TOEFL STRUCTURE

SIMPLE SENTENCE
underline the subjects once and the verbs twice in each of the following sentences. Then indicate
if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

1.Last week went fishing for trout at the nearby mountain lake. ( )

2. a schedule of the day’s events can be obtained at the front desk ( )

3. a job on the day shift or the night shift at the plant available ( )

4. the new computer program has provides a variety of helpful applications. ( )

5. The box can be opened only with a special screwdriver. ( )

Object of Preposition:

Each of the following sentences contans one or more prepositional phrases. Underline the
subjects once and the verbs twice. Circle the prepositional phrases that come before the verb.
Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

1.the interviews by radio broadcasters were carried live by the station ( )

2.in the last possible moment before takeoff took his scat in the airplane. ( )

3. at the neighborhood flower shop, flowers in quantities of a dozen or a half dozen can be
delivered for free. ( )

4. the progressive reading methods at this school are given credit for the improved test scores. ( )

5. for the last three years at various hospitals in the country has been practicing medicine. ( )

Appositive:

1.the son of the previous owner, the new owner is undertaking some fairly broad changes in
management policy. ( )

2.last semester, a friend, graduated cum laude from the university. ( )

3. Valentine’s Day, February 14, is a special holiday for sweethearts. ( )

4. at long last, the chief executuve officer, has decided to step down. ( )
5. Tonight’s supper, leftovers from last night, did not taste any better tonight than last night. ( )

Present Participle: (V.ing)

1.the companies offering the lowest price will have the most customers. ( )

2. those travelers are compliting their trip on Delta should report to Gate Three. ( )

3. The artisans were demonstrating various handicrafts at booths throughout the fair. ( )

4. the fraternities are giving the wildest parties attract the most new pledges. ( )

5. the first team winning four games is awarded the championship. ( )

Past Participle: (V3)

1.the money was offered by the client was not accepted. ( )

2.the car listed in the advertisement had already stalled. ( )

3. the chapters wer taught by the professor this morning will be on next week’s exam. ( )

4. the loaves of bread were back in abrick oven at a low temperature for many hours. ( )

5. th ports were reached by sailors were under the control of a foreign nation. ( )

1. Exercise 1

Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentence.

1. The North Plate River .............from Wyoming into Nebraska

a. It flowed
b. Flows
c. Flowing
d. With flowing water
2. ......biloxi received its name from a Sioux word meaning “ first people”
a. The city of
b. Lacated in
c. It is in
d. The tour included
3. A pride of lions ............up to forty lions, including one to three males, several females
and cubs.
a. Can contain
b. It contains
c. Countain
d. countaining
4. ........tea plant are small and white.
a. The
b. On the
c. Having flowers the
d. The flowers of the
5. The tetracyclines,.....antibiotics, are used to treat infections.
a. Are family of
b. Being afamily
c. A family of
d. Their family is
6. Any possible academic assistance from taking stimulants...........marginal at best.
a. It is
b. There is
c. Is
d. as
7. Henry Adams, born in Boston,.......... famous as a historian and novelist
a. Became
b. And became
c. He was
d. And he became
8. The major case .......the pull of the Monn on the Earth.
a. The ocean tides are
b. Of ocean tides is
c. Of the tides in the ocean
d. The oceans’ tides
9. Still a novelty in the late nineteenth century,......limited to the rich.
a. Was
b. Was photography
c. It was photography
d. Photography was
10. A computerized map of the freeways using information gathered by sensors
embedded in the pavement.............on a local cable channel during rush hours.
a. Airs
b. Airing
c. Air
d. To air
 SENTENCE WITH MULTIPLE CLAUSES
Coordinate Connector

Coordinate connector
And, moreover, But, however, Or, otherwise, So, therefore,
besides, in nevertheless, unless hence
addition, yet, still,
furthermore, whereas
meanwhile
S V Coordinate conn S V

Each of the following sentences contains more than one clause. Underline the subjects once and
the verbs twice. Circle the connectors. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect
(I).

