Question 01:

(a)(i) Sharing in a Ratio

Answer:
Find the total ratio parts: 8 + 7 = 15

Calculate the value of one ratio part: $750 / 15 = $50

3Determine Alain's share: 8 * $50 = $400

(a)(ii)(a) Percentage

Answer:
Problem: Alain spends $150. Write $150 as a percentage of $400.

Solution: ($150 / $400) * 100% = 37.5%

(a)(ii)(b) Simple Interest

Answer:
Simple Interest (SI) = (Principal * Rate * Time) / 100

Applying the formula to Alain's investment:

Principal (P) = $250

Rate (R) = 2% per year

Time (T) = 5 years

SI = ($250 * 2 * 5) / 100 = $25

Total amount at the end of 5 years:

Total = Principal + Simple Interest = $250 + $25 = $275

(a)(iii) Compound Interest

Answer:

Formula:

Amount (A) = Principal (P) * (1 + Rate)^(n*Time)

Where:

 P = Principal amount

 R = Annual interest rate (as a decimal)

 n = Number of times interest is compounded per year

 T = Time in years

Applying the formula to Beatrice's investment:

 Principal (P) = $350

 Annual Interest Rate (R) = 0.25% per month = 0.25/100 = 0.0025 (as a decimal)

 Compounding frequency (n) = 12 (compounded monthly)

 Time (T) = 5 years

Amount (A) = $350 * (1 + 0.0025)^(12 * 5)

= $350 * (1.0025)^60
≈ $407.00 (rounded to the nearest dollar)

(b) Two Ratios

 Problem: Carl, Dina and Eva share 100 oranges. The ratio Carl’s oranges : Dina’s oranges = 3 : 5.
The ratio Carl’s oranges : Eva’s oranges = 2 : 3. Find the number of oranges Carl receives.

 Solution:

1. Find a common ratio for Carl: Since Carl has 3 parts in the first ratio and 2 in the second,
find the least common multiple (LCM) of 3 and 2, which is 6.

2. Adjust the ratios:

  Carl : Dina = 6 : 10

 Carl : Eva = 6 : 9

3. Combine the ratios: Carl: Dina: Eva = 6: 10: 9

4. Calculate Carl's share: (6 / (6+10+9)) * 100 oranges = 24 oranges

(c) Reverse Percentages

 Problem: Fred buys a house. At the end of the first year, the value of the house increases by 5%.
At the end of the second year, the value of the house increases by 3% of its value at the end of
the first year. The value of Fred’s house at the end of the second year is $60 564. Calculate how
much Fred paid for the house.
 Solution:
1. Account for the second year's increase: $60,564 / 1.03 = $58,800 (value at the end of
the first year)
2. Account for the first year's increase: $58,800 / 1.05 = $56,000 (original price)

(d) Finding the Interest Rate

 Problem: Gabrielle invests $500 at a rate of r % per year compound interest. At the end of 8
years, the value of Gabrielle’s investment is $609.20. Find the value of r.
 Solution:
Use the compound interest formula: $609.20 = $500 * (1 + r/100)^8
Solve for r:
(1 + r/100)^8 = $609.20 / $500 = 1.2184
1 + r/100 = (1.2184)^(1/8)
r/100 = (1.2184)^(1/8) - 1
r = ((1.2184)^(1/8) - 1) * 100 = 2.5%

Question 2

(a)(i) Mode

 Problem: Find the mode of the reaction times.

 Solution: The mode is the most frequent value, which is 7 seconds.

(a)(ii) Median

 Problem: Find the median reaction time.

 Solution: Since there are 100 students, the median is the average of the 50th and 51st values.
Both of these values fall in the 8-second interval. Therefore, the median is 8 seconds.
(a)(iii) Mean
 Problem: Calculate the mean reaction time.
 Solution: Multiply each reaction time by its frequency and sum the results: (3*6) + (3*27) +
(19*8) + (29*9) + (11*10) + (6*11) = 831
Divide the sum by the total number of students: 831 / 100 = 8.31 seconds

(a)(iv) Probability
  Problem: Two students are chosen at random. Find the probability that both their reaction
times are greater than or equal to 9 seconds.

