TAKING NOTES FOR 20 DEC 2024

SENTENCE STRUCTURES

No Phrases Examples

1. - The free gym

- At school
 He takes advantage of the free gym at
school.
- This app
- These apps
 I take advantage of the app to learn
English.
- Students
- Library
- Study/ learn
 Students take advantage of the library to
learn subjects.
- Weekends
- Visit
- Relatives
 I take advantage of the weekend to visit
relatives.
- Chance/ opportunity
- Practice (v) + Ving
- Speak English
  I take advantage of the opportunity
to practice speaking English because
 English is important to me. Speaking

Take advantage of ...: English helps me earn more money and

have a better life.
Tận dụng/ lợi dụng

- Read books
- Improve myself.
 I take advantage of reading books to
improve myself and learn new things.
Especially, it helps me work effectively
and know how to take care of my
famliy in my daily life.
 Cooking helps me know how to care
about my children.

- Help SB Vo and Vo
- Help SB with ST.
- Know/ learn/ study How to Vo.
- Effectively: một cách hiệu quả.
- Do exercise
- Improve my health
 I take advantage of doing exercise to
improve my health and relax after a
busy week.
- Modern technology
- Make ST + Adj: làm cho cái gì như thế
nào
  Make my life easier.
 I take advantage of modern technology
to make my life easier.

2. By means of .... bằng I got the information by means of the

(cách) .... Internet.

- Farmer
- Water (v) ....: tưới ....
 Water the plants: tưới cây
- Water pipe: ống nước
 The farmer watered the plants by means
of the water pipe.

- Be successful (adj):
- Succeed (v): thành công
- Work (v) hard
- Read books (about...)
- Different kinds of topics.
- Type of = kind of
 I am successful by means of working
hard and reading books about different
types of topics.

- Solve the problem

- Teamwork
 I solve problems by means of teamwork. It
 is an effective way to help us work faster.
- The house
- Be lit: được thắp sáng
- Candles
- The power cut (cụm N) cúp điện
- Because SVO, SVO.
- Because of + N/Ving
 The house is lit by means of the candles
because of the power cut.
- Cross the river
- (Cross the road)
- A small boat
 People are crossing the river by means of a
small boat
- Thief
- Enter (v) the house
- A broken window: cửa sổ bị hư
 Thief enters the house by means of a broken
window

3. Because of + N/Ving - Go to school  went to school

- Late
- Heavy rain
- Yesterday
 I went to school late because of heaving
rain yesterday.
- The flight: chuyến bay
 - Be delayed
- Bad weather
 The flight is delayed because of bad
weather.
- Move to ....
- The countryside
- The cost of ....: chi phí ....
- The cost of living: chi phí sống
The high cost of living
 I am moving to the countryside because
of the hight cost of living here.
 Australia has a high cost of living, so I have
to save money and work hard.

4. “Be responsible - I am responsible for taking care of my

for ...”: chịu trách children.
nhiệm ... - Protect my family
- Breadwinner (n): trụ cột.
 I am responsible for protecting my family
because I am a breadwinner.
- The driver
- Keep SB safe: làm cho ai an toàn
- Passenger(s) (n): hành khách
 The driver is responsible for keeping the
passenger safe.
- The nurse
- Help ...
 - Sick people/ patients
 The nurse is responsible for helping the
patients
- Librarian
- Organize the books.
 The librarian is responsible for
organizing the books.
- Government
- Create ....
- New laws: luật mới
 The government is responsible for
creating new laws
- Manager
- Assign ST to SB (v): giao/ phân công ...
cho ai.
- Tasks
- Staff/ Team
 The manager is responsible for assigning
tasks to the team/tasks.
- Factory
- Produce .... (v): sản xuất  producing
- A mount of ....: 1 lượng ....

a large amount of ..Nkđđ..: 1 lượng lớn

- Waste (n): chất thải

 The factories are responsible for
producing a larger amount of waste.
 - Engineer
- Design a new bridge
 The engineer is responsible for designing
a new bridge.

5. A large number of + Ndđ: 1 lượng lớn

- Electric car: xe hơi điện

- Electronic: thuộc về điện tử
 The engineer is responsible for a larger
number of electric cars.

6. A large amount of + Nkdđ:

- See  saw ...

- Sand
- At the beach
 I saw large amout of sand at the beach
- Factory
- Produce .... (v)  produces ....
- Plastic: nhựa
- Every day.
 The factory is responsible for producing
plastic every day.
- Eat .... (v):  ate (v) ....
- A large amount of ...
 - Chocolate
- During the party
 I ate a large amount of choclotate during the
party
- Drink ....
- Milk
- In the kitchen.
 I drink a large amount of milk in the kitchen
- Collect ... (v): thu thập ....
- Data (n): dữ liệu
- Information
 The accountant collects a large amount of
data information

7. Be willing to Vo: sẵng - I am willing to move to Australia for

sàng tôi living and studying.
- Share ST with SB: chia sẻ ....
 I am willing to share food with everybody
- Work extra hours
- Finish the project
 I am willing to work extra hours to finish
the project.
- Invest in ....
- New technology
- Develop my company.
 I am willing to invest in new technology for
developing my company.
 - Apologize for ....(v) .....
- Mistakes
 I am willing to apologize for my mistakes.

8. Be able to Vo: có thê - I am able to solve the problem quickly.

làm gì - Work alone = work independently
 I am able to work independently
- Help
- Son
- Solve the math problem
 I am able to help my son solve the math
problem.
- Manage the time
- Effectively
 I am able to manage the time effectively
- Repair the machine
- Because
- I am a car engineer.
 I am able to repair the machine because I
am a car engineer
- When I come to Australia, .... maybe
- Experience .... (v): trải qua
- Culture shock: sốc văn hóa
- But ....
- Adapt to ....(v): thích nghi với ...
- New environemt
- (Easily)
  When I come to Australia, maybe I will
experience the culture shock, but I am
able to adapt to new environment easily.

Experience (N không đếm được): kinh

nghiệm

Experience (N đếm được): trải nghiệm

Experience ... (v)

9. Specialize in ....: IT = Information Techonology

chuyên (môn) về IT specializes in computers.

My father specializes in fixing cars.

- The store
- Sell
- Fresh fruits.
 ...
- Cook
- Italian food.
 ...
- The doctor
- Help people with ..ST....
- Eye problems
 ...
- Our company
- Develop
- Software
- Hardware
 ...
- I
- Do housework
 ...
- This university
- Research on ....: nghiên cứu về
- Technology and languages.
 ...
- Buy = purchase ... (v): mua ...
- Sell ... (v): bán
- Cars.
 ...
- Invest in ....
- Real estate (n): bất động sản
 ...
- The architect (n): kiến trúc sư
- Design ...(v): thiết kế ...
- Eco-friendly (adj): thân thiện với hệ sinh
thái.
- (Building (n): tòa nhà)
- (Very tall buildings) = skyscrapers: tòa
nhà chọc trời.
 ...

- The scientists: các nhà khoa học

- Study ... (v): nghiên cứu ...
 - Marine life: cuộc sống dưới biển
 ...

10. Contribute to ....: - Read books

đóng góp/ góp phần - Learn new vocabulary
vào ...  Reading books contributes to learning

Contribute ST to ... new vocabulary.

- Read books
- Broaden my horizon: mở rộng sự hiểu
biết
 ...
- Residents
- Money
- The government’s budget: ngân sách
 ...
- Study hard
- Good exam results = outcome: kết quả thì
thi tốt
 ...
- Positive thinking: suy nghĩ tích cực
- (Negative thinking: suy nghĩ tiêu cực)
- Overcome ... (v): vượt qua ....
- Challenge(s) (n): thử thách
- In life
- Easily
 ...
- Negative thinking
 - Fail (v): thất bại
- In life
- Easily
 ....

11. Overcome .... (v): - Practice (v) + Ving: luyện tập làm gì
vượt qua ... - Speak in front of the mirror: nói chuyện
trước gương
- The fear of ....: nỗi sợ của ...
- (Cockcroach (n): con gián)
- Public speaking: nói trước đám đông/
công chúng.
 ...
- Overcome  overcame
- Homesickness (n): sự nhớ nhà
- By means of ....
- Make new friends
- At school
 ...
- The difficulty of ...: sự khó khăn của ...
- Live abroad: sống ở nước ngoài
- (Study abroad: du học)
- Language barrier: rào cản ngôn ngữ
- Culture shock: sốc văn hóa
 ....

12. Participate in ...: I want to participate in that seminar.

= take part in ...: tham - Want to
gia vào - The final match: trận chung kết
 ...
- Singing contest: cuộc thi hát
 ...
- Many students
- Sports
- Stay healthy
- Make new friends
 ...
- Plan to Vo: lên kế hoạch làm gì
 I am planning to live in Australia.

----------------------------------------------

- Plan to Vo:
- A workshop
- Improve my skills/ vocabulary.
 ...
- Encourage (v) SB to Vo: khuyến khích ai
làm gì
- Colleague(s) (n): đồng nghiệp
- Training programs
- Work more effectively: làm việc hiệu quả
hơn
 I encourage my colleagues to participate in
training programs to work more effectively.
 ...
  ....
- Participate in ...
- Discussions: cuộc thảo luận
- To ....
- Share one’s opinions/ perspective(s):
quan điểm
- Learn from others: học hỏi từ người khác.
 She participated in discussions to share her
perspectives and learn from others.
 ...
- The English club (at my school)
- To ...
- Improve my speaking skills.
 ...

13. + Be necessary for SB - It is necessary for Sb to Vo: thật là cần

to Vo: cần thiết cho ai thiết cho ai để làm gì.
để làm gì ......
+ Be necessary for - Education
N/Ving - The future of ....: tương lai của ...
- Children
 ...
- Good communication: giao tiếp tốt
- Work in a team/ teamwork
 ...

14. Allow SB to Vo: cho - Participating in ....: việc tham gia vào ...
phép ai đó làm gì - International conference(s): hội nghị quốc
 tế
- Allow SB to Vo: cho phép
- Professionals (n): chuyên gia
- Exchange ideas: trao đổi ý kiến
 Participating in international conferences
allows professionals to exchange ideas.
 ...

- My parents
- Watch TV
- After dinner
 ...
- The apps
- Users
- Learn new vocabulary
- On a daily basis = every day
 ...
- The teacher
- Doesn’t allow SB to Vo:
- Students
- Take a break: nghỉ ngơi
- During learning hours.
 ...

15. Be afraid of ...: e dè; - She is afraid of spiders/ cockroaches.

sợ ... - She is afraid of swimming in the
 swimming pool.

-------------

- Fail his exam

- So
- Study very hard
 ...
- Many children
- Go to the dentist: gặp nha sĩ
 ...
- Heights (n): độ cao
- Be (not) interested in ... = like = love =
enjoy
- Climb the mountain: leo núi
 My uncle is afraid of heights, so ....

16. Invite Sb to Vo: mời - Wedding party

ai làm gì - Birthday party
- Dead anniversary: đám giỗ
- Would like to Vo: muốn (mời lịch sự)
- My wife
- Go to the cinema
- With me
- This weekend
 ...
- She
- Invite ....
 - Guests: vị khách
- Participate in ...
- Community events about health: sự kiên
cộng động
 ...
- Be invited to Vo: được mời để làm gì
- Contribute ideas to ....: đóng góp ý kiến
vào ...
- Workshop.
 We are invited to contribute ideas to the
workshop.

 Sentence structures:

No Type Examples
1. Simple sentence:
S + V + O.
2. Compound sentence: 1. Technology makes our lives
(câu ghép) easier, for it saves time.
S1 + V1 + O1, fanboys 2. I am having dinner, and I am
S 2 + V2 + O 2 watching TV with my family.
3. Some people don’t use social
 F = for: vì
media, nor do they believe in
 A = and: và
online information.
 N = nor: không
4. Many people are interested in
 B = but: nhưng
reading books, but they are not
  O = or: hoặc patient.
 Y = yet (= but): 5. You can purchase a new laptop, or
nhưng (nhấn you can use the smartphone.
mạnh hơn but) 6. AI is developing quickly, yet it
 S = so: vì vậy has some risks.
Fast = quickly = 7. He is afraid of failing the exam, so
rapidly he studies very hard.

3. Because SVO, SVO.

When
While
If
Although
MĐQH which/ who/
that/ when/ where/
why...
After
Before
Task 1: Practice writing simple sentences:

No Write 3 sentences: Your sentences

Example: I take advantage of the library
Using "Take advantage to study.
1.
of" with daily situations.  I take advantege of the bedroom to
work.
2. Using "By means of" Example: We contacted him by means of a
with objects or tools. phone call.

