CU & PDS-1(2020)

Part 1: Multiple Choice Questions (Any 10) — 1x10=10

(a) Pedagogy is -

 Answer: (iii) Both of the above

 Explanation: Pedagogy is both an art and a science of teaching. It involves the artful practice
of teaching and the scientific understanding of how learning happens.

(b) The founder of social constructivism is -

 Answer: (i) Lev Vygotsky

 Explanation: Vygotsky emphasized social interaction and culture as fundamental to cognitive

development.

(c) Order of Es in 5E model of lesson plan is -

 Answer: (i) Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate

 Explanation: This model supports constructivist learning, helping learners build new
concepts.

(d) The guidance when a learner solves a problem with adult or peer support is called -

 Answer: (iii) Scaffolding

 Explanation: Scaffolding means temporary support that helps the learner move towards
independence.

(e) Online tools used for virtual classes include -

 Answer: (iv) all of the above

 Explanation: Zoom, Google Meet, and Google Classroom are widely used for online teaching.

(f) Integration of academic disciplines is -

 Answer: (i) interdisciplinary approach

 Explanation: Interdisciplinary means blending content from different subjects into one
coherent curriculum.

(g) The quote about innovation and demands on teachers is by -

 Answer: (iv) Bruner

 Explanation: Jerome Bruner highlighted the evolving role of teachers due to technological
changes.

(h) "Learners learn as they wish to learn" relates to -

 Answer: (iii) constructivism

 Explanation: Constructivism emphasizes learner-centered and active learning.

(i) Micro-teaching is based on -

 Answer: (i) skill development

 Explanation: It helps teachers practice specific teaching skills in a controlled environment.

(j) PowerPoint presentation is a -

 Answer: (iii) audio-visual aid

 Explanation: It combines visuals, text, and audio to enhance learning.

(k) Best method of acquiring knowledge is -

 Answer: (ii) Learning by doing

 Explanation: Experiential learning is most effective.

(l) Thinking related to interaction with others is -

 Answer: (ii) Social thinking

 Explanation: It involves understanding others’ perspectives and social contexts.

(m) Independent study includes -

 Answer: (i) questioning

 Explanation: Asking questions drives self-directed learning.

(n) Equity is -

 Answer: (iii) outcome

 Explanation: Equity means fairness in educational results, not just processes.

Part 2: Short Answer Questions (Any 10) — 2x10=20

(a) List few characteristics of concrete operational stage.

 Occurs between ages 7-11 (Piaget’s theory)

 Child develops logical thinking about concrete objects

 Understands conservation (quantity remains same despite shape changes)

 Can classify objects and understand reversibility

 Solves problems based on tangible experiences, not abstract ideas

(b) How does alternate frameworks of children’s thinking develop? Give example.

 Children create personal understandings based on their experiences.

 These frameworks may differ from scientific views (misconceptions).

 Example: Child may believe the sun moves around the earth because it looks like that daily.
  Exposure to scientific explanations helps revise these frameworks.

(c) Mention any two ways to eradicate child misconception.

 Use of concrete, hands-on activities and experiments

 Encouraging critical thinking and providing correct scientific explanations

(d) Write any two uses of lesson plan.

 Helps teachers organize and sequence the teaching material systematically

 Serves as a guide to achieve specific learning outcomes

(e) Write any two teaching strategies for Inclusive Education.

 Differentiated instruction tailored to diverse learner needs

 Peer tutoring to support students with disabilities

(f) Why is use of TLM essential for daily classroom teaching? What is diagnostic test?

 TLM (Teaching Learning Materials) makes abstract ideas concrete, helps visual and
kinesthetic learners understand better

 Diagnostic Test identifies students’ learning difficulties before instruction to help plan
remedial teaching

(g) What are the steps of scientific thinking?

 Observation of phenomena

 Formulating questions

 Making hypotheses

 Conducting experiments

 Drawing conclusions

(h) Write any two drawbacks of virtual classes?

 Lack of face-to-face interaction limits engagement

 Technical problems and unequal access to devices affect learning

(i) What is teleconferencing?

  Real-time communication using audio and video between multiple participants in different
locations

(j) Discuss the procedure for maintaining student profile.

 Collect detailed info: personal details, academic performance, health records

 Update regularly to track progress and plan support

(k) What is situated cognition?

 Learning that occurs in context, where knowledge is tied to the environment and social
setting

(l) Write any two forms of knowledge.

 Declarative knowledge (facts and information)

 Procedural knowledge (skills and processes)

(m) What is child-centric education?

 Education that prioritizes the interests, needs, and experiences of the child

 Promotes active participation and individualized learning

(n) Express meaning of enculturation and acculturation.