 Solution:

1. Find the number of students with reaction times greater than or equal to 9
seconds: 29 + 11 + 6 = 46

2. Calculate the probability of the first student having a reaction time greater than or
equal to 9 seconds: 46/100

3. Calculate the probability of the second student also having a reaction time greater
than or equal to 9 seconds (given the first student was already selected): 45/99

4. Multiply the two probabilities: (46/100) * (45/99) = 23/110

(bThe box and whisker plot

(i) Problem: Find the range of the heights

Solution: Range = Highest Value - Lowest Value = 158 cm - 105 cm = 53 cm

(b)(ii) Interquartile Range

Problem: Find the interquartile range of the heights.

Solution: Interquartile Range = Upper Quartile - Lower Quartile = 142 cm - 122 cm = 20 cm

(c)(i) Estimated Mean

 Problem: Calculate an estimate of the mean mass of the potatoes.

 Solution:

1. Find the midpoint of each mass interval: 80 g, 155 g, 250 g

2. Multiply each midpoint by its corresponding frequency and sum the results: (80 * 60) +
(155 * 99) + (250 * 41) = 30395
 3. Divide the sum by the total number of potatoes: 30395 / 200 = 151.975 g

(c)(ii) Histogram

Problem: Complete the histogram to show the information in the table.

Solution:

110-200 g interval:

Frequency density = Frequency / Class width = 99 / (200 - 110) = 1.1

Draw a bar with a height of 1.1 for this interval.

200-300 g interval:

Frequency density = Frequency / Class width = 41 / (300 - 200) = 0.41

Draw a bar with a height of 0.41 for this interval.

Question 3

(a) Volume and Change in Height

 Problem: Show that the decrease in water level (h) when the sphere is removed is 0.125 cm.
 1. Solution:
Calculate the volume of the hemisphere submerged in water:

o Volume of a sphere = (4/3)πr³

o Volume of the hemisphere = (1/2) * (4/3)π(3 cm)³ = 18π cm³

2. Set up an equation relating the volume of the hemisphere to the volume of water displaced in
the cylinder:

o Volume of water = πr²h

o Initial Volume water = Final Volume of water + Volume of the hemisphere

o πr²h1 = πr²h2+18π

o 18π cm³ = π(12 cm)² * (h1-h2)

3. Solve for h1-h2:

o H1-h2 = (18π cm³) / (π * 144 cm²) = 0.125 cm

(b) Radius of New Cylinder

Problem: The water in the cylinder is poured into another cylinder of radius R cm. The depth of the
water in this cylinder is 18 cm. Calculate the value of R.

Solution:

Calculate the original volume of water in the cylinder (accounting for the displaced volume of the
hemisphere):

Original height of water = 3 cm (since the hemisphere was half submerged)

Volume = π(12 cm)² * 3 cm - 18π cm³ = 414π cm³

Set up an equation relating the original volume to the volume in the new cylinder:

414π cm³ = πR² * 18 cm

Solve for R: R² = (414π cm³) / (π * 18 cm) = 23 cm²

R = √23 cm = 4.80 cm (rounded to 3 significant figures)

(c) Percentage of Metal Not Used

 Problem: The sphere is melted down and some of the metal is used to make 30 cubes with edge
length 1.5 cm. Calculate the percentage of metal not used.

 Solution:

1. Calculate the volume of the sphere:

 Volume = (4/3)π(3 cm)³ = 36π cm³

2. Calculate the volume of one cube:

 Volume = (1.5 cm)³ = 3.375 cm³

3. Calculate the total volume of the 30 cubes:

 Total volume = 30 * 3.375 cm³ = 101.25 cm³

4. Calculate the volume of metal not used:

 Unused volume = 36π cm³ - 101.25 cm³ ≈ 11.83 cm³

5. Calculate the percentage of metal not used:

 Percentage = (Unused volume / Total volume of sphere) * 100%

 Percentage ≈ (11.83 cm³ / 36π cm³) * 100% ≈ 10.5%

Question 4

(a)(i) Enlargement
  Problem: Enlarge triangle T by scale factor 3, center (0, 2).

 Solution:

1. For each vertex of triangle T, find the horizontal and vertical distances from the center
of enlargement (0, 2).

2. Multiply these distances by the scale factor (3).

3. Starting from the center of enlargement, use the new distances to plot the
corresponding vertices of the enlarged triangle.

(a)(ii)(a) Rotation

Problem: Rotate triangle T about (4,2) by 90˚ clockwise. Label the image P.

Solution: