Eclipse Ser ies

RF Technology
[email protected]

September 2003 Revision 2

T800 Tr ansmitter
Oper ation and Maintainance Manual

This manual is produced by RF Technology Pty Ltd

10/8 Leighton Place, Hornsby NSW 2077 Australia
Copyright © 1997, 1998, 2003 RF Technology
CONTENTS CONTENTS

1. Operating Instructions 5
1.1 Front Panel controls and Indicators 5
1.1.1 PTT 5
1.1.2 Line 5
1.1.3 PWR LED 5
1.1.4 TX LED 5
1.1.5 ALARM LED 6
1.1.6 ALC LED 6
1.1.7 REF LED 6
1.1.8 TEST MIC 6

2. Transmitter Internal J umper Options 7

2.1 JP2: EPROM Type 7
2.2 JP3: Dc Loop PTT 7
2.3 JP4: Audio Input source 7
2.4 JP5: 600 ¿ Termination 7
2.5 JP6: Input Level Attenuation 8
2.6 JP7: Audio Frequency Response 8
2.7 JP8: Subaudible Tone Source 8
2.8 JP9, JP10, JP11 dc Loop PTT Input Configuration JP3 (1-2) 8
2.9 JP16: Direct Digital Input (Rev 4 or Higher) 8
2.10 JP17: Bypass Low Pass Filter (Rev 4 or Higher) 9
2.11 JP19: Alarm Output (Rev 4 or Higher) 9
2.12 JP22: Use Tone- as a Direct Digital Input (Rev 4 or Higher) 9
2.13 JP23: Connection of DMTX Board (Rev 4 or Higher) 9

3. Transmitter Internal J umper Options

3.1 25 Pin Connector 10
3.2 Rear Panel Connectors 11

4. Channel and Tone Frequency Programming 12

5. Circuit Description 13
5.1 VCO Section 13
5.2 PLL Section 13
5.3 Power Amplifier 14
5.4 Temperature Protection 14
5.5 600 ¿ Line Input 14
5.6 Direct coupled Audio Input 14
5.7 Local Microphone Input 15
5.8 CTCSS and Tone Filter 15
5.9 Audio Signal Processing 15
5.10 PTT and DC Remote Control 16
5.11 Microprocessor Controller 16
5.12 Voltage Regulator 17

6. Field Alignment Procedure 17

6.1 Standard Test Conditions 18
6.2 VCO Alignment 18
6.3 TCXO Calibration 18
6.4 Modulation Balance 19
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CONTENTS CONTENTS

6.5 Tone Deviation 19

6.6 Deviation 20
6.7 Line Input Level 20
6.8 Output Power 20

7 Specifications 21

7.1 Overall Descr iption 21

7.1.1 Channel Capacity 21
7.1.2 CTCSS 21
7.1.3 Channel Programming 21
7.1.4 Channel Selection 21
7.1.5 Microprocessor 21

7.2 Physical Configuration 22

7.3 Front Panel Controls, Indicators and Test Points 22

7.3.1 Controls 22
7.3.2 Indicators 22
7.3.3 Test Points 22

7.4 Electrical Specifications 22

7.4.1 Power Requirements 22
7.4.2 Frequency Range and Channel Spacing 23
7.4.3 Frequency Synthesizer Step Size 23
7.4.4 Frequency Stability 23
7.4.5 Number of Channels 23
7.4.6 Antenna Impedance 23
7.4.7 Output Power 23
7.4.8 Transmit Duty Cycle 23
7.4.9 Spurious and Harmonics 23
7.4.10 Carrier and Modulation Attack Time 23
7.4.11 Modulation 23
7.4.12 Distortion 24
7.4.13 Residual Modulation and Noise 24
7.4.14 600¿ Line Input Sensitivity 24
7.4.15 HI-Z Input 24
7.4.16 Test Microphone Input 24
7.4.17 External Tone Input 24
7.4.18 External ALC Input 24
7.4.19 T/R Relay Driver 24
7.4.20 Channel Select Input/Output 24
7.4.21 DC Remote Keying 25
7.4.22 Programmable No-Tone Period 25
7.4.23 Firmware Timers 25
7.4.24 CTCSS 25

7.5 Connectors 25
7.5.1 Antenna Connector 25
7.5.2 Power and I/O Connector 27
7.5.3 Test Connector 27
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CONTENTS CONTENTS

A Engineering Diagrams
A1 Block Diagram
A2 Circuit Diagram
A3 Component Overlay Diagram

B Parts List

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1 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

WARNING

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by

RF Technology could void your authority to operate this
equipment. Specifications may vary from those given in
this document in accordance with requirements of local
authorities. RF Technology equipment is subject to
continual improvement and RF Technology reserves the
right to change performance and specification without
further notice.

1 Oper ating Instr uctions

1.1 Fr ont Panel Contr ols and Indicator s
1.1.1 PTT

A front-panel push-to-talk (PTT) button is provided to facilitate bench and field tests and
adjustments. The button is a momentary action type. When keyed, audio from the line input
is disabled so that a carrier with sub-tone is transmitted. The front-panel microphone input is
not enabled in this mode, but it is enabled when the PTT line on that socket is pulled to
ground.

1.1.2 Line

The LINE trimpot is accessible by means of a small screwdriver from the front panel of the
module. It is used to set the correct sensitivity of the line and direct audio inputs. It is
factory preset to give 60% of rated deviation with an input of 0dBm (1mW on 600Ω
equivalent to 775mV RMS or about 2.2V peak-to-peak) at 1kHz. The nominal 60% deviation
level may be adjusted by measuring between pins 6 and 1 on the test socket, and adjusting the
pot. By this means an input sensitivity from approximately -30dBm to +10dBm may be
established.

An internal jumper provides a coarse adjustment step of 20dB. Between the jumper and the
trimpot, a wide range of input levels may be accommodated.

1.1.3 POWER LED

The PWR LED shows that the dc supply is connected to the receiver.

1.1.4 TX LED

The TX LED illuminates when the transmitter is keyed. It will not illuminate (and an Alarm
cadence will be shown) if the synthesizer becomes unlocked, or the output amplifier supply is
interrupted by the microprocessor.

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1.1.5 Alarm LED 1 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

1.1.5 ALARM LED

The Alarm LED can indicate several fault conditions if they are detected by the self test
program. The alarm indicator shows the highest priority fault present. Receivers using
software issue 5 and higher use the cadence of the LED flash sequence to indicate the alarm
condition. Refer to table 1. Receivers using software issue 4 and lower use the LED flash
rate to indicate the alarm condition. Refer to table 2.

LED Flash Cadence Fault Condition

5 flashes, pause Synthesizer unlocked
4 flashes, pause Tuning voltage out of range
3 flashes, pause Low forward power
2 flashes, pause High reverse (reflected) power
1 flash, pause Low dc supply voltage
LED ON continuously Transmitter timed out

Table 1: Interpretations of LED flash cadence

Indication Fault Condition

Flashing, 8 per second Synthesizer unlocked
Flashing, 4 per second Tuning voltage outside correct range
Flashing, 2 per second Low forward power
Flashing, 1 per second High reverse power
Continuous dc supply voltage low or high

Table 2: Interpretations of LED flash speed, for ear ly models

1.1.6 ALC LED

The ALC LED indicates that the transmitter output power is being controlled by an external
amplifier through the external ALC input.

1.1.7 REF LED

The REF LED indicates that the synthesizer frequency reference is locked to an external
reference.

1.1.8 TEST MIC.

The TEST MIC. DIN socket is provided for use with a standard mobile or handset 200 Ohm
dynamic microphone. The external audio inputs are disabled when the TEST MIC’S PTT is
on.
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2 TRANSMITTER INTERNAL JUMPER OPTIONS

2 Tr ansmitter Inter nal J umper Options

In the following subsections an asterisk (*) signifies the standard (Ex-Factory) configuration
of a jumper.

2.1 J P2: EPROM Type

Condition Position
27C256 2-3 *
27C64 1-2

2.2 J P3: 600 Ohm Line Dc Loop PTT Input

By default, Eclipse exciters can be keyed up by pulling the PTT signal low, or by dc loop
signalling on the audio pair.

This jumper enables or disables this second method.

Condition Position
dc loop connected (enabled) 1-2 *
dc loop not connected (bypassed) 2-3

2.3 J P4: Audio Input Sour ce Selection

Either the 600Ω or the high-Z balanced inputs may be selected.

Condition Position
600Ω Input 2-3 *
High-impedance Input 1-2

2.4 J P5: 600 ¿ Ter mination

Normally the Line Input is terminated in 600 ¿ . The 600 ohm termination can be removed
by choosing the alternate position.

Condition Position
600¿ Termination 1-2*
No Termination 2-3

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2.5 JP6: Input Level Attenuation 2 TRANSMITTER JUMPER OPTIONS

2.5 J P6: Input Level Attenuation

This jumper permits coarse input sensitivity to be set. In the default position, the unit expects
a line level of 0dBm (nominal) at its Line Input. In the alternate position, levels of
+20dBm(nominal) can be accepted.

Condition Position
0dB attenuation 1-2 *
20dB attenuation 2-3

2.6 J P7: Audio Fr equency Response

Condition Position
750 uSec. Pre-emphasis 1-2 *
Flat Response 2-3

2.7 J P8: Sub-audible Tone Source

Condition Position
Internal CTCSS 1-2, 4-5 *
External input 2-3, 5-6

2.8 J P9/10/11: dc Loop Configur ation

Dc loop current on the audio pair is normally sourced externally. The Eclipse exciters loop
the current through an opto-isolator. When the current flows the exciter keys up.

An alternative arrangement is possible. The exciters can source the current and an external
device can provide the dc loop.

These three jumpers select the appropriate mode.

Condition J P9 J P10 J P11

Current Loop Input ON OFF OFF *
12Vdc Loop source OFF ON ON

2.9 J P16: Dir ect Digital Input (Rev 4 or Higher )

Some trunking controllers have digital encoding schemes which operate to very low
frequencies. The elliptical filter, used as a 250Hz low pass filter in the tone section, can
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2 TRANSMITTER INTERNAL JUMPER OPTIONS 2.10 JP17: Bypass Low Pass Filter

cause excessive pulse edge distortion of the trunking controller’s digital signals. In such
circumstances, JP16 allows a user to bypass the low and high pass filters in the tone input
section. See also 2.12 - JP22: If direct tone input is selected, then JP22 should be removed
(open)

Condition Position
Normal Tone Input 1-2*
Direct Tone Input 2-3

2.10 J P17: Bypass Low Pass Filter (Rev 4 or higher )

Some trunking controllers have digital encoding schemes that require the low pass filter in the
tone input section to be bypassed. JP17 allows this. Normally JP17 is open circuit. Placing
a link across it will bypass the low pass filter.

In conjunction with this change, it sometimes may be necessary, depending on the type of
trunking controller used, to add a 100K resistor in the place reserved for R157.

2.11 J P19: Alar m Output (Rev 4 or higher )

The main audio transformer (T1), is connected to the Line IP1 and Line IP4 pins on P3.

These two pins constitute the main audio input for the exciter. The centre taps of the audio
transformer, though, are brought out on Line IP2, and Line IP3. These can be used as
alternate audio pins for larger signals, or to directly access the dc loop sense circuitry. JP19
allows an alternate use for Line IP2 (pin 7 of P3). In the alternate position for JP19, the
ALARM signal (the signal that drives the ALARM LED itself) is connected to pin 7 of P3.
The ALARM signal when asserted is low active; when unasserted, it pulls high to +9.4V
through an LED and a 680 ohm resistor.

Condition Position
P3, pin 7 connects to center tap of transformer T1 1-2*
P3, pin 7 connects to ALARM signal 2-3

2.12 J P22: Use Tone- as a Dir ect Digital Input (Rev 4 or higher )

JP22 is normally shunted with a jumper, which connects Tone- on P3 (pin 18), as the negative leg of the
Tone input pair. Removing this jumper disconnects Tone- from this path and allows the use of the
Tone- pin to be used as a direct digital input. See also 2.9 - JP16: If this jumper is removed, then JP16
should be in the alternative position (Direct Tone Input).

2.13 J P23: Connection of DMTX Boar d (Rev 4 or higher )

When a DMTX board is connected to an exciter, there is provision for digital or audio modulation of the
reference osciallator and the VCO. The digital signal is input via the DB9 rear connector and the audio
input signal is via the Line inputs on the standard DB25 rear panel connector.

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3.1 25 Pin Connector 3 TRANSMITTER I/O CONNECTIONS

Condition Position
No DMTX board 1-2, 5-6*
DMTX board connected 2-3, 4-5

In addition to the jumper changes, a wire link or zero ohm resistor must be connected in the
place marked for R159.

3 Tr ansmitter I/O Connections

3.1 25 Pin Connector

The D-shell 25 pin connector is the main interface to the transmitter. The pin connections are
described in table 3.

Function Signal Pins Specification

DC power +12 Vdc 1, 14 +11.4 to 16 Vdc
0 Vdc 13, 25 Ground
Channel Select 1 21 BCD Coded
2 9 0 = Open Circuit
4 22 or 0 Vdc
8 10
10 23 1 = +5 to +16 Vdc
20 11
40 24
80 12
RS232 Data In 15 Test and Programming use
Out 2 9600, 8 data 2 stop bits
600Ω Line High 20 Transformer Isolated
Low 6 Balanced 0dBm Output
150Ω / Hybrid 7
19
Direct PTT input 3 Ground to key PTT
T/R Relay driver output 16 Open collector,250mA/30V
Sub-Audible Tone Input [+] 5 >10kΩ, AC coupled
[-] 18 (1-250Hz)
High-Z Audio Input [+] 4 >10kΩ, AC coupled
[-] 17 (10Hz-3kHz)
External ALC input 8 <0.5V/1mA to obtain
>30dB attenuation, O/C
for maximum power

Table 3: Pin connections and explanations for the main 25-pin, D connector.

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 3 TRANSMITTER I/O CONNECTIONS 3.2 Rear Panel Connectors

3.2 Rear Panel Connector s

The exciter and receiver can be supplied with optional rear panel connectors that bring
out the more important signals available on P1, the rear panel DB25 connector.

Figures 1 and 2 show the rear panel connectors, and Table 4 shows the signals that are brought
out to the spade connectors. The spade connectors (2.1x0.6x7mm) are captive/soldered
at the labelled points.

Fig 1 Fig 2
RX PCB TX PCB

The Receiver and Transmitter modules plug into the back plane DB25/F connectors

To configure: Solder wire connections between appropriate points.

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 4 CHANNEL and TONE FREQUENCY PROGRAMMING

Receiver RX DESCRIPTION TX Tr ansmitter

DB25/F PCB PCB DB25/F
1, 14 +12V +12V DC SUPPLY +12V 1, 14
2 TXD TX Data TXD 2
15 RXD RX Data RXD 15
3 COR+ Carrier Operate Sw+ PressToTalk input PTT 3
16 COR- Carrier Operate Sw- Tx/Rx output T/R 16
4 TONE Subtone output Hi Z audio input+ AUD+ 4
17 AUDIO Audio output Hi Z audio input- AUD- 17
5 AGND Audio Ground Ext tone input+ TONE+ 5
18 DISC Discriminator output Ext tone input- TONE- 18
6 LINE+ Line output+ Line input+ LINE+ 6
20 LINE- Line output- Line input- LINE- 20
8 EXT SQ Ext Squelch input Auto Level Control ALC 8
13, 25 GND Ground, 0V GND 13, 25
21 BCD 1 Channel select 1’s digit BCD 1 21
9 BCD 2 Channel select 1’s digit BCD 2 9
22 BCD 4 Channel select 1’s digit BCD 4 22
10 BCD 8 Channel select 1’s digit BCD 8 10
23 BCD 10 Channel select 10’s digit BCD 10 23
11 BCD 20 Channel select 10’s digit BCD 20 11
24 BCD 40 Channel select 10’s digit BCD 40 24
12 BCD 80 Channel select 10’s digit BCD 80 12

4 Channel and Tone Fr equency Pr ogr amming

Channel and tone frequency programming is most easily accomplished with RF Technology
TecHelp software or the Service Monitor 2000 software. This software can be run on an IBM
compatible PC and provides a number of additional useful facilities. DOS and 32-bit versions
are available.

TecHelp allows setting of the adaptive noise squelch threshold, provides a simple means of
calibrating the forward and reverse power detectors, setting the power alarm preset levels, and
enabling transmitter hang time and timeout time limits. TecHelp can be supplied by your
dealer, distributor or by contacting RF Technology directly.

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5 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 5.1 VCO Section

5 Cir cuit Descr iption

The following descriptions should be read as an aid to understanding the block and schematic
diagrams given in the appendix of this manual.

5.1 VCO Section

The Voltage Controlled Oscillator uses a bipolar junction FET Q19 which oscillates at the
required transmitter output frequency. Varactor diodes D25 and D26 are used by the PLL
circuit to keep the oscillator on the desired frequency. A second varactor diode D3 is used to
frequency modulate the VCO. Transistor Q20 is used as an active filter to reduce the noise
on the oscillator supply voltage.

The VCO is keyed ON by the microcontroller through Q10. It is keyed ON when any of the
PTT inputs are active and OFF at all other times.

The VCO output is amplified and buffered by monolithic amplifiers MA2 and MA3 before
being fed to the PLL IC U6.

Amplifiers MA1, MA4 and MA5 increase the VCO output to approximately 10 mW to drive
the power amplifier. MA1 is not switched on until the PLL has locked and had time to settle.
This prevents any momentary off channel transmission when the transmitter is keyed.

5.2 PLL Section

The frequency reference for the synthesiser is a crystal oscillator using transistors Q26 and
Q27 and crystal Y3. The temperature stability is better than 5 ppm and it can be synchronised
to an external reference for improved stability. External reference option board 11/9119 is
required when using an external reference.

A positive temperature coefficient thermistor, XH1, is used in versions intended for operation
down to -30 degrees Celsius. The thermistor heats the crystal's case to maintain its
temperature above -10 degrees thus extending the oscillator stability of 5 ppm down to -30
degrees ambient.

Varactor diodes D27-30 are used to frequency modulate the oscillator. The processed transmit
audio signal from U7b varies the diodes bias voltage to modulate the reference frequency.
This extends the modulation capability down to a few Hz for sub-audible tones and digital
squelch codes. A two point modulation scheme is used with the audio also being fed to the
VCO to modulate the higher audio frequencies.

The 12.8 MHz output of Q27 is amplified by Q28 and Q29 to drive the reference input of the
PLL synthesiser IC U6. This IC is a single chip synthesiser which includes a 1.1 GHz pre-
scaler, programmable divider, reference divider and phase/frequency detector. The frequency
data for U6 is supplied via a serial data link by the microcontroller.

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5.3 Power Amplifier 5 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

The phase detector output signals of U6 are used to control two switched current sources. The
output of the positive and negative sources Q3 and Q6, produce the tuning voltage which is
smoothed by the loop filter components to bias the V.C.O. varactor diode D3.

5.3 Power Amplifier

The 10 mW output from the main board connects to the power amplifier board through a short
miniature 50Ω coaxial cable.

Q2 on the power amplifier board increases the signal to approximately200mW. The bias of
Q2 is controlled by Q1 and the power leveling circuitry to adjust the drive to the output
module U2.

U2 increases the power from the driver to 30 watts before it is fed to the directional coupler,
low pass filter and output connector. The directional coupler detects the forward and reverse
power components and provides proportional dc voltages which are amplified by U1a and
U1b.

The forward power voltage from U1a and U1b are compared to the present DC reference
voltage from RV1. The difference is amplified by U1c, Q3 and Q4. The resulting control
voltage supplies Q2 through R10, R12 and completes the power levelling control loop.

5.4 Temper atur e Pr otection

Thermistor RT1 on the power amplifier board is used to sense the case temperature of the
output module U2. If the case temperature rises above 90 degrees C, the voltage across RT1
will increase and transistor Q5 will be turned on. This reduces the dc reference voltage to the
power regulator which inturn reduces the outpower by 6-10dB.

5.5 600Ω Line Input

The 600Ω balanced line input connects to line isolation transformer T1. T1 has two 150Ω
primary windings which are normally connected in series for 600Ω lines. The dual primary
windings can be used to provide DC loop PTT signaling or a 2/4 wire hybrid connection. All
four leads are available at the rear panel system connector.

The secondary of T1 can be terminated with an internal 600Ω load through JP5 or left un-
terminated in high impedance applications.

5.6 Dir ect Coupled Audio Input

A high impedance (10kΩ) direct AC coupled input is available at the system connector. The
direct coupled input connects to U9a which is configured as a unity gain bridge amplifier.

The bridge configuration allows audio signal inversion by interchanging the positive and
negative inputs and minimizes ground loop problems. Both inputs should be connected, with
one lead going to the source output pin and the other connected to the source audio ground.
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5 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 5.7 Local Microphone Input

5.7 Local Micr ophone Input

The local microphone input is provided for use with a standard low impedance dynamic
microphone. The microphone output is amplified by U9a before connecting to analogue
switch U10a. U10b inverts the local microphone PTT input to switch U10a ON when the
microphone PTT button is pressed. U10a is OFF at all other times.

The local microphone audio has priority over the other inputs. Activation of the local
microphone PTT input switches OFF the audio from the line or direct inputs through D16 and
U10c

5.8 CTCSS and Tone Filter

The CTCSS encoder module H1, under control of the main microprocessor U13, can encode
all 38 EIA tones and (on some models) additional commonly-used tones.

The tone output of H1 connects to jumper JP8 which is used to select either H1 or an external
tone source. The selected source is coupled to U9c which is a balanced input unity gain
amplifier. The buffered tone from U9c is fed to 300 Hz low pass filter U7c.

On Rev 4 or later revisions, the low pass filter can be by passed by inserting a jumper onto
JP17.

RV3, the tone deviation trimmer, is used to adjust the level of the tone from U7c before it is
combined with the voice audio signal in the summing amplifier U7a.

Back to back diodes D4 and D5 limit the maximum tone signal amplitude to prevent
excessive tone deviation when external tone sources are used.

The subtone amplifier, filter and limiter can be bypassed on Rev 4 or later exciters by
removing the link from JP22 and moving the link in JP16 to the alternate position.

5.9 Audio Signal Processing

Jumper JP4 selects either the line or direct input source. The selected source is then
connected to JP6. JP6 can be removed to provide 20 dB attenuation when the input level is
above 10 dBm to expand the useful range of the line level trimmer RV4. The wiper of RV4 is
coupled to the input of the input amplifier U9d. U9d provides a voltage gain of ten before
connecting to the input of analogue switch U10c.

The outputs of U10a and U10c are connected to the frequency response shaping networks
C52, R133 (for 750µs pre-emphasis) and C61, R55 (for flat response). JP7 selects the pre-
emphasized or flat response.

The audio signal is further amplified 100 times by U7d. U7d also provides the symmetrical
clipping required to limit the maximum deviation. The output level from U7d is adjusted by
RV1, the deviation adjustment, before being combined with the tone audio signal in the
summing amplifier U7a.

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5.10 PTT and DC Remote Control 5 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

The composite audio from U7a is fed through the 3Khz low pass filter U7b. When the links
on JP23 are in their default state, the filtered audio is coupled to the TCXO voltage tuning
input and the modulation balance trimmer RV2. RV2, R99 and R98 attenuate the modulation
signal before applying it to the VCO via varactor D3.

When DMTX board option is required, Jumper JP23 allows the audio paths to be re-routed.
The DMTX board provides for an external digital modulation input signal. When the two
links on JP23 are positioned in the middle of the 6 pin header, the audio from the exciter is
passed to the DMTX board via pin 5 of JP15, where the signal is conditioned and then
returned from the DMTX board via pin 2 of JP15, and passed to the two modulation points.

RV2 adjusts level of the audio used to modulate the VCO. This primarily effects the deviation
of audio frequencies above 500 Hz. RV2 is used to balance the high and low frequency
deviation to obtain a flat frequency response relative to the desired characteristic.

5.10 PTT and DC Remote Contr ol

Two main PTT inputs are provided. The first, a direct logic level input, is connected to pin 3
of the system connector. The transmitter can be keyed by applying a logic low or ground on
pin 3. Pin 3 connects to the PTT logic and microprocessor through D10.

DC current loop control can be used for remote PTT operation. The current loop can be
configured by JP9, JP10 and JP11 for use with either a remote free switch or a remote
switched source.

Opto-isolator ISO1 is used to isolate the loop current signal from the transmitter PTT logic.
The loop current passes through the input of ISO1 and the output of ISO1 connects to the PTT
logic.

A bridge consisting of diodes D6, D8, D9 and D14 ensures correct operation regardless of the
current polarity. Q17 limits the current and D7 limits the voltage input of ISO1. Any low
voltage current source capable of providing 2mA at 4V or switching circuit with less than
4.8k¿ loop resistance can be used to switch the DC loop.

The test PTT button on the front panel and the local microphone PTT button will also key the
transmitter. Both of these also mute the line audio input. The microphone line also enables
that audio input.

A DMTX board can also cause the exciter to key up. When TX (or TTL_TX) signal is
received by the DMTX board, it pulls pin 6 of JP15 low, which in turn asserts the
PTT_WIRE-OR signal, causing the microprocessor (U13) to key the exciter up.

5.11 Micr opr ocessor Contr oller

The microprocessor controller circuit uses a single-chip eight bit processor and several
support chips. The processor U13 includes non-volatile EE memory for channel frequencies,
tones, and other information. It also has an asynchronous serial port, a synchronous serial
port and an eight bit analogue to digital converter.

