeeding of lactating women bases on educational status.
3. To assess the number of responses by educational status

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. What is the important of exclusive breastfeeding in Major Aminu Urban Health

Center Yola North Adamawa State?
 2. How to determine the assessment of working-class women on exclusive breastfeeding
based on educational status.
3. What are the diseases related to poor exclusive breastfeeding?

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research is very important to highlight of the exclusive breastfeeding of lactating

women. It is hoped that recommendation be used by authority concerned of the danger of the
bottle-feeding forced feeding and also the study wearing method is also significant. Lastly,
the research is very important to me in particular as it help me improve an what I learnt in
class and give me the opportunity to know more about Health effect associated to exclusively
breastfeeding.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This research focused on Assessment of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Lactating Women

Attending Major Aminu Urban Health Centre Yola North Local Government Area, Adamawa
State. The population of the study will purely come from Major Aminu Urban Health Center,
Yola North Local Government Are. The research work is intended to provide which enable
them to achieve the objectives of successful exclusive breastfeeding among the children of
lactating women attending Major Aminu Urban Health Center, Yola North Local
Government Area, Adamawa State.

1.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINATION OF TERMS

1. Colostrum: - is the first fluid that comes from breast immediately after birth, it is
yellowish in colour and contain high protein and anti-bodies. It is often described as
the first form of immunization for a new born child.
2. Exclusive Breastfeeding: - refers to when infant is not given any other food or liquid
including water during the first six months after delivery.
3. Neonate: - refers to a new born baby especially one that is less than one month old.
4. Lactational Amenorrhea: - it is natural form birth control mechanism or protection
again pregnancy that occur during breastfeeding. The effect is observed to be
particularly strong when breastfeeding is exclusive.
5. Otitis media: - an infection involving the meddle ear that is common among infant but
is not limited to them.
6. Postpartum: - the immediate period after child birth is especially the first week.
7. Stunting: - it also referred to as shortness; it is condition characterized by low height
forget that is caused by insufficient nutrition over a long period and regular infection.
8. Wasting: - this is also known as thinness; it is a condition characterized by low weight
for high that is caused by acute food storage.
9. Wet Nurse: - a woman breastfeeding another woman’s baby. In addition to the
feeding a wet nurse may also be tasked to care of the baby usually for a fee Homers
and Sumsehli (2021).
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 BREAST FEEDING
Over the year especially after world war, the prevalence and duration of breast feeding had
the reduced greatly giving away to artificial and both feeding. The research was obvious as
serious increase infant and childhood mortality and morbidity from disease associated with
improper breast-feeding example diarrhea, acute respiratory tract infection, malnutrition
according to world health organization “over one million children died each year worldwide
from the above-mentioned disease, by (Kramer and et al 2009). World Health Organization
and UNICEF faced with the increasing infant and childhood mortality and morbidity jointly
sponsored a me where a global declaration to meeting of world leaders in 1990 where a
global declaration to support breast feeding particularly exclusive breast feeding in the six
months of life, was made. This declaration is new global know as INNOCENT
DECLARATION which is produced below.

“A global for optimal maternal and childhood nutrition, all women should be enables to
practice exclusive breast feeding and all infant should be feed exclusively with breast milk
from birth to six months of life. Therefore, children should continue to breast feed while
receiving appropriate and adequate complementary for feed up to two years of age or
beyond.” In 1987, who and UNICEF has sponsored the enactment of international code of
marketing of approved milk substitute “(the code)” which has the same year. The code set the
minimum standards of marketing all countries. The innocent declaration identified four
specific areas for countries implement those areas are:

A. Country should appoint a national breast-feeding committee.

B. Practice in the full all the ten steps of successful breast feeding.

C. That each country takes steps to effect of the articles of international code of
marketing breast milk substitute.

D. That each country takes steps to ensure the protection of breast feeding might of
nursing women who are working.

2.2 ANATOMY AND PHYSOCOLOGY OF THE BREAST

The breast or mammary glands are necessary exist in male but in fully developed form. In
female, the breast is a small until puberty stage after they grow and develop to their national
size under the influence of estrogen and progesterone. During pregnancy, these hormones
stimulate further growth until when the baby is born, the hormones production of milk and
oxytocin from the posterior pituitary stimulation of the nipple by the sulking baby. Breast
feeding releases an acrogenic hormone from the anterior pituitary due to fall in the estrogen
level of the blood stimulate. The secretion of Milla colostrum by the second day while breast
milk is secreted at the third to fourth day, they may be primary breast engagement caused by
increase. Production of milk grading the calculation of boil and lymph which produce tension
in the surrounding tissue.