 I learn English vocabulary by means of

the app called Mochimochi on my
 smartphone.

 I want to have more money by

means of saving money.
Example: The teacher is responsible for
preparing lesson plans.

 I am responsible for protecting my

family because I am the breadwinner
of the family.
 I am responsible for everything that I
Using “Be responsible did with my wife yesterday.
3.
for” in school or work.
Anything (-)

Everything (+)

 The government is responsible for

making job opportunities for
residents.

Job opportunity: cơ hội việc làm

4. About things you are Example: I am willing to help my friends.
willing to do  I will be willing to support my wife if
she needs me to do housework.

If SV_htđ + O, S + will/can/ may/ should

+ Vo.

Need to Vo: cần làm gì

Need SB to Vo: cần ai đó làm gì

 My wife will be willing to protect me if

 anything happens to me.

 My family is willing to love me

because we are one.
Example: I am able to ride a bike.

 I am able to learn new languages such

About what you are able
5. as English and Japanese.
to do now.
 ..
 ..
Example: Doctors specialize in medicine.
Write 5 sentences about 
6.
job and specializations. 

Example: We contribute to the
About ways to environment by recycling.
7. contribute to society or 
school. 

Example: I participated in a school play.

About events or activities 

8.
you participated in. 


9. About things necessary Example: A good education is necessary

for success. for a better future.

 

Example: I am afraid of spiders.

10. About common fears.



Task 2: Sentence pairing:

Match two sentence parts to create meaningful sentences using the phrases.
A (Beginnings):
1. I always try to take advantage of...
2. She explained the process by means of...
3. He is responsible for...
4. They are willing to...
5. We are able to...
6. She wants to specialize in...
7. Everyone contributed to...
8. Many students participated in...
9. It is necessary for...
10.Some people are afraid of...
B (Endings):
a. ...delivering results on time.
b. ...new opportunities to improve my skills.
c. ...a detailed diagram.
d. ...working late to finish the task.
e. ...solving the problem quickly.
 f. ...pediatric medicine.
g. ...the success of the community project.
h. ...the annual sports day.
i. ...staying hydrated during summer.
j. ...speaking in public.
1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

Task 3: Combine the sentences using and, but, or, nor, so, for, or yet to create
compound sentences.
1. I wanted to play outside. It started to rain.

2. She loves reading books. She does not enjoy watching movies.

3. He forgot his wallet. He couldn’t buy the ticket.

4. You can take the bus. You can walk to the park.

5. She was late for class. The teacher did not punish her.


Task 4: Combine the sentences using because, although, when, if, while, or
since to create complex sentences.
1. She stayed home. She was feeling sick.

2. He studies hard. He wants to pass his exams.
 
3. I was walking in the park. It started to rain.

4. They left early. They had an important meeting.

5. You can improve your English. You practice regularly.


Task 5: Combine the sentences using who, which to create complex sentences
with relative clauses.

1. The boy is my cousin. He is wearing a red shirt.


2. I found a book. It was very interesting.

3. She knows a place. The food is delicious there.

4. This is the dog. It always barks at night.

5. I met a teacher. He inspired me to study harder.


Task 6: Choose the best combination:

Read the pairs of sentences and choose the best way to combine them from the
given options.
1. I was hungry. I made a sandwich.
a. I was hungry, but I made a sandwich.
b. Because I was hungry, I made a sandwich.
c. I was hungry, so I made a sandwich.
2. He wanted to travel. He didn’t have a passport.
a. He wanted to travel, so he didn’t have a passport.
b. Although he wanted to travel, he didn’t have a passport.
c. He didn’t have a passport, yet he wanted to travel.

3. She loves music. She cannot play any instruments.

a. She loves music because she cannot play any instruments.
b. Although she loves music, she cannot play any instruments.
c. She loves music, so she cannot play any instruments.

4. I studied all night. I didn’t pass the exam.

a. I studied all night, but I didn’t pass the exam.
b. I didn’t pass the exam because I studied all night.
c. I studied all night, so I didn’t pass the exam.

