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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the contents of the practical record for DATA
ANALYSIS AND BUSINESS MODELING is the bonafide work done and submitted
by………………………………. (Reg.No:…………………………) of I-
MBA on …………………for the practical and Viva Voce Examination
held at Surya Engineering College,Mettukadai, Erode.

Faculty Incharge Head of the Department

Submitted for the Practical Examination held on ----------------------------------------------

Internal Examiner External

Examiner

2
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Ex. No. Date Title Pg. No. Sign

Descriptive Statistics
1 a) Frequencies
b) Descriptives
c) Crosstabs
Hypothesis-Parametric
a) One sample t-Test
2 b) Paired Sample t-Test
c) One-Way ANOVA

Hypothesis-Non Parametric
a) Runs Test
3 b) Chi-Square
c) Mann-Whitney U-Test
d) Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
e) Kruskal-Wallis Test
Correlation And Regression
4 a)Correlation
b)Regression

5 Forecasting

6 Ratio Analysis

7 Portfolio Selection

8 Risk And Sensitivity Analysis

9 Revenue Management

10 Revenue Management -2

Transportation And Assignment

11 a)Transportation Problem
b)Assignment Problem

12 Networking Models

13 Queuing Theory

14 Inventory Models

15 Inventory Model- 2.(ABC Analysis)

3
Ex.No:1 GENERAL EXPERIMENT
Date: CREATING A DATA FILE USING SPSS
AIM:

To practice Entering the Data in SPSS.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Go to All programs  SPSS  SPSS statistics and click to open SPSS main window.

Step 2: Go to File  Open  Data to open the data sheet.

Step 3: It will ask for the destination to store the file. Select the destination folder in the

computer and name the document and click on save to save the statistics document file.

Step 4: Go to variable screen from the bottom toolbar of the sheet.

Step 5: Type the Variable Name, Type, Width, Decimal Points required and other required

information to create the variable.

Step 6: Use the same procedure for creates the required data variables.

Step 7: Go to data view table and type the data on the variable in the sheet.

4
CREATING A DATA FILE

OUTPUT SCREEN

5
RESULT:

Data have been stored in the table.

6
Ex No: 1(a) DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Date: (FREQUENCIES)

AIM:
To make Frequencies analysis using SPSS.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in
Experiment No. 1
Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu.
Step 3: Now click Descriptive Statistics  Frequencies from the Analyze sub – menu.
Step 4: Select the Variable1 from frequency table and take it to the Variable(s) list box by
clicking  button.
Step 5: Keeping all other options unchanged, click OK to execute command.
Step 6: The output will be published in a new window.

7
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
FREQUENCIES

OUTPUT SCREEN

8
RESULT:
Descriptive Statistics (Frequencies) is conducted and the result is identified.

9
Ex No: 1(b) DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Date: (DESCRIPTIVES)

AIM:
To make Descriptive analysis using SPSS.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Experiment No.
1
Step 2: Click Analyze  Descriptive Statistics  Descriptive
Step 3: Holding Shift Key (or) Ctrl Key to select Variable and move them into the Variable(s)
list box by clicking  button.
Step 4: Click the Options button to get the dialogue box.
Step 5: Select the desired statistics by clicking the appropriate check boxes. Minimum,
Maximum, Mean and Standard Deviation are selected by default. Here, we shall keep the
default selection of statistics.
Step 6: Keeping default value for Display Order  click the Continue button to go back to the
previous dialogue box  click the OK button to execute the command.
Step 7: Following output shall be displayed in the Output Viewer Window

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DESCRIPTIVES

OUTPUT SCREEN

11
RESULT:
You see the title Descriptive followed by the Descriptive Statistics table and the result is
identified.

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Ex No: 1(c) DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Date: CROSS-TABS

AIM:
To make Crosstabs analysis using SPSS.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Experiment No.
1
Step 2: Click Analyze  Descriptive Statistics  Crosstabs
Step 3: Select Variable1 and move it to the Rows list box and select Variable2 and move it to
the Columns list box.
Step 4: Click the Cells button to get the dialogue box.
Step 5: This allows you to add additional values to your table. Click the check box to select
Observed, Expected in the Counts frame; and the Row, Column and Total in the Percentage
frame.
Step 6: Click the Continue button to go back to the previous dialogue box  and then click the
OK button to execute the command.
Step 7: Following output shall be displayed in the Output Viewer Window.