STRUCTURE: each breast consists of a glandular tissue, fibrous in each breast built each
lobe made up of a number of lobules that radiates, fibrous in each breast built excretory duct
caused lactiferous duct, the center of the breast where it forms indication or reservoir for milk
(Charlotte AI 200l) for community-based project and the practice of exclusive breast feeding
among school of midwifery Bauchi.

POSITION: This pectorals muscles ending from second to sex ribs and laterally extend from
the auxiliary line to the sternum.

NIPPLES: is a small conical eminence at the center of the breast surrounded by a pigment
area, the areola, the areola surface there are numerous sebaceous gland (Montgomery’s tube
chart) that lubricate the nipple during location.

BLOODSUPPLY: Arterial blood supplies the breast doe supplied costal arteries (Charlotte
200l). A community-based project on the practice of exclusive breast feeding among school
of midwifery Bauchi.

VENOUS DRAINAGE: This describe and anastigmatic circle round the various blood to the
circumference and end in the auxiliary and mammary Venus.

LYMPH DRAINAGE: vessels and codes lymph many Clar through the internal mammary
nodes it route is obetnicted.

NERVE SUPPLY: Nerves breast is supplied from the 4 th-5th of

the thoracic nerve which
contain sympathetic fibrous. There are numerous sematic sensory nerves ending in the breast
especially around the nipple.

LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE: Inter costal and auxiliary lympnodes.

FUNCTION: The mammary gland is active only during frequency and after the birth of a
baby when it produces milk, (UNICEF) UNESCO/WHO1995 fact for life.
PHYSIOLOGY OF LOCATION: The physiology of location is the function activities in
which breast under Hormones, milk and with passage.

HORMONE CONTROL: Under the influence of estrogen and the progesterone breast
develops. On completion of the third stage of labours the production is reduced by the
delivery of the placenta. During the next 48-72 hrs., the blood levels of the estrogen and
progesterone called production by the anterior pituitary gland which acts on the exinite cell in
the breast and milk is formed milk is pushed along the lactiferous ducts and some are steered
in the ampulla (Nutrition Health topic World Health Organization WHO 2002 Google.com)

MILK FORMATION: The breast milk should increase in blood in the flow and the blood
flows through the breast so that there should be production of essential substance, examples
of such nutrients are; minerals, water glucose, fatty and protein globules.

MILK PASSEGE: Production of oxytocin hormones contract the alveoli to empty a bone
pressure of the newly produced milk. Also, two (2) factors are involved in the transmute of
milk from the secretion cells to nipple:

(1) Back pressure

(2) Neuron hormone reflex (Kramer metal promotion of breast feeding lovervention
trial PROBT: A randomized trial in the republic of Bereans journal of the American
medical Associations 200/224 (4) 4B:420) coined their them breast feeding just ten
steps in the baby friendly way following these minimum 10 steps isn’t enough to
challenge the breast complication during the past partum period. The best way is to
prepared women from prenatal period to overcome the problem that may arises
during past natal period. Madhukarisnan (2019) described the best feeding and new
born care center (PHC) that’s attached to a Medical College in Kangeri Rural
Bangalore, Karnataka Indian among women with children’s who were a month old
who come to the PHC for data was collected using pretest questionnaire on breast
feeding and new born practice. Result shows 97% of the women-initiated breast
feeding 19% used prolateral feed 90% had hospital deliveries and 10% had home
deliveries end 10% used a house knife to cut the umbilical cord among home
deliveries. The authors conclude that the need for the breast-feeding intervention
programmer especially for the women during antenatal and past natal checkup and
practices like discarding the elostrum and early late weaning are still wildly
prevented and used to be addressed. The human body goes through many
 remarkable the uterus groves several time it’s normal size again weight, the women
are often influenced by the changes that occur in their breast during pregnancy.
Special care the breast during pregnancy is an important preparation for
breastfeeding during antenatal period the breast often have a feeding of fulness and
became larger heavier and more pendulaw because of the stretching of the cooper.
Ligament that supports the breast (Krama Mrs. Kakuma R 2019).

A wee-lifting supporting brassier that holds the breast and it relieves the backache
and promote good posture is required. It may also help to prevent the subsequent
tissue sagging, so often noticeable after delivering owing to the increase weight of
the breast during pregnancy and lactation.

BREAST MILK VOLUME: during the last months of pregnancy there is often a small
secretion of colostrum there from the breast, the typical milk volume is:

1. From birth to 24 hours colostrum average is about 37ml

2. From 24-96 hours, there is a slow rise in volume

3. Day 5 approximately 500ml/day

4. 3-5 months 750ml/day

5. 6 months 800ml/day

Poorly nourished women are milk volume has been found to be about 500-700ml in the
second six months and about 400-500ml in second year of the life. Small milk output occurs
as a result of maternal nutrition. Reference www.nbc/mnih/gov/published/650237’’ and
breastfeeding about .com/od/breastfeeding

COMPOSITION OF BREAST MILK: the breast milk is not various types in the first few
days per period usually 1-3 days it is made up mostly fats, protein, while blood cells and anti-
bodies grow factors are also available it has a laxative effect on the body and source as a
defence mechanism again infection (immune bodies).

The protein colostrum level in the breast of woman who delivered prematurely is higher than
that of a normal delivery (a full-term pregnancy) the composition of colostrum are show
below:

a. Protein 1.045/100ml - vitamin 589

 b. Fats 4.3%/100ml – zinc 250mg

c. Acter 749 – copper 39mg

d. Iron 0.08%

2.3 IMMUNOLOGICAL COMPONENTS/PROTECTIVE FACTORS:

1. Endocrine: Growth factors especially for the brain and thyroid.

2. Lysozyme: Help in killing bacteria note that production of macrophages.

3. Cellular Factors: example phagocytes macrophage and lymphocytes.

4. Lactoterin: Blind to extension and depthless bacteria of it use.

5. Immunoglobin

6. Bifidous Factor: factor promoted growth of good protect intestinal bacteria.

2.4 EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING:

According to UNICEF “Exclusive Breastfeeding can be described as feeding of child/infant
with breast milk from birth to age of six months without any complementary food even water,
unless otherwise drugs such as drops of paracetamols, multi-vitamin, ORS if need arises”
advice the women not to be giving water to their infants, because all nutrient needed are there
in the breast milk that would make the infant to grow and develop.

2.5 IMPORTANCE OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING:

THE IMPORTANCE OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING TO A CHILD:

It always ready and available, it is free from germ and microorganism, it is at the right
temperature which remain constant, it reduces infant mortal rate, it does not change from its
normal test, it helps child to develop his/her own immunities, it develops good relationship
between women and a child, and it helps in the development of alertness of a child (Kramer
M. S, Kakuma R. (2019)

THE IMPORTANCE OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING TO WOMEN:

It helps in the involution of the uterus, it serves as central captive method but not 100%, it
prevents cancer of the uterus breast and ovaries, it helps to prevent postpartum hemorrhage, it
develops good relationship between women and child, and it makes women to live healthy.
(Krama R. (2019)
THE IMPORTANCE OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING TO FATHER:

It is economically cheaper and better than artificial milk, it does not involved use of money to
buy from market, it does not cause any stressful job to the father, and it makes father not to
be thinking out of stock syndrome.

THE IMPORTANCE OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING TO A COMMUNITY:

There will be less infant mortality rate in the community, community would proud with their
children as result of the intelligence and good behaviors, and in terms of census the
population rate will be increase.

THE IMPORTANCE OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING TO NATION:

Reduce Health Care cost, improve women’s contributions to the nation, save cost if
importance of food to the nation, and it make nation to provide self-confidence from any
enemy countries such as war.

2.6 HOW TO ENCOURAGE A SUCCESSFUL EXCLUSIVE

BREASTFEEDING:
(www.babycenter.com) Kararuma (2022))

First of all, the Antenatal Clinic session should be a very happy moment for both the Health
Workers and the clients who have taken the initiative to seek for expert advice.

Regarding mother’s attitude toward Exclusive Breastfeeding, a high proportion of mothers

(70.7%) believe that Exclusive Breastfeeding is more demanding than infant formula, and the
majority of the mothers (78.0%) believe that supplementary fluids such as water and honey
should be given to the babies during Exclusive Breastfeeding. (NWANA 2019).
 CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1 STUDY AREA
The research work is conducted at Major Aminu Urban Health Center Yola North Local
Government Area of Adamawa State. The aim of the research is to assessment the exclusive
breastfeeding of lactating women and proffer solution to the problem faced at hand.

3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

The research is and analysis study trying to investigate the assessment of exclusive
breastfeeding among lactating women attending Major Aminu Urban Health Center Yola
North Local Government and give necessary knowledge using questionnaire.

3.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY

It is noted that the total population of people in Major Aminu Urban Health Center Yola
North Local Government Area, Adamawa State was 157,860 as were recorded in the year
(2006) National Population Census.

3.4 SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION

The following condition are those under which a researcher can study only a sample instead
of the. Entire population as 80 questionnaires were distributed as the sample size of the
population to represent the entire population is too large when the source of both human and
materials available to you as an investigate for the larger and inadequate. (NWANA 2019).

