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Restraints
Definition
 Restraints are defined as the protective devices which are used to control and intentionally restrict a person's
voluntary movements or behaviour to prevent injury to the client.
 Restraints are the physical, chemical or environmental measures used to control the patient activity and
actions.
 A restraint is a medical device medications are used to control and restrict the patient movement or
behaviour.
 Restraints is a device that helps make the patients injured part or affected part immobile and move quickly.

Purpose of restraints
 Keep a person in a proper position and prevent movement.
 To control and prevent harmful behaviour.
 Immobilized the injured part.
 Restrict the activity of clients.
 To control or manage patient hyperactivity disorder.
 To perform any procedure in the correct manner.
 To prevent fall to prevent self injury.
 To protect medical devices such as tubes, catheters, Tracheostomy tubes etc.
 To protect children from injury.

Indications
 For hyperactive patients.
 Requirement for emergency life saving treatment.
 For any sample collection.
 At risk of harm to self and others.
 Under mental health act 2007.
 Requirement during ECT.

Restraint policy
 Always select the safe and appropriate restraint.
 Restraint applies after doctor prescription in written order.
 Cotton pads are used to maintain the comfort of children.
 Restraint should be open every 2 hours.
 Before restraint, maintain body alignment and restraint should not be tight.
 Nurses observe the patient every 30 minute, for any restraint complication.
 Body circulation should be maintained.
 Restraint should not interfere with treatment.
 Nurses collect doctor prescriptions, if the patient needs restraint again.
 To maintain the easily releasable restraint knot.
 To maintain patient restraint documentation.

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Types of restraints
1. Physical restraint
2. Chemical restraint
3. Environmental restraint

1. Physical restraint

 Physical restraint is a purposely limiting or control of the freedom of a person's bodily movement.
 Physical restraint directly applies to the body of a patient.
 Physical restraint uses mechanical devices, material or equipment attached to the person's body to obstruct
the movements.
 Types of physical restraints -

a. Mummy restraints
b. Elbow restraints
c. Extremity restraints
d. Abdominal restraints
e. Jacket restraints
f. Safety belt restraints
g. Mitten aur finger restraints

a. Mummy restraints -

 Mummy restraints more commonly used in children.

 Mummy restraints used to restrict the children movement for examination, procedure and treatment.
 Mummy restraints cover the patient's body by bandaging from shoulder to waist.

Indication of mummy restraints

 Scalp vein puncture

 Stitches on face, neck and head
 Ear and eye irrigation
 To immobilized the arm and legs of an infant
 Weight assessment
 For gastric lavage
 Restrict all extremities.

b. Elbow restraints

 Elbow and knee restraints used to control the flexion of elbow and knee.

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 Elbow restraints used to protect NG tubes, stitches on lips, face, neck and head.
 Elbow restraints also used in case of head and face surgeries.
 Good example of elbow restraints is cleft lips and cleft palate.

c. Extremity restraints

 Also known as wrist or ankle or clove hitch restraint.

 It is used to immobilize the extremities ( arm and legs ).
 Commonly clove hitch restraint used for the protect cannula or prevent dislodged the cannula during IV
therapy of children.

d. Abdominal restraint

 Abdominal restraint is used to hold the infant in a supine position on the bed.
 Abdominal restraint can not interfere with the bowel movement and normal respiration pattern.

e. Jacket restraint

 Jacket restraint used to prevent the fall, injury and used to protect patients in bed or prevent them from
getting out of bed.
 In jacket restraint, jacket made up of soft cloth and leather.

f. Safety belt restraint

 Safety belt restraint used to prevent fall and injury.

 It is used during transfer and shifts the patient on a stretcher or chair.

g. Mitten or finger restraints

 Restrict the movement of fingers.

 Nurses maintain the mitten softly and should not interfere with finger circulation.

2. Chemical restraint

 Chemical restraint is a form of medical restraint.

 Chemical restraint restricts the movement and action of patients by use of drugs or sedatives.
 Commonly used for mental in it.

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3. Environmental restraint

 Environment restraint is used to separate a person, where they cannot get out.
 Environment restraint isolates the patient, who is violent, hyperactive and mental ill.
 For example - non stimulating environments provide for mania patients.

Restraint complication
 Trauma and injury of skin.
 Brushing and lacerations.
 Nerve paralysis.
 Circulation compromised.
 Emotional stress.
 Hyperthermia, acidosis, hypoxia.

Nursing care of restraints

 Nurse monitors the patient's vital signs and physically examines them.
 Nurses identify which type of restraint is required.
 Nurses maintain trustful relationships with patients.
 Nurse explained the restraint procedure and the benefits of restraint.
 Identify the doctor prescription.
 Apply restraint in an appropriate manner and restraint should not be tight.
 Nurse monitor sign of injury, circulation and range of motion.
 Nurses observe the comfort level of patients with restraint.
 Provide nutritional and hydration needs for the patient.
 To complete the restraint documentation and maintain.
 Nurses observe the patient every 30 minut for any restraint complication.
 Nurses open the restrain every 2 hours and again apply retrain with doctor prescription.
 Nurses observe any skin injury and skin care.
 Nurse checks the pulse for circulation.

Key Points

1. Physically, chemically, and environmental measures used to control patient activity by - Restraints

2. Medication used to restrict the patient movement in - Chemical restraint

3. Mania patients require type restraint - Environmental restraint

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4. To control patient body movement by medical device in - Physical restraint

5. Cleft lip and cleft palate disease in children require which type restraint - Elbow restraint

6. Which restraint covers the patient by bandaging from shoulder to waist - Mummy restraints

7. Clove hitch restraint also known as - Wrist and ankle restraint

8. Common restraint used to protect cannula and prevent dislodged the cannula - Wrist and ankle
restraint

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