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CROSSTABS

OUTPUT SCREEN

14
RESULT:
The output will display a heading Crosstabs followed by two tables – Case Processing
Summary and Variable1 * Variable2 Cross-tabulation and the result is identified.

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Ex No: 2(a) HYPOTHESIS – PARAMETRIC
Date:
(One Sample t-Test)

AIM:

To make One Sample t – Test analysis using SPSS.

When sample is less than 30 and population standard deviation is not known, t-distribution is
used instead if standard normal distribution. The dataset for our example of bulb life as claimed
by the manufacturer is shown in the following table: (H0: µ = 3000 & H1: µ ≠ 3000)

Users Bulb life Users Bulb life

1 2789 6 2600
2 2800 7 2895
3 2300 8 3175
4 3100 9 2500
5 2750 10 2400

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Enter data given in the table above in the data editor and save it as bulblife.sav.

Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu.

Step 3: Now click Compare Means  One–Sample t–Test from the Analyze sub – menu. A
dialogue box appears;
Step 4: Select the variable Bulb-Life (in hours) and move it in the Test Variable(s) box by
clicking  button.
Step 5: Type the hypothesized population mean value (in our example, 3000) in the Test Value
box.
Step 6: Click OK button to execute command.
Step 7: The output will be published in a new window.

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ONE SAMPLE t –TEST

OUTPUT SCREEN

17
RESULT:
You will see the title t-Test followed by two tables – One Sample Statistics & One Sample
Test and the result is identified.

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Ex No: 2(b) HYPOTHESIS – PARAMETRIC
Date:
(Paired sample t-test)

AIM:

To make Paired Sample t – Test analysis using SPSS.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Experiment No.
1

Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Now click Compare Means  Paired Sample t–Test from the Analyze sub – menu to
get the dialogue box;

Step 4: Holding Shift Key (or) Ctrl Key to select two variables and shift them to Paired
Variable(s) list box by clicking  button in the centre.

Step 5: Click Options button to get the dialogue box.

Step 6: Keeping the default value of Confidence Interval Percentage  click Continue button
to go to the previous dialogue box  and then click OK to execute command.

Step 7: The output will appear in the output viewer window.

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PAIRED SAMPLE t-TEST

OUTPUT SCREEN

20
RESULT:

The output displays three tables – Paired Samples Statistics, Paired Samples Correlations &
Paired Sample Test under the title t-Test and the result is identified.

21
Ex No: 2(c) HYPOTHESIS – PARAMETRIC
Date:
One-Way ANOVA

AIM:

To make One-Way ANOVA analysis using SPSS.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Experiment
No.1.

Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Now click Compare Means  One-Way ANOVA from the Compare Means menu to
get the dialogue box;

Step 4: Select and bring the variable1 to the Dependent List box and Select variable2 and bring
it to the Factor Text box by clicking  button in the centre.

Step 5: Click Options button to get the dialogue box.

Step 6: Select Descriptive, Homogeneity of variance test and Means plot  click Continue
button to go to the previous dialogue box  and then click OK to execute command.

Step 7: In the output viewer window, table for the descriptive and ANOVA will be displayed

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ONE WAY ANOVA OUTPUT SCREEN

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24
RESULT:

The output displays three tables – Descriptive, Test of Homogeneity of Variances & ANOVA
- under the title One-way, and one graph under the title Means Plot and the result is identified.

25
Ex No: 3(a) HYPOTHESIS – NON-PARAMETRIC
Date:
(Run Test)

AIM:

To make Run Test analysis using SPSS.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Experiment No.
1

Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Now click Non-parametric  Runs  to get the dialogue box;

Step 4: Select Variable and move it to Test Variable List box by clicking  button.

Step 5: Click Options button to get the dialogue box.

Step 6: Select the desired statistics by clicking the appropriate check boxes Descriptive and
Quartiles Check boxes. Here, we shall keep the default selection of statistics.

Step 7: Click Continue button to go to the previous dialogue box  and then click OK to
execute command.

Step 7: The output will be displayed in the output viewer window.

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RUNS TEST

OUTPUT SCREEN

27
RESULT:

The output displays two tables – Descriptive Statistics and Runs Test are displayed under the
heading NPar Tests and the result is identified.

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Ex No: 3(b) HYPOTHESIS – NON-PARAMETRIC
Date:
(Chi – Square Test)

AIM:

To make Chi – Square Test analysis using SPSS.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Experiment No.
1

Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Click Descriptive Statistics  Crosstabs to get the dialogue box.

Step 4: Select Variable1 and move it to the Rows list box and select Variable2 and move it to
the Columns list box.
Step 5: Click Statistics button to get the dialogue box.
Step 6: This allows you to add additional values to your table. Click the check box to select Chi-
Square  click Continue to return to the previous dialogue box.
Step 7: Keeping all other options unchanged, click OK button to execute the command.
Step 8: The output will be appear in output viewer window.

29
CHI SQUARE TEST

OUTPUT SCREEN

30
RESULT:
Three tables – Case Processing Summary and Variable1 * Variable2 Cross-tabulation and
Chi-Square Tests – are generated under the heading Crosstabs on executing the command for
Chi-square test and the result is identified.

31
Ex No: 3(c) HYPOTHESIS – NON-PARAMETRIC
Date:
(Mann-Whitney U Test)

AIM:

To make Mann-Whitney U Test analysis using SPSS.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Experiment No.
1

Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Click Nonparametric  Legacy  2 Independent Samples to get the dialogue box.
Step 4: Select Variable and move it to Test Variable List box by clicking  button.

Step 5: Click Define Groups  assign code 0 to Group1 and 1 to Group 2  and click
Continue button to return to previous dialogue box.
Step 6: Click Options button to get the dialogue box.
Step 7: Select Descriptive and Quartiles options in Statistics frame by clicking them.
Step 8: Click Continue button to go back to the previous dialogue box and keeping all other
options unchanged.
Step 9: Click OK to execute the command.
Step 10: The output will be appear in output viewer window.

32
MANN WHITNEY U TEST

OUTPUT SCREEN

33
RESULT:
Under the title – Npar Test, a table – Descriptive Statistics are displayed. Just below this table,
two more tables – Ranks and Test Statistics are displayed under the heading Mann-Whitney
Test and the result is identified.

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Ex No: 3(d) HYPOTHESIS – NON-PARAMETRIC
Date:
(Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test)

AIM:

To make Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test analysis using SPSS.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Experiment No.
1

Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Click Nonparametric  Legacy  2 Related Samples to get the dialogue box.
Step 4: Holding Shift Key (or) Ctrl Key to select two variables and shift them to Test Pairs list
box by clicking  button in the centre.

Step 5: Click Options button to get the dialogue box.

Step 7: Select Descriptive and Quartiles by clicking on respective check boxes.
Step 8: Click Continue button to go back to the previous dialogue box and keeping all other
options unchanged.
Step 9: Click OK to execute the command.
Step 10: The output will be appear in output viewer window.

35
WILCOXON SIGNED RANK TEST

OUTPUT SCREEN

36
RESULT:
Descriptive Statistics table is displayed under the heading Npar Tests and two more tables –
Ranks and Test Statistics are displayed under the heading Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and
the result is identified.

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Ex No: 3(e) HYPOTHESIS – NON-PARAMETRIC
Date:
(Kruskal - Wallis Test)

AIM:

To make Kruskal - Wallis Test analysis using SPSS.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Experiment No.
1

Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Click Nonparametric  Legacy  K Independent Samples to get the dialogue box.
Step 4: Select the Variable1 and move it in the Test Variable(s) and Variable2 in the
Grouping Variable box by clicking  button.

Step 5: Click Define Range  type in 1 in Minimum and 3 in Maximum  and click Continue
button to return to previous dialogue box.

Step 6: Click Options button to get the dialogue box.

Step 7: Select Descriptive and Quartiles by clicking on respective check boxes.
Step 8: Click Continue button to go back to the previous dialogue box and keeping all other
options unchanged.
Step 9: Click OK to execute the command.
Step 10: The output will be appear in output viewer window.

38
KRUSKAL- WALLIS TEST

OUTPUT SCREEN

39
RESULT:
Descriptive Statistics table is displayed under the heading Npar Tests and two more tables –
Ranks and Test Statistics are displayed under the heading Kruskal-Wallis Test and the result is
identified.

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Ex No: 4(a) CORRELATION & REGRESSION
Date:
CORRELATIONS

AIM:
To make correlation analysis using SPSS.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Experiment
No.1
Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Click Correlate  Bivariate to get the dialogue box.

Step 4: Holding Shift Key (or) Ctrl Key to select two or more variables and move these variables
to the Variables box by clicking  button in the centre.

Step 5: Click Options button to get the dialogue box.

Step 6: To find out Means and standard deviations for each of the selected variables, select
appropriate check boxes in the Statistics frame.
Step 7: Click Continue button to go back to the previous dialogue box and keeping all other
options unchanged.
Step 8: Click OK to execute the command.
Step 9: The output will be appear in output viewer window.

41
CORRELATION

OUTPUT SCREEN

42
RESULT:
Under the major heading – Correlations, a table titled Correlations is displayed and the result
where identified.

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Ex No: 4(b) CORRELATION & REGRESSION
Date:
REGRESSION

AIM:
To make Multiple Regression analysis using SPSS.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Open the SPSS datasheet and feed the data as per the instruction given in Experiment
No.1
Step 2: Click Analyze to get the sub – menu

Step 3: Click Regression  Linear to get the dialogue box.

Step 4: Select Variable1 and move it to Dependent text box and holding Shift Key (or) Ctrl Key
to select two or more Variables and bring these variables to the Independent(s) list box by
clicking  button in the centre.

Step 5: Keeping other options unchanged  click OK button to execute command.

Step 6: The output will be appear in output viewer window.

44
REGRESSION

OUTPUT SCREEN

45
RESULT:
Under the title Regression, four tables – Variables Entered and Removed, Model Summary,
ANOVA and Coefficients – will be displayed and the result where identified.

46
Ex No: 5
FORECASTING
Date:

AIM:
To describes the formula syntax and usage of the FORECAST function in Microsoft Excel.
Calculates, or predicts, a future value by using existing values. The predicted value is a y-value
for a given x-value. The known values are existing x-values and y-values, and the new value is
predicted by using linear regression. You can use this function to predict future sales, inventory
requirements, or consumer trends. The dataset for our example of Tata Consultancy Services
Profit since March 2009 - 2012 is shown in the following table;
A B
Known X
Known Y
1 Time Period
Profit (in Rs. Cr.)
(Duration)
2 4696.21 March 2009
3 5618.51 March 2010
4 7569.99 March 2011
5 10975.98 March 2012
Syntax:
FORECAST(x, known_y's, known_x's)
* The FORECAST function syntax has the following arguments:
 X Required. The data point for which you want to predict a value.
 Known_y's Required. The dependent array or range of data.
 Known_x's Required. The independent array or range of data.

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Click Start  All Programs  Microsoft Office  Microsoft Office Excel 
Spreadsheet will appear on your screen.
Step 2: Enter data given in the table above in the spreadsheet.
Step 3: Type the predict value of known x in B6th Cell as “March 2013”
Step 4: Type the FORECAST formula in A6th Cell as “=FORECAST (B6, A2:A5, B2:B5)”
 press ENTER.
Step 5: The Predicts a value for y given an x value of March 2013 is shown in A6th Cell.

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FORECASTING

OUTPUT SCREEN

48
RESULT:
We get the predict value of known y using forecast analysis for the year March 2013.

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Ex No: 6
RATIO ANALYSIS
Date:

AIM:

To calculate Ratio Analysis of XYZ company by using Microsoft Excel.

Problem

Profit and Loss A/C 31 DEC 2010 31 DEC 2011.

PROFIT AND LOSS 31 DEC 2010 31 DEC 2011

PARTICULARS AMOUNT AMOUNT AMOUNT AMOUNT
SALES:
CASH 150 150
CREDIT 330 480 420 600
LESS:
CLOSING INVENTORY 260 230 275 265
GROSS PROFIT 30 250 10 335
LESS:
OPERATING EXPENSES 75 75
ADMINISTRATIVE 15 20
EXPENSES
FINANCIAL EXPENSES:
SELLING AND 55 148 60 150
DISTRIBUTION
EXPENSES
NET PROFIT BEFORE TAX 102 185
LESS:
CORPORATION TAX 25 47
NET PROFIT AFTER TAX 77 138

50
 BALANCE SHEET
PARTICULARS AMOUNT AMOUNT AMOUNT AMOUNT
FIXED ASSET:
BUILDING& LAND 60 90
EUIPMENT 110 170 85 175
CURRENT ASSET:
INVENTORY 30 10
DEBTORS 50 90
CASH 150 230 100 200
TOTAL 400 375

CURRENT LIABILITIES & OWNERS EQUITY

PARTICULARS AMOUNT AMOUNT AMOUNT AMOUNT
CREDITORS 80 55
DIVIDENDS 30 42
OVER DRAFT 4 114 20 117
OWNERS EQUITY 286 258
TOTAL 400 375

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PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Select Microsoft in windows by clicking start -> All programms -> Microsoft Office
-> Microsoft Excel.
Step 2: Enter new problem and give title (E.g. Ratio analysis of XYZ Company Ltd., ).
Step 3: Enter the details of XYZ company Ltd., details.
Step 4: Calculate the business profitability, financial stability and resource utilization ratio’s
using the following formula’s.
Step 5: Then type “ Business Profitability” :
Gross profit Margin = Gross profit/ Net sales
Net Profit Margin = Net profit after tax / Net sales
Return on Equity = Net profit after tax / Owner’s equity.
Step 6: Then type “ Financial Stability” :
Current Ratio = Current Assets/ current liabilities
Debt/ Equity Ratio = (Total Assets – owner’s equity) / Owner’s equity.
Quick Ratio = (Current Assets – Inventory) / Current Liabilities.
Step 7: Then type “ Resource Allocation” :
Total Assets Turnover = Net Sales / Total Assets
Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods sold / Inventory.
Debt Turnover = Credit Sales / Debtors

Step 8: Click Ok, the final output will be displayed..

52
RATIO ANALYSIS

OUTPUT SCREEN

53
RESULT:
We get the output for Ratio Analysis successfully generated through Microsoft Excel.

54
Ex No: 7
PORTFOLIO SELECTION
Date:

AIM:

To obtain feasible solution through Portfolio Selection for the given data using MS – Excel.

To calculate portfolio purchased 100 shares of stock at a cost of $55 per share. To hedge the
risk that the stock might decline. In value, purchased 60 six-month European put options. Each
option has an exercise of $45 and costs $5.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Start the Microsoft office by clicking Start -> All Programs -> Microsoft Office->
Microsoft Office Excel.

Step 2: In Microsoft excel window, Enter inputs in A2 cells, n shares in A3 cells. Put cost in A6
and their respective values are entered in B2, B3, B4, B5 and B6 cells.

Step 3: Then click formula menu define names create from selection to range the value

Step 4: In A7 cell, type start value and calculate it by using, formula start value = (Nshares *
price now) + (Nputs * Putcost). The formula is typed in formula tab. Then press F3 to select
the defined names.

Step 5: In cells A8 type final stock, in B8 type final put value, in C8 type final share value, In B8
type percentage return hedged and E8 type percentage return unhedged.

Step 6: Calculate final put value, Final share value, percentage return hedged and percentage
return unhedged by using formula.

Final put value = (IF(final stock price <= Exprice , Exprice – Final stock price,0))*Nputs
Final share value = N shares * Final stock price
Percentage return hedged = ((Final share value+Final put value)- Start value)*100/start
value.
Percentage return unhedged= (Final share value- N shares* price now)*100 / (N shares*
price now)
Step 7: Then the output will be verified.

55
PORTFOLIO SELECTION

OUTPUT SCREEN

56
RESULT:
Thus the Portfolio Selection result was successfully generated through Microsoft Excel.

57
Ex No: 8
RISK AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
Date:

AIM:

To obtain feasible solution through Risk and Sensitivity Analysis for the given data
using MS- Excel.

Controllable inputs – Unit price Rs, 29

Uncontrollable inputs: Unit sold 700 units, Unit variable cost Rs.8, Fixed cost Rs
12,000.
PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Start the Microsoft Excel by clicking Start -> All programs -> Microsoft office ->
Microsoft Excel.
Step 2: Type controllable input in A2 cell, then enter unit price and enter their corresponding
values in B3 and C3 cells. Similarly type uncontrollable inputs in all cells under A5, A6, A7
type unit sold, unit variables, fixed cost and enter their values respectively.
Step 3: Then click Formula Menu -> Defined Names -> create from selection to range the
values.
Step 4: In A8 cells, type performance measure under B9 cell type net cash. Then net cash will
be calculated using the formula, = Unit Sold* (Unit Price- Unit Variable Cost) – Fixed Cost
in formula tab.
Step 5: Choose some values for unit sold and enter in cell and find out net cash flow for finding
net cash flow. Go to Data menu -> Data tools -> What –if analysis ->Data table then enter the
column cell value as A4 or C4.
Step 6: Similarly calculate net cash flow for risk analysis. Go to Data Menu-> Data tools ->
What –if analysis ->Data table. In data table dialog box appears enter row as C4 and Column as
C5.
Step 7: Draw graph go to Insert Menu-> Charts->Column 3d Column -> Graph for visualize the
data.
Step 8: To make a title go layout menu -> Axis titles for enter the title.
Step 9: Output can be verified.

58
RISK & SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

OUTPUT SCREEN

59
RESULT: We get the output for Risk &Sensitivity Analysis
60
Ex No: 9
REVENUE MANAGEMENT
Date:

AIM:

To obtain feasible solution through Revenue Management using MS-Excel.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Select Microsoft in windows by clicking start -> All programms -> Microsoft Office
-> Microsoft Excel.
Step 2: Enter new problem and give title (E.g. REVENUE MANAGEMENT).
Step 3: In Microsoft Excel window, type Wal Mart Revenue in A2 cell.
Step 4: Enter year , quarter, revenue, Annual Revenue in A4, B4, C4 and D4 cell respectively.
Step 5: Enter the value for year, quarter and revenue.
Step6: Then calculate Annual Revenue by using formula
= If (MOD (row(1,4) = 1, sum (c5:c8))
Step 7: Then stop the process.

61
REVENUE MANAGEMENT

OUTPUT SCREEN

62
RESULT:
We get the output for Revenue Management result successfully generated through Microsoft
Excel.

63
Ex No:10
REVENUE MANAGEMENT -2
Date:

AIM:
Use the solver in Excel to use to estimate the weekly revenue for our example coffee
shop and to determine how many cups of each type of coffee we will need to sell.

ALGORITHMS:

Step 1: Start programs Ms - office – MS Excel.

Step 2: From the file menu create a new worksheet.
Step 3: Type the text in the worksheet.
Step 4: On the Data tab, Choose Tools, Solver. The Solver Parameters dialog box
will open.
Step 5: If the Set Target Cell text box, select the text box and then click cell G33 to
insert G33 in the target cell.
Step 6: Select the Max option following the Equal To label, to find the maximum value
for the target cell.
Step 7: Click the button at the right end of the By Changing Cells text box to collapse the
dialog box. Select each of the variable cells such as G20, G24, and G28. Hold
down the Ctrl key and click each cell such as G20, G24, and G28.
Step 8: Click the Add button to add the first constraint using the Add Constraint dialog
box.
Step 9: Click Add to enter the first constraint. Select total cups <= Max cups.
Step 10: Click Add to enter the second constraint. Select Premium cups <= Max Premium.
Step 11: Click Add to enter the third constraint. Select cups I need to sell Premium Mocha
<= Max Mocha.
Step 12: Click the OK button in the Add Constraint dialog box to display all three
constraints in the Solver Parameters dialog box.
Step 13: To modify one of the constraints that appears in the Solver Parameters dialog
box, select the constraint and click the Change button.
64
Step 14: To customize the iteration and calculation parameters in the Solver utility, click
the Options button and make your adjustments.
Step 15: click the Solve button to calculate the result.
Step 16: Save & close the file.

65
INPUT VARIABLE:

OUTPUT:

66
67
Result:
Thus the programme Revenue Management has been created successfully by using Ms-
Excel.

68
Ex No: 11 (a) TRANSPORTATION & ASSIGNMENT
Date:
(Transportation Problem)

AIM:
To obtain Optimum Transportation cost using TORA.

Problem
Distribution Centers
Availability
D1 D2 D3 D4
Origin S1 11 13 17 14 250
S2 16 18 14 10 300
S3 21 24 13 10 400
Requirements 200 225 275 250

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Select TORA in windows.
Step 2: Press any key to continue and select Transportation problem.
Step 3: Enter new problem and give title (E.g. Sink).
Step 4: Enter the Source and Destinations count.
Step 5: Press Y for yes and N for No for the User defined names.
Step 6: Enter the user names for Source and Destination if you pressed Y.
Step 7: Type the Supply (3) and Demand (4) values as available in the problem.
Step 8: Enter the Source values for different destinations.
Step 9: Save the file and press enter.
Step 10: Select solve -> Solve Problem -> Iterations and select the method.

Step 11: Optimum solution summary is displayed in the window.

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TRANSPORTATION MODEL:

INPUT SCREEN:

OUTPUT SCREEN:

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RESULT:
We get the output for Transportation Problem.

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Ex No: 11 (b) TRANSPORTATION & ASSIGNMENT
(Assignment Problem)
Date:

AIM:
To obtain Optimal Assignment using TORA.