3.5 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

A sample random sampling techniques was used to select respondent with these techniques,
all proposed subject will be given equal chance to participate fully in the study. John (2020)
concurred that is this type of sampling each independent chances of being selected also the
sample techniques resulting from the application in the procedures are said to be unbiased
and are there for representative portion in the population.

3.6 INTRUMENTBUSED FOR DATA COLLECTION

Questionnaire would be used by the research, despite of its vital role in data collection so as
to enable the research to find out a relevant information from the community members of
Major Aminu Urban Health Center.

3.7 DATA MANAGEMENT

The procedure for data analysis applied by the research is descriptive statistic. This includes
the use of frequency distribution and percentage method to analyze the data. The formular
used for the percentage is n/FX80 where N-Number responses and total number of
respondents. The method is chosen because it is easy to understand the research and it a
glance as it shows the population of the respondent.
 CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The chapter concerned with presentation and analysis of data collected from administered
questionnaire in Major Aminu Urban Health Center, Yola North Local Government Area,
Adamawa State.

The researcher distributed eighty (80) questionnaire and only sixty-seven were retrieved.

4.1 RESULTS
SECTION ‘A’ PAERSONAL DATA
SEX DISTRIBUTION
SEX FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE %
Male 38 57%
Female 29 43%
Total 67 100%

The above table shows that 38 respondents representing 57% according their sex were male
while 29 respondents representing 53% were female, this show that minority of the
respondent were male.

AGE
AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE %
18-25 years 20 30%
26-32 years 33 49%
33-38 years 10 15%
39-45 years 4 6%
TOTAL 67 100%

The above table shows that age distribution in which 20 of the respondents are 18-25 years,
33 of the respondents are 26-32 years, 10 of the respondents are 33-38 years, and 4 of the
respondents are 39-45 and above years.
MARITAL STATUS
MARITAL STATUS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE %
Single 6 9%
Married 28 72%
Divorce 10 15%
Widowed 3 4%
TOTAL 67 100%

The above table indicate that 6 of the respondents are single women, 48 of the respondents
are married women, 10 of the respondents are divorce women, and 3 of the respondents are
windowed women. This indicate that from the above state the married women has the higher
frequency.

OCCUPATION
OCCUPATION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE %
Business 19 28%
Farmers 17 25%
Civil Servants 27 40%
Other Special 4 6%
TOTAL 67 100%

The above table indicate that 19 of the respondents are business, 17 of the respondents are
farmers, 27 of the respondents are civil servants while 4 of the respondents are other special,
from the above analysis is show that majority of the above respondent are civil servants.

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE %
Primary 3 4%
Secondary 25 37%
Tertiary 35 52%
Others 4 6%
TOTAL 67 100%
The above table indicate that 3 of the respondents attended only Primary School, 25 of the
respondents attended Secondary School, followed by 35 respondents attended Tertiary
Institution, the remaining 4 are in other, from the above analysis it shows that the highest of
the respondent attended the tertiary institution.

SECTION ‘B’ RESEARCH QUESTIONS

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT EXLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING?
RESOPNSES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE %
Feeding with water and food from birth to 6 months 11 16%
Given only breast milk from birth to 6 months 54 81%
Given balance diet 2 3%
TOTAL 67 100%

The table above indicate that 11 of the respondents are given water and food from birth to 6
months, 54 of the respondents are given only breast milk from birth six 6 months, while 2 of
the respondents are given balance diet to children, this indicate that majority of the
respondents are doing exclusive breastfeeding.

DO YOU PRACTICE EXLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING?

RESOPNSES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE %
YES 58 87%
NO 9 13%
TOTAL 67 100%

The table above indicate that 58 of the respondents are practicing exclusive breastfeeding
regularly, followed by 9 of the respondents that does not practicing exclusive breastfeeding
regularly, these show that the majority of the respondents are practicing exclusive
breastfeeding.

FOR HOW LONG DO YOU PRACTICE EXLUSIVE

BREASTFEEDING?
RESOPNSES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE %
5 years 33 49%
6 – 10 years 25 37%
 11 – 15 years 7 10%
15 years above 2 3%
TOTAL 67 100%

The table above indicate that 33 of the respondents have started practicing exclusive
breastfeeding for the past 5 years, 25 of the respondents have started practicing exclusive
breastfeeding for the past 6-10 years, followed by 7 of the respondents have started practicing
exclusive breastfeeding for the past 11-15 years, and remaining 2 of the respondents are
above past 15 years.

FOR HOW LONG DO YOU BREASTFEEDING YOUR BABY?