1. The software should be used on an IBM computer, and this computer is an IBM. ( )
2. The rain clouds can be seen in the distance, but no has fallen. ( )
3. They are trying to sell their house, it has been on the market for two months. ( )
4. So the quality of the print was not good, I changed the toner cartridge. ( )
5. The lifeguard will warn you about the riptides, or she may require you to get out of the
water. ( )

Adverb time and cause connector

Adverb time and cause connector

Time Cause
After As soon as As Now that
As Before Because Since
As long as By the time Inasmuch as
Once When
Since Whenever
Until while

S V Adv connect S V
Adv connect S V, S V

1. Since the bank closes in less an hour, the deposits need to be tallied immediately. ( )
2. Their backgrounds are thoroughly investigated before are admitted to the organization.
( )
 3. The citizens are becoming more and more incensed about traffic accidents whenever the
accidents occur at that intersectin. ( )
4. The ground had been prepared, the seedlings were carefully planted. ( )
5. We can start the conference now that all the participants have arrived. ( )

Exercise 2
Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentence.

1.the prisoners were prevented from speaking to reorters because...

a. not wanting the story in the papers

b. the story in the papers the superintendent did not want

c. the public to hear the story

d. the superintendent did not want the story in the papers.

2. like Thomas Berge’s fictional character Little Big man, Lauderdale managed to find himself
where...................of important events took place.

a. it was an extraordinary number

b. there was an extraordinary number

c. an extraordinary number.

d. an extraordinary number existed

3. .................sucked groundwater from below, some parts of the city have begun to sink as much
as ten inches annually.

a. Pumps have

b. as pumps have.

c. so pumps have

d. with pumps

4. case studies are the target of much skepticism in the scientific community, .........usd
extensively by numerous researchers.

a. they are

b. are
c. yet they

d. yet they are

5. according to the hypothesis in the study, the monarch pick up the magnetic field of
the.....migrate by following magnetic fields.

a. target monarchs

b. target since monarchs

c. target since monarchs are

d. target

6. .............show the relations among neurons, they do not preclude the possibility that other
aspects are important.

a. Neural theories

b. a neural theory

c. although neural theories

d. however neural theories

7. ...........or refinanced, the lender will generally require setting up an escrow account to ensure
the payment or property taxes and homeowner’s insurance.

a. a home is

b. a home is bought

c. when a home

d. when a home is bought

8. if ultraviolet radiation enterss the Earth’s atmosphere,................generally blocked by the

ozone concentrated in the atmoshere.

a. it

b. it is

c. so it is

d. then it
 Review 1-2
1.The three basic chords in............the tonic, the dominant, and the subdominant

a. functional harmony

b. functional harmony is

c. functional harmony are.

d. functional harmony they are

2. .........Hele Telescope, at the Palomar Observatory in southern California, scientists can

photograph objects several billion light years away.

a. the

b. with the

c. they use the

d.it is the

3. without the proper card installed inside the computer,................impossible to run a grraphical
program.

a. is definitely

b. because of

c. it is

d. is

4. the charter for the Louisiana lottery was coming up for renewal,....................spared no expense
in the fight to win renewal.

a. the lottery committee

b. so the lottery committee

c. so the lottery committee

d. the lottery committee made

5. while in reality Alpha a. it appears

b. but it appears
 c. appears

d. despite it

6. The Sun’s gravity severely distorted the path of the comet.................enterd its wildy erratic
orbit around Jupiter.

a. it

b. when

c. after the comet came into it

d. once the comet

7. Each object...............Jupiter’s magnetic field is deluged with electrical charges.

a. enters

b. it enters

c. entering

d. enter

8. As its name suggets, the Prairie Wetlands Resource Center ...............the protection of wetlands
on the prairies of the Dakotas, Montana, Minnesota, and Nebraska.

a. it focuses

b. focuses on

c. focusing on

Centauri is a triple star...............to the naked eye to be a single star.

d. to focus on

9. One of the largest and most powerful birds of prey in the world,.............a six-foot wingspan
and legs and talons roughly the size of a man’s arms and legs

a. so the harpy has

b. the harpy having

c. with the harpy having

d. the harpy has

10. ............creation of such a community was a desirable step, the requisite political upheaval
had to be accepted.

a. since the

b. the

c. later, the

d. it was the