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5 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 5.12 Voltage Regulator

The program is stored in U5, a CMOS EPROM. U4 is an address latch for the low order
address bits. U2 is used to read the channel select lines onto the data bus. U11 is an address
decoder for U5 and U2. U3 is a supervisory chip which keeps the processor reset unless the
+5 Volt supply is within operating limits. U1 translates the asynchronous serial port data to
standard RS232 levels.

The analogue to digital converter is used to measure the forward and reverse power, tuning
voltage and dc supply voltage.

If the processor detects that the PTT_WIRE_OR signal is asserted low, it will attempts to key
the exciter up. If will first attempt to key the VCO through Q10, and if the LD pin goes high,
it will switch the 9.2 Volt transmit line through Q14 and Q16. asserting Q16 has the effect of
also asserting the yellow Tx LED (D12) on the front panel, enabling the local 25W power
amplifier, and causing the T/R Relay output to be pulled low. D24 is 30 volt zener which
protects Q25 from both excessive voltages or reverse voltages.

Should there be a problem with either the tuning volts, or the battery voltage, the VCO
locking, the forward power, or the reverse power, the microprocessor will assert the ALARM
LED, through Q1. Depending on the setting of Jumper JP19, the ALARM signal can be
brought out on pin 7 of P3.

5.12 Voltage Regulator

The dc input voltage is regulated down to 9.4 Vdc by a discrete regulator circuit. The series
pass transistor Q23 is driven by error amplifiers Q8 and Q18. Q9 is used to start up the
regulator and once the circuit turns on, it plays no further part in the operation.

The +5 Volt supply for the logic circuits is provided by an integrated circuit regulator U14
which is run from the regulated 9.4 Volt supply.

Jumper JP18 is not normally fitted to the board, and is bridged with a 12mil track on the
component side of the board. It is provided so that the 9.4V load can be isolated from the
supply by the service department to aid in fault finding.

Jumpers JP20 and JP21 are also not normally fitted on the board, and are usually bridged with
a 12mil track on the component side. They allow U14 to be isolated from its input, or its
output or both.

6 Field Alignment Pr ocedur e

The procedures given below may be used to align the transmitter in the field. Normally,
alignment is only required when changing operating frequencies, or after component
replacement.

The procedures below do not constitute an exhaustive test or a complete alignment of the
module, but if successfully carried out are adequate in most circumstances.

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RF Technology T800 Page 17
6.1 Standard Test Condition 6 FIELD ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE

TCXO calibration may be periodically required owing to normal quartz crystal aging. A drift
of 1ppm/year is to be expected.

Each alignment phase assumes that the preceding phase has been successfully carried out, or
at least that the module is already in properly aligned state with respect to preceding
conditions.

6.1 Standar d Test Condition

The following equipment and conditions are assumed unless stated otherwise:

• AF signal generator with 600Ω impedance, 50-3000Hz frequency range, with level set to
387mV RMS.

• Power supply set to 13.8Vdc, with a current capable of >5A.

• RF 50Ω load, 30W rated, return loss <-20dB.

• Jumpers set to factory default positions.

Alignment Frequency
Model Range Align F
T800A 806-830 818MHz
T800B 850-870 860MHz
T800C 928-942 935MHz

6.2 VCO Alignment

1. Select a channel at the center frequency (half way between the highest and lowest
frequencies for the model in question).

2. Disconnect the Audio input (no signal input).

3. Key the PTT line.

4. Measure the voltage between pins 9 and 1 of the test socket (TUNE V), and adjust C99 to
obtain 4.5±0.25V, while the TX LED is ON and the ALARM LED is OFF.

6.3 TCXO Calibr ation

1. Select a channel at the center frequency (half way between the highest and lowest
frequencies for the model in question).

2. Disconnect the Audio input (no signal input).

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RF Technology T800 Page 18
6 FIELD ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE 6.4 Modulation Balance

3. Key the PTT line.

4. Measure the carrier frequency at the output connector, and adjust XO1 until the correct
carrier frequency is measured, ±50Hz.

6.4 Modulation Balance

1. Set RV3 fully counter clockwise (CCW) (sub-tone off).

2. Set RV1 fully clockwise (CW) (maximum deviation)

3. Set RV2 mid-position

4. Set JP7 for flat response

5. Set JP4 for Hi-Z input

6. Key the transmitter on

7. Set the audio input to 150Hz, 0dBm.(387mV)

8. Measure deviation and adjust RV4 (line Level) for a deviation of 5kHz (2.5kHz for
narrow band transmitters).

9. Set the audio input to 1.5kHz, 0dBm.

10. Adjust RV2 (Mod. Bal.) for a deviation of 5kHz (2.5kHz for narrow band transmitters).

11. Repeat steps 6-9 until balance is achieved.

12. Key the transmitter off.

13. Return JP7 to its correct setting.

14. Carry out the Deviation (section 6.6) and Tone Deviation (section 6.5) alignment
procedures.

6.5 Tone Deviation

1. Remove the audio input.

2. Key the transmitter on

3. Adjust RV3 for the desired deviation in the range 0-1kHz.1 If sub-tone
(CTCSS) coding is not to be used, adjust RV3 fully CCW.