RESOPNSES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE %
6 months 39 58%
1 year 14 21%
2 years 14 21%
TOTAL 67 100%

The table above indicate that 39 of the respondents are breastfeeding for 6 months, 14 of the
respondents are breastfeeding for 1 year, while another 14 of the respondents are
breastfeeding for 2 years.

IS THERE ANY EFFECTIVENESS IN PRACTICING EXCLUSIVE

BREASTFEEDING
RESOPNSES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE %
Agreed 48 72%
Disagreed 19 28%
TOTAL 67 100%
The table above indicate that 48 of the respondents agreed that there is
effectiveness in exclusive breastfeeding While 19 of the respondents which are
the minority disagreed with the effectiveness in exclusive breastfeeding.
WHAT TIME DO YOU USE TO LEAVE HOME?
RESOPNSES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE %
7:30am 36 54%
8:30am 27 40%
9:30am 4 6%
TOTAL 67 100%

The table above indicate that 36 of the respondents use to leave home 7:30am, 27 of the
respondents use to leave home 8:30am, While 4 of the respondents use to leave home
9:30am.

WHAT TIME DID YOU USE TO COME BACK HOME?

RESOPNSES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE %
1:30pm 32 48%
2:30pm 29 43%
3:30pm 6 9%
TOTAL 67 100%

The table above indicate that 32 of the respondents use to come back home 1:30pm, 29 use to
come back home 2:30pm, While 6 of the respondents use to come back home 3:30pm.

DID YOU AGREE THAT AN EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING BODY IS

HEALTHIER THAN NON-EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING?
RESOPNSES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE %
Agreed 59 88%
Disagreed 8 12%
TOTAL 67 100%

The above table indicate that 59 of the respondents know that an exclusive breastfeeding
body is healthier than non-exclusive, while 8 of the respondents disagreed.
DID YOU AGREE THAT LACK OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING
CAN CAUSE INFECTION TO YOUR BODY?
RESOPNSES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE %
Agreed 59 88%
Disagreed 8 12%
TOTAL 67 100%

The above table indicate that 59 of the respondents know that lack of exclusive breastfeeding
can cause infection, while 8 of the respondents disagreed that lack of exclusive breastfeeding
can cause infection. The above analysis show that majority agreed that lack of exclusive
breastfeeding can cause infection.

4.2 DISCUSSION
MAJOR FINDINGS

Based on the above results analyzed and interpreted above, the following findings are were
derived;

Finding 1: show the sex of distribution for the data analyzed male are higher than female

Finding 2: show that age distribution of the female from 26-32 years has percentage of
40 which is higher age group.

Finding 3: show that 72% of female are married.

Finding 4: show that 40% females are civil servants.

Finding 5: also give details of the respondents 52% are in tertiary levels.

Finding 6: also give details of respondent’s women that practicing exclusive

breastfeeding at the end the research which shows that 81% of females are
practicing exclusive breastfeeding.
 CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The chapter entails observations made during the research discussion of findings,
recommendations and suggestions for future research.

5.1 SUMMARY

The research observed that most women in area of study have understand the aims and
objectives of the exclusive breastfeeding, practices with the aimed at improving child health
to attain optimum level of infant care, to reduce infant mortality rate as a result of diarrhea
and to gain required percentage of each category of food substance for better growths and
development of the child reducing over dilution.

The research observed that most women know about exclusive breastfeeding.

5.2 CONCLUSION

The research is reported and assessment of knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding among the
lactating women attending Major Aminu Urban Health Center, Yola North Local
Government Area, Adamawa State which give the impression of the majority among which
are practicing policy.

The women were now aware that this exclusive breastfeeding method will definitely
protect, promotes and support their babies through preventing them against infections and
other preventable diseases (six killer diseases) example measles, polio, yellow fever and so
on.

Furthermore, to the part of the health workers effect has been made on creating awareness on
the policy of (exclusive breastfeeding) through health research proceeding on recommending
and exclusive breastfeeding policy in name and clinic.

5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

The above findings the researcher felt that it is of great important to make recommendation
which will serve as a guide to present feeding practices;
 Health Wokers should practice exclusive breastfeeding on their babies for the
community to make it important and appreciation role model.
 Health Workers should ensure adequate teaching practice to community on how to
manage babies during and after exclusive breastfeeding practice.
 Hospitals should have a written breastfeeding policy that is routinely communicated
to all Health Care staff for future delivery to women.
 Health Care staff should prepare pregnant women.
 Hospital management should train staff on primary health care approach on child
survival programme for example; growth, monitoring and exclusive breastfeeding
conduct clinical meeting to be done monthly to find out problems and solution.