Problem
Machines
M1 M2 M3 M4
J1 5 7 11 6
JOBS
J2 8 5 9 6
J3 4 7 10 7
J4 10 4 8 3

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Select TORA in windows.
Step 2: Press any key to continue and select Transportation problem.
Step 3: Enter new problem and give title (E.g. Machine).
Step 4: Enter the Source and Destinations count.
Step 5: Press Y for yes and N for No for the User defined names.
Step 6: Enter the user names for Source and Destination if you pressed Y.
Step 7: Type the Supply (4) and Demand (4) values as 1.
Step 8: Enter the Machine values for different Operators.
Step 9: Save the file and press enter.
Step 10: Select solve -> Solve Problem -> Iterations and select the method.

Step 11: Optimum solution summary is displayed in the window.

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ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM
INPUT SCREEN

OUTPUT SCREEN

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RESULT:
We get the output for Assignment Problem.

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Ex No: 12
NETWORKING MODELS
Date:

AIM:

To determine the Critical Path for the projects using TORA.

Data

Activity 1-2 1-3 1-5 2-3 2-4 3-4 3-5 3-6 4-6 5-6

Duration 8 7 12 4 10 3 5 10 7 4

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Select TORA in windows.

Step 2: Press any key to continue and select project planning– Critical path (CPM).

Step 3: Enter new problem and give title (E.g. CPM1).

Step 4: Enter the number of nodes in project.

Step 5: Enter the duration at the appropriate nodes – E.g. 1-2 means N1-N2 = 8 and there are no
1-4 activities so N1-N4 = inf.
Step 6: Save the file and press enter.
Step 7: Select solve -> Solve Problem -> Goto output screen -> Select CPM Calculations -> All
Steps.
Step 8: Optimum solution summary is displayed in the window.

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CRITICAL PATH METHOD:

INPUT SCREEN:

OUTPUT SCREEN:

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RESULT:
We get the output for Networking Models.

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Ex No: 13
QUEUING THEORY
Date:

AIM:

To determine the Waiting time and Length of Queue using TORA.

Data

Trucks at a single platform weigh-bridge arrive according to Poisson probability distribution.

The time required to weigh the truck follows an exponential probability distribution. The mean
arrival rate is 12 trucks per day, and the mean service rate is 18 trucks per day.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Select TORA in windows.

Step 2: Press any key to continue and select Queuing Analysis.

Step 3: Enter new problem and give title (E.g. CPM1).

Step 4: Enter the number of scenarios.

Step 5: Enter the data for Lambda, Mu, Number of servers, System Limit and Source
Limit.

Step 7: Select solve and go to output screen. Select scenario 1.

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QUEUING THEORY:

INPUT SCREEN:

OUTPUT SCREEN:

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RESULT:
We get the output for Queuing Theory.

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Ex No: 14 INVENTORY MODELS
Date:

AIM:

To Calculate the Economic Order Quantity using Excel.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Select Ms-Excel.

Step 2: Enter the data in cells (Demand, Carrying costs, ordering cost).

Step 3: To find EoQ, enter the formula. = SQRT ((2 * Ordering Cost * Demand) / Carrying
Cost).

Step 4: Save the File.

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INVENTORY MODEL:

OUTPUT SCREEN:

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RESULT:
We get the output for Inventory Models.

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Ex No: 15 INVENTORY MODELS (ABC ANALYSIS)
Date:

AIM:
T o categorize the Inventory model by using Ms- Excel..

ALGORITHMS:

Step 1: Start programs Ms - office – MS Excel.

Step 2: From the file menu create a new worksheet.
Step 3: Type the text in the worksheet.
Step 4: Enter the Item No, Annual Demand and unit Price.Calcualte the annual usuage
by multiplying annual demand and unit price.
Step 5: calculate the annual usuage percentage by using the formula =annual usuage/total
annual usuage *100.
Step 6: click sor and filter icon and select custom sort a dialog box appear. In choose
annual usuage percentage, values and choose largest to smallest in order and click
ok.
Step 7: Then cumulative the annual usuage % by using the formula = sum(annual usuage
+annual usuage % 2nd value.
Step 8: categorize the annual usuage percentage based on the values.
Step 9 : finally the output will be displayed in the window

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INPUT VARIABLE:

OUTPUT:

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Result:
Thus the programme Inventory model has been created successfully by using Ms-Excel.

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