_________________________
1
The factory default is 500Hz for wide band (5kHz maximum deviation) and 250Hz for narrow band channels.
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RF Technology T800 Page 19
6.6 Deviation 6 FIELD ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE

6.6 Deviation
1. Set RV4 (Line Level) fully clockwise (CW).

2. Set the audio to 1kHz, 0dBm, on the line input.

3. Key the transmitter on.

4. Adjust RV1 (Set Max. Deviation) for a deviation of 5kHz (2.5kHz for narrow band
transmitters).

5. Key the transmitter off.

6. Carry out the Line Input Level alignment procedure (section 6.7)

6.7 Line Input Level

1. Set the audio to 1kHz, 0dBm, on the line input, or use the actual signal to be
transmitted.

2. Key the transmitter on.

3. Adjust RV4 (line level) for 60% of system deviation (3kHz or 1.5kHz for narrow band
systems).

4. If the test signal is varying, RV4 may be adjusted to produce a level of 234mV RMS or
660mVp-p at the audio voltage test connector pin 6 to pin 1.

5. Key the transmitter off.

6.8 Output Power

1. No audio input is required

2. Key the transmitter on.

3. Adjust RV1 on the power amplifier PCB for the desired power level at the output
connector. 2

4. Key the transmitter off.

____________________
2
Be sure to set the power below the rated maximum for the model of transmitter. If in doubt, allow 1.5dB
cable and connector losses, and assume that the maximum rated power is 15W. This means no more than 10W
at the end of a 1m length of test cable. This pessimistic procedure is safe on all models manufactured at the time
of writing.

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RF Technology T800 Page 20
7 SPECIFICATIONS 7.1 Overall Description

7 SPECIFICATIONS
7.1 Over all Descr iption
The transmitter is a frequency synthesized, narrow band FM unit, normally used to drive a 50
watt amplifier. It can also be used alone in lower power applications.
Various models allow 2-25W of output power to be set across a number of UHF frequency
bands. All necessary control and 600Ω line interface circuitry is included.

7.1.1 Channel Capacity

Although most applications are single channel, it can be programmed for up to 100 channels,
numbered 0 - 99. This is to provide the capability of programming all channels into all of the
transmitters used at a given site. Where this facility is used in conjunction with channel-
setting in the rack, exciter modules may be “hot-jockeyed” or used interchangeably. This can
be convenient in maintenance situations.

7.1.2 CTCSS

Full EIA sub-tone capability is built into the modules. The CTCSS tone can be programmed
for each channel. This means that each channel number can represent a unique RF and tone
frequency combination.

7.1.3 Channel Pr ogr amming

The channel information is stored in non-volatile memory and can be programmed via the
front panel test connector using a PC and RF Technology software.

7.1.4 Channel Selection

Channel selection is by eight channel select lines. These are available through the rear panel
connector. Internal presetting is also possible. The default (open-circuit) state is to select
channel 00.

A BCD active high code applied to the lines selects the required channel. This can be
supplied by pre-wiring the rack connector so that each rack position is dedicated to a fixed
channel. Alternatively, thumb-wheel switch panels are available.

7.1.5. Micr opr ocessor

A microprocessor is used to control the synthesizer, tone squelch, PTT function and facilitate
channel frequency programming. With the standard software, RF Technology modules also
provide fault monitoring and reporting.

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RF Technology T800 Page 21
7.2 Physical Configuration 7 SPECIFICATIONS

7.2 Physical Configur ation

The transmitter is designed to fit in a 19 inch rack mounted sub-frame. The installed height is
4 RU (178 mm) and the depth is 350 mm. The transmitter is 63.5 mm or two Eclipse modules
wide.

7.3 Fr ont Panel Contr ols, Indicator s, and Test Points

7.3.1 Contr ols

Transmitter Key - Momentary Contact Push Button

Line Input Level - screwdriver adjust multi-turn pot

7.3.2 Indicator s

Power ON - Green LED

Tx Indicator - Yellow LED

Fault Indicator - Flashing Red LED

External ALC - Green LED

External Reference - Green LED

7.3.3 Test Points

Line Input – Pin 6 + Ground (pin 1)

Forward Power – Pin 8 + Ground (pin 1)

Reverse Power – Pin 4 + Ground (pin 1)

Tuning Voltage – Pin 9 + Ground (pin 1)

Serial Data (RS-232) – Pins 2 / 3 + Ground (pin 1)

7.4 Electr ical Specifications

7.4.1 Power Requir ements

Operating Voltage - 10.5 to 16 Vdc with output power reduced below 12 Vdc

Current Drain - 5A Maximum, typically 0.25A Standby

Polarity - Negative Ground

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RF Technology T800 Page 22
7 SPECIFICATIONS 7.4.2 Frequency Range and Channel Spacing

7.4.2 Fr equency Range and Channel Spacing

Frequency 25 kHz 12.5 kHz

806-830 MHz T800A T800AN
850-870 MHz T800B T800BN
928-942 MHz T800C T800CN

7.4.3 Fr equency Synthesizer Step Size

Step size is 10 / 12.5kHz or 5 / 6.25kHz, fixed, depending upon model

7.4.4 Fr equency Stability

±1 ppm over 0 to +60 C, standard

±1ppm over -20 to +60 C, optional

7.4.5 Number of Channels

100, numbered 00 - 99

7.4.6 Antenna Impedance

50Ω

7.4.7 Output power

Preset for 2-15 or 2-25W depending upon model

7.4.8 Tr ansmit Duty Cycle

100% to 40C, de-rating to zero at 60C.