 Enculturation: Learning one’s own cultural norms and values

 Acculturation: Adapting to or adopting elements of another culture

Part 3: Medium Answer Questions (Any 4) — 5x4=20

(a) Mention features of constructivist classroom teaching.

 Learners actively construct knowledge based on experience

 Teacher acts as facilitator, guiding inquiry

 Emphasis on collaboration and discussion

 Learning builds on prior knowledge

 Encourages exploration, problem-solving, and critical thinking

 Use of hands-on activities and real-life contexts

(b) What are the conditions to be adopted to develop “Skill of introducing a lesson”?

 Connect lesson with learners' previous knowledge or experience

 Use interesting hooks (questions, stories, demonstrations)

 Clearly state objectives and outcomes

 Create motivation and curiosity about the topic

 Keep introduction brief but engaging

(c) Explain the significance of unit plan in teaching-learning process.

 Provides a comprehensive roadmap for a unit/topic

 Ensures logical sequencing and pacing of content

 Facilitates integration of knowledge and skills

 Helps plan assessments aligned with objectives

 Guides selection of appropriate teaching methods and resources

 Enhances coordination among teachers if team teaching

(d) Discuss the process of concept formation.

 Exposure to multiple examples and non-examples

 Grouping and classifying based on common attributes

 Using concrete objects and illustrations

 Refining concepts through explanation and discussion

 Applying concepts to new situations to deepen understanding

(e) Explain Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development in brief.

 Cognitive development is socially mediated

 Learning occurs through interaction with more knowledgeable others (MKO)

 Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD): gap between what child can do alone and with help

 Language is critical tool for thought and learning

 Emphasis on cultural and social context in learning

(f) Write on the role of ICT in Education.

 Enhances access to information and resources beyond textbooks

  Supports diverse learning styles with multimedia tools

 Enables collaboration through digital platforms

 Facilitates distance learning and virtual classrooms

 Promotes creativity through digital content creation

 Helps in assessment and feedback through online tools

Part 4: Long Answer Questions (Any 2) — 10x2=20

(a) Prepare a 5E model lesson plan on any topic (Example: Water Cycle for Class 5 Science)

Phase Activity Purpose

Show a short video of rainfall and water bodies. Ask To capture interest and activate
Engage
students what they notice about water movement. prior knowledge

Conduct a simple experiment: Place a bowl of water Learners observe evaporation and
Explore
under plastic wrap and observe condensation. condensation firsthand

Teacher explains stages of water cycle: evaporation, Build conceptual understanding

Explain
condensation, precipitation, collection. with definitions

Students draw and label water cycle diagram; discuss Reinforce learning and apply
Elaborate
how water moves through nature. knowledge creatively

Oral quiz or worksheet on water cycle stages and their Assess understanding and
Evaluate
sequence. retention

(b) What are the aims of pedagogy? Write on relationship between learners and pedagogy.

Aims of Pedagogy:

 To facilitate meaningful learning and understanding

 Develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills

 Nurture creativity and self-expression

 Promote holistic development — cognitive, social, emotional

 Ensure equity and inclusion in learning opportunities

Relationship between Learners and Pedagogy:

 Pedagogy must be learner-centered, adapting to different learning styles and needs

 Understanding learners’ prior knowledge, interests, and abilities helps design effective
pedagogy

 Active participation and interaction between teacher and learner strengthen pedagogy

 Pedagogy influences learner motivation and engagement

  Ongoing feedback from learners informs pedagogical adjustments

(c) Strategies for concept formation advised by Bruner; Name a model and explain its phases.

Strategies:

 Enactive: Learning through direct manipulation and actions

 Iconic: Learning through images, diagrams, and visual representations

 Symbolic: Learning through language and symbols (words, numbers)

Model: Spiral Curriculum (Bruner)

 Concepts introduced simply at first, revisited with increasing complexity

 Builds on prior knowledge gradually, reinforcing and expanding understanding

Phases:

1. Enactive phase: Learners manipulate concrete objects to form initial concepts

2. Iconic phase: Learners visualize and represent concepts using pictures or models

3. Symbolic phase: Learners understand and use abstract symbols and language related to
concepts

(d) Define curriculum and explain interrelation among knowledge, curriculum, learner, and
pedagogy.

Curriculum:

 A planned and organized set of learning experiences and content provided by educational
institutions.

Interrelation:

 Knowledge: Curriculum is constructed from bodies of knowledge relevant to society and

learners’ needs.

 Learner: Curriculum must consider learners’ developmental stages, interests, and cultural
backgrounds.

 Pedagogy: The methods and strategies used to deliver curriculum depend on the learner and
content.

 Effective curriculum aligns knowledge content with appropriate pedagogy tailored to

learners, ensuring meaningful learning.