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Acne Vulgaris - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Nursing Management

Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin disorder characterized by lesions on the face, neck, chest, and back, primarily due to sebaceous gland obstruction and inflammation. Risk factors include hormonal changes, genetics, and dietary habits, while clinical features range from comedones to pustules. Management involves medical treatments like antibiotics and retinoids, alongside dietary modifications and nursing care to promote hygiene and skin health.

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8 views5 pages

Acne Vulgaris - Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Nursing Management

Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin disorder characterized by lesions on the face, neck, chest, and back, primarily due to sebaceous gland obstruction and inflammation. Risk factors include hormonal changes, genetics, and dietary habits, while clinical features range from comedones to pustules. Management involves medical treatments like antibiotics and retinoids, alongside dietary modifications and nursing care to promote hygiene and skin health.

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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Acne Vulgaris

Introduction
 Acne vulgaris is a most common inflammatory disorder of
sebaceous gland.
 Acne vulgaris begin during puberty and commonly found in male.
 Acne vulgaris occur due to abnormality into sebum production.

Definition
 Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin disorder that develops lesions on
the face, neck, chest, shoulder and back due to obstruction and
inflammation of sebaceous gland and follicles.
 Acne vulgaris occur with different forms such as - comedians,
nodules, pustules and papules.
 Low self-esteem, depression and anxiety are common features in
patients with acne.

Risk factors
 Unknown
 Increase androgen activity
 Genetic disorder
 Obesity
 Infection of sebaceous duct
 Hormonal change
 Abnormal follicle differentiation
 Excessive sebum production
 Obstruction in sebaceous duct

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 Family history of acne


 Proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes
 Smoking and stress
 Environmental change
 Salon facial massage
 Dietary supplements (High fat diet).

Pathophysiology
Cause / puberty
↓
Increase androgen level
↓
Excessive enlargement of the sebaceous gland
↓
Increase production of sebum and oil
↓
Sebum and oil accumulate below the epidermis
↓
Acne.

Clinical features
 Closed comedones ( white heads )
 Open comedones ( black heads )
 Small and whitish papules
 Pimples and nodules
 Oily skin
 Localize pain and tenderness
 Pus formation into pustules
 Cysts formation
 Deep scanning.

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Diagnostic examination
 Family history collection.
 Physical examination
 Assess endocrine function
 Biopsy of lesions.

Medical management
 Administer topical and oral antibiotics.
 Systemic antibiotics - doxycycline, minocycline.
 Retinoid therapy - reduces abnormal hyper proliferative
keratinocytes sites and inhibits sebum production.
 Topical antibacterial and comedolytics.
 Benzoyl peroxide
 Vitamin A acid
 Hormone therapy
 Laser and phototherapy treatment.

Dietary management
 Avoid - chocolate, milk product, tea, coffee, cola, fried foods,
excessive oily foods, junk foods and high spicy foods.

Nursing management
 Nurses conduct physical examinations and collect family history.
 Assess patient endocrine function.
 Monitor patient dietary patterns.

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 Nurse advices to patients to wash their face with oil free face
wash and water.
 Encourage the patient to avoid high spicy and oily foods.
 Provide instruction about avoiding manipulation of pimple
blackheads.
 Nurse provide education about -
 Do not squeeze and prick the acne.
 Do not use oily cosmetics.
 Do not hard scrubs during face wash.
 To maintain a balanced diet.
 Away from dusty environment.
 Maintain hygiene.

Key Points
1. Inflammation disorder of sebaceous gland - Acne Vulgaris.

2. Which gland affects acne vulgaris - Endocrine Gland.

3. Common features found with acne, at puberty - Low Self-


esteem and Depression.

4. Common cause of acne - Diet.

5. Inflammatory lesions with few pustules - Moderate Acne.

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6. Blackheads also know - Open comedies.

7. Whiteheads also known as - Closed Comedones.

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