100% to 5000ft altitude, de-rating to zero at 15,000ft.

7.4.9 Spur ious and Har monics

Less than 0.25µW

7.4.10 Car r ier and Modulation Attack Time

Less than 20ms. Certain models have RF envelope attack and decay times controlled in the
range 200µs< tr/f <2ms according to regulatory requirements.

7.4.11 Modulation

Type - Two point direct FM with optional pre-emphasis

Frequency Response - ±1 dB of the selected characteristic from 300 - 3000 Hz

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RF Technology T800 Page 23
7.4.12 Distortion 7 SPECIFICATIONS

Maximum Deviation - Maximum deviation preset to 2.5 or 5 kHz

7.4.12 Distor tion

Modulation distortion is less than 3% at 1 kHz and 60% of rated system deviation.

7.4.13 Residual Modulation and Noise

The residual modulation and noise in the range 300 - 3000 Hz is typically less than -50dB
referenced to rated system deviation.

7.4.14 600Ω Line Input Sensitivity

Adjustable from -30 to +10 dBm for rated deviation

7.4.15 HI-Z Input

Impedance - 10KΩ Nominal, balanced input

Input Level - 25mV to 1V RMS

7.4.16 Test Micr ophone Input

200Ω dynamic, with PTT

7.4.17 Exter nal Tone Input

Compatible with R500 tone output

7.4.18 Exter nal ALC Input

Output will be reduced 20dB by pulling the input down to below 1V. (Typically more than
40dB attenuation is available.) The input impedance is ≅10kΩ, internally pulled up to rail.

The external ALC input can be connected to the power control circuit in Eclipse external
power amplifiers.

7.4.19 T/R Relay Dr iver

An open collector transistor output is provided to operate an antenna change over relay or
solid state switch. The transistor can sink up to 250mA.

7.4.20 Channel Select Input / Output

Coding - 8 lines, BCD coded 00 - 99

Logic Input Levels - Low for <1.5V, High for >3.5V

Internal 10K pull down resistors select channel 00 when all inputs are O/C.
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RF Technology T800 Page 24
7 SPECIFICATIONS 7.4.21 DC Remote Keying

7.4.21 DC Remote Keying

An opto-coupler input is provided to enable dc loop keying over balanced lines or local
connections. The circuit can be connected to operate through the 600Ω line or through a
separate isolated pair.

7.4.22 Pr ogr ammable No-Tone Per iod

A No-Tone period can be appended to the end of each transmission to aid in eliminating
squelch tail noise which may be heard in mobiles with slow turn off decoders. The No-Tone
period can be set from 0--5 seconds in 0.1 second increments. The No Tone period operates
in addition to the reverse phase burst at the end of each transmission.3

7.4.23 Fir mwar e Timer s

The controller firmware includes some programmable timer functions.

Repeater Hang Time - A short delay or ``Hang Time'' can be programmed to be added to the
end of transmissions. This is usually used in talk through repeater applications to prevent the
repeater from dropping out between mobile transmissions. The Hang Time can be
individually set on each channel for 0 - 15 seconds.

Time Out Timer - A time-out or transmission time limit can be programmed to automatically
turn the transmitter off. The time limit can be set from 0-254 minutes in increments of one
minute. The timer is automatically reset when the PTT input is released.

7.4.24 CTCSS

CTCSS tones can be provided by an internal encoder or by an external source connected to

the external tone input. The internal CTCSS encoding is provided by a subassembly PCB
module. This provides programmable encoding of all EIA tones.
Some models encode certain extra tones.

Tone frequencies are given in table 4.

7.5 Connector s

7.5.1 Antenna Connector

Type N Female Mounted on the module rear panel

_______________________
3
The reverse phase burst is usually sufficient to eliminate squelch tail noise in higher-quality mobiles

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RF Technology T800 Page 25
7.4.22 Programmable No-Tone Period 7 SPECIFICATIONS

Fr equency EIA Number

No Tone
67.0 A1
69.4
71.9 B1
74.4 C1
77.0 A2
79.7 C2
82.5 B2
85.4 C3
88.5 A3
91.5 C4
94.8 B3
97.4
100.0 A4
103.5 B4
107.2 A5
110.9 B5
114.8 A6
118.8 B6
123.0 A7
127.3 B7
131.8 A8
136.5 B8
141.3 A9
146.2 B9
151.4 A10
156.7 B10
159.8
162.2 A11
165.5
167.9 B11
171.3
173.8 A12
177.3
179.9 B12
183.5
186.2 A13
189.9
192.8 B13
196.6
199.5
203.5 A14
206.5
210.7 B14
218.1 A15
225.7 B15
229.1
233.6 A16 Table 4: Tone Squelch Frequencies
241.8 B16
250.3 A17
254.1
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RF Technology T800 Page 26
7 SPECIFICATIONS 7.5.2 Power & I/O Connector

7.5.2 Power & I/O Connector

25-pin “D” Male Mounted on the rear panel

7.5.3 Test Connector

9-pin “D” Female mounted on the front panel

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RF Technology T800 Page 27