5. She was hungry. She didn’t have enough time to eat.

a. She was hungry, so she didn’t have enough time to eat.
b. She was hungry, but she didn’t have enough time to eat.
c. She didn’t have enough time to eat, yet she was hungry.

6. I wanted to go to the party. I had to study for an exam.

a. I wanted to go to the party, or I had to study for an exam.
b. I wanted to go to the party, but I had to study for an exam.
c. I had to study for an exam, but I wanted to go to the party.

7. The weather was nice. We went to the beach.

a. We went to the beach because the weather was nice.
b. The weather was nice, so we went to the beach.
c. We went to the beach, and the weather was nice.

8. He was sick. He went to work.

a. He was sick, but he went to work.
b. He went to work because he was sick.
c. He was sick, so he went to work.
9. She studied hard. She passed the exam.
a. She passed the exam because she studied hard.
b. She studied hard, so she passed the exam.
c. Although she studied hard, she passed the exam.

10.I will go to the store. I need to buy milk.

a. I will go to the store because I need to buy milk.
b. I will go to the store when I need to buy milk.
c. I need to buy milk, but I will go to the store.

11.They were tired. They kept working.

a. Although they were tired, they kept working.
b. They were tired because they kept working.
c. They kept working, so they were tired.

12.I missed the bus. I woke up late.

a. I missed the bus because I woke up late.
b. I woke up late, so I missed the bus.
c. Although I woke up late, I missed the bus.

13.He studied for the test. He didn’t feel confident.

a. Although he studied for the test, he didn’t feel confident.
b. He studied for the test because he didn’t feel confident.
c. He didn’t feel confident, but he studied for the test.

14.I met a girl. She is very talented.

a. I met a girl that is very talented.
b. I met a girl who is very talented.
c. I met a girl, which is very talented.

15.The book is interesting. I borrowed it from the library.

a. The book which I borrowed from the library is interesting.
 b. The book who I borrowed from the library is interesting.
c. The book that I borrowed from the library is interesting.

16.I saw a movie. It was very exciting.

a. I saw a movie who was very exciting.
b. I saw a movie which was very exciting.
c. I saw a movie that was very exciting.

17.The man is my neighbor. He helped me fix my car.

a. The man who helped me fix my car is my neighbor.
b. The man that helped me fix my car is my neighbor.
c. The man helped me fix my car, who is my neighbor.

18.The cake tasted delicious. She made it for the party.

a. The cake which she made for the party tastes delicious.
b. The cake that she made for the party tastes delicious.
c. The cake who she made for the party tastes delicious.

Task 7: Combine the sentences using and, so, or but:

1. I wanted to go swimming. The pool was closed.

2. She was hungry. She didn’t eat lunch.

3. The cake looked delicious. It was too sweet for my taste.

4. I like hiking. I don’t like camping.

5. They have a dog. They also have two cats.

6. I wanted to go to the concert. I didn’t have enough money.

 7. She loves playing soccer. She doesn’t like watching it on TV.

8. It was raining. I stayed home.

9. She studied hard. She passed the exam.

10.I like to read books. I also enjoy watching movies.

11.She was tired. She went to bed early.

12.I wanted to go swimming. The pool was closed.

13.The cake looked delicious. It was too sweet for my taste.

14.They have a dog. They also have two cats.

15.I like hiking. I don’t like camping.


Task 8: Write 2 compound sentences using and, so, or but for each prompt
below.

1. Write a sentence about your favorite food.

2. Write a sentence about something you did last weekend.

3. Write a sentence about your favorite hobby.

 

4. Write a sentence about something you like to do on holidays.

5. Write a sentence about your school or work routine.

Task 9: Write a simple, compound, and complex sentence based on each

prompt. (Tổng cộng một ý là viết 3 câu)

1. Describe your favorite hobby. (Dùng thì HTĐ)

2. Talk about a time you helped someone. (Dùng thì QKĐ)

3. Write about a place you visited recently. (Dùng thì HTHT)

4. Explain why you like or dislike a certain season. (Dùng thì HTĐ)

5. Share a goal you want to achieve. (Dùng thì HTĐ)

Task 10: Complete the sentences using your own ideas.

1. I wanted to go to the beach, but...

2. When the bell rang, I...

3. She worked hard because...

4. He enjoys hiking, and...

5. Although it was raining, we...