= 2 — ——— —¥ tahat is uniform cinculan motion 2? ————————— Ans During cixcular motion i} the speed of the LL: pawtitle semaine Constant, i is Called unifoxm | |] 2 aculas motion (u.c-M-) I : + Stat: the foimule for angular velocity and | Denrodie: time. Ans i Angulan velocity w= an —&_ Centaipetal force Centrifugal fon ce i) The dixection 0} +hi The olinectton of, this force i. eclong the radius force it along the 2adint nd_towax i atlll DOE auinly from conte af cinch it) Tt is tontiderod in Ite ee in none inertial Lam, o inextial frame of se} erence : iii) sipetol force means || Centai al_means the nedultant of gli aca) forces met pouudo force -yox_a vehicle to move pe dead unbanked 7 Consider vertical section 2h, oa tak on honizontal ciyculax track De ais cas conte of baaek — ay 7 c 3 - ~ 1 __ _ soln: v : * ae F T Forces acking on the can anc — i) Weight mq. extically downworts LI v |i) naamal aeacton Ni, vertically ups ead ae i) Foxce of static baiction $, between wad A by a Noxmal aeaction balances the Weight N_= ma -@© J Force of statre i cd 2}, taakK whieh acts as Centaipetal fromce ny ee x Dividing eqn @_ 2 @) | fe we ae) | fe NE - | na ¥ an upper limit adnan =ipee ree. u : Vv pe WA, %9 = Vv = J He +9 * || Derive an ion inimum well of death. a body to move in i) Walt of death ox ten ol death is a An | in i Pe) ehicle is dyiven in hoxizental riacles. 3 | velou | which a cting pa the vehicle aso N acting honmontally towonrds ets rn i) _Naxmal seaction th, and octt as oteci it) bleight mg. vertically downwards iil) Foxce of static briction Ff acting vexticalty Liparan ds Foxce of static paiction bolances the tyerahr | f. = mg — O) =) Noxmal sxeaction is the centaipe ta force Steve = er zTe always less than equal aug N I, : I pene ea et cee ane I Us DE 19 { a xg < v* : | as tl Ve = [cg - coe i tahile ivi wo etre 4 hector rid hos to lean | witth the vertical why is if so? with what the xidex hod to lean 2 Denive the | ee apaession”. why such _a leaning Ass! whee i ith the vexticof — Nth angle @ to provide necessan ay ipebs froace. : = = l sis | Consider a sider taking a furan of xadius 5. The hike arden is acted - a i) a L N — I ; . 4 1 Le ght ng ectically ‘/ SS noe —__lii) Naame! seactian 2 | acting at angle. @ Nsin@ 4 Component Néos@ halanus \ T the 4 ight ma gh Nas 6 2 tng — O :ey . © 2 tan Ce) Cider ehsad Pend thragh an_angle 0 as abor —H 1 L Tn cose of fous. wheeler, normal scachors ree taheeds and puter wheels Du ne ia 2G Vd hence leanin ‘not ne cess at “ w d 2 ile i t i d_roads , there i Amani muss limit on speed ot vehicle chi i Ssin ae uw innit than Eldding ot} noad. fi): Banking of ade oe Spider oe | elevation” fo curved road a o iv) Such banking of rads helps to Increace the maxiroun limit a} spe cl ot vebsete. 62 ii) |, Ans Yes a ke ad a_two- wheeler 7 a_two wheeler also orig banted mead. eeDerive an \ ing when a vehicle moves Curved banted road i in nrictio Consider vertical section of vehicle on curred smack of, vodius ¥’ banked at angle oO. Ny 4 Neose 8 Nsio6 et vm Ze acting pr the vehicle are a, Gnq) vertically downwards 6) Normal xtaction N Noxmal seaction N is sesolwd into . nent 7 NeHcel_tomponeat—Alcos8 balances the sseight— : =O Nees @ = mq os 8 4 Hoxi zontal Copaponent Nisin is the resultant — centripetal fox ce oN siniO! Soy @ Ee Dividing tan @) —hy _eqe © Besine = my> il picos 0 z oe E ee Once Ven “y== | Derive _an expression for lower speed Limit fox | ao vehicle moving on a banked road. Ans! For lower speed™ limit v, -< J¥qtane uv The torsponent N sine > my,~ + Fox such case fox ce of static Jas tron (f.) acts Le pards « Ttis rerolvec into two Components as Shown : n-* N cos @ oe f,sin0 AA Soot = M4 2).8. Fcos 0 Nsin® Ae E The i os® nd S)n. 8 vertical components Neos and f, sin @ b b ig ht ort balonued by wei mg “. Noose + Aa aa © ind _= mg The net foxce between Nein@ and - cos® is the neers ory Centai petal frosce. a Meinoe f_Cos8 = mv. -@) | ea | Dividing ean © 4 © L mv p 2 = [oe 2 INesineh ee I Ag N ag + fe sinetl Nie None UyN C038 fe f= aan x4 Nicos + u.Nein® . a a a above eqn dy Ncosé eVie pMsio8 = Ale Wf egeo er pecos 8 po : 2 pices? + Msin® — eek yeos6 - Vi" = x4 {tan Q@—= ls : {ats Fn ) — — hefvg (1228 = Us } 1 + u.tane Derive an expacssion fox. Upper. “speed limit bon icle movin L . Ans a pp ex. Spesd [imit vs > xq band The component _Nsio® mv, fax such cases, Soxce of static partion acts downwards - Th is setolved into 2 Components os shdyn : “Se —The vertical component Neore balan eS the Lomponent f-Sin® aod sreight mq Neos =, sin + ma es WN G0s@ - fo sing 2 mq — } The ho2zront=l Component Nsin@ and fF. cos6 isthe ecetsary Centaipetal roscoe. _____ » iNsing “& f cus@ = mv,? — @ ee Dividing eqn ©. & ©) “4 } Nsin®-+ {cos ae Ca Neos - £. sin® Jv < é I Nsin@ + Us NCOs@ fe fou n4 4 v"4 Neose — UsNSinO Dividing whole ean by Neos vi sind 7 u, preps 74 phcose PA co 6 — rfp ag Sin pose Wi cos VE = tang +m ey [= ue tand fs (we [rq and + us - a Le 44, tar & what is conical pendulum ? Derive an expression — fox Hme peatod of aevolution of conicaltal lste es _alon “ z a aight tiacular fone and the bob | attached to stuing performs horizontal 7 Ciaculan moti nn oe it ts called Conicol pendulum. izon t Centxipetal force Ta sino = myn” - © Nee oe es J oihine wir ™ t Ji 2050 wg ee - ! ine tw ! cos J gsing eas - 1 tos@. To AACBY,. Sind = T L ao Ys LSin’ Put in eqn 3) Saale agian: LsinO cos 0 ble Ena... gs, 271 7 Ayn 2 we a L¢os® os a an_[1cose . 9 L h as do —___| conival pendulum de leads ee independent of Some factors 2 Ans neo | g = [ On Jege.o ——_|_ from abort formula of frequency, — = eke) Ve ith rete ane in lady th of Pendulum: nw Va 1 Basquinsy—« et en jn with jAcease in acceleration duc to gravity Jtos oe frequency of conical pendulum jnasases with tin CofO j-e. intreatt in Value of O.au) || Using the energy Pitas derive the | eu pressions jo the Mini musa speeds stone i diblerent locations along a_vex tice ciytulax motion Contrwited by qveavity. Ts ossible at most “point 2 Under what Conditions 9 Also prove that the dipperence bet Ween extreme tensions hk b iE meight af the object: | Consider a bob tied to a massless £ flexible tning- Tt is whirled along a vertical Crscle own in fs ashen ings Ta any_postian a bah te tivo foaces ae e_acting a ee ee »Vertically downwards ——_ ii) fone due _to y tension —acting along the sta ng { +onards the Contre -Uppramost Point A: Both weight mq an Thane acting downuards tomands centre and acts as centutpetal poxco. mq + Ta = me = an J Va =p x * Ty = Ta-2ry aa (it vas) fut valu et Va &. Va “ [g- Ta = co re wae?) + amg =. am x + 2maq ep 4 = feted 2m 4 Te ae Gong This i difpberence between extaemc tensions fohich depends ooly on_the weeght. Practicall : Speed is possible ot oo uppnneact eink only when the naass is ed_to sod instead of sthing -PAGE: | GATE: ft | Horizontal pointe C & Dt At a may positron, | C_ the vertical distance i Ry energy Conservation J Total nergy at C= Total enugy at A —s uw EE 4 FE, 7 As, + EE mah + WinVes 2 moh, + fn Vao put betty 1 2 hex © 2 maxO + J mV.* smqx¥ t+ I mVa™ Je r J ane tom Ve a bn Va? sing T 2 : n2 2 3 NP Van 4x 7 Ni ge Nene Deeg £. ets v ¥ 7 ee = 2m Vea ate aA e REEZ This is the minimum speed Similarly v= At point i ae a megaaty Contaipe to tau : fe zi = mee 2 Sab ast can a) = (ms +a) - mae > mm Va® ¥ Ross u mn (87g - 9) + my ¥ 4 . 2m x 2x4 Fy = :T= Ta = 3m Sinsilaaly ae eee * es ge arg Sea ESTEE peed. fox vehicle ot top of “conven pver bridge Aw Figina haa on ee ak the top of Convex Over: baidg & Foaces meting on vehicle Gas J i) Weight (104) veer Healy downwerstt it)_Moamal -azactton(N in i 7 The Te a sae Nand mq i ‘mg = N = mv" 4 mv x jon is an indication Contact + A peed - jncreases He gnt_m_decei +, Fox maintaining nd =0 Z 4 = My as vig v4 viz dra. This is the maaioum Speed.Diexive an: expression fee kee alg xotating body te SS Consid j nsisting 6 ticles of masses my, mn, My ak nes pective perpendicular distgnoes 1,2, ... Tt toe axis of mtation The ohiect is rotating with same angular Speed w J J but iff t line v=o vist wW 2 Vay e Ty bd Translational K-E- of first pasticle is RE, 2 Jes y,* of me eS a” é Lu imilaly ee Uv On ene 2 2. a kiE, = 1 my tq = nin. Rotational KE 2 kK-Ey, t -Ey + --- t k-E, z Ws + 2 2 mt, 2A) + ! my, weet ligt 2 2 == bw (mt + mi tt My Iy) 2 = But T= rt" ¢ mata™ +... + My tn™ Rotatinnal K-E. = + es _At Derive an expression that aclates angular momentum blith the angular velocity of & atgia body - ‘ 1D, an_object consisting of N__pancticles ones masses MM, ms... my at nes pective per endic ula, aistanes 7 ye mm _auts ef mtation - The_object is mbating with ame angular Speed bd lincan speeds “as 7 VS Ve 275.0 = Vs tw bineae momentum of first paxticle ps ro,v 2, Xb)owintum, oh diask Particle Angular ro : Lyi Pyt, 3 mite) x Ty L, 2m, 4, od Similaaly oar) Lys f% Zw Ang ° Los Lb +h, thyetthy ngul Lisi, 12 W + my tW) at M37," tot Mad bd ta { ro Tt + mt + may eo + my tN) But Telm 4 hm, 4 os ty) ero Os) tai exp i elating the ague with ccel eration igi od t Consid a: an object consisting of N pasticles of masses mm my, a, Wat _neapective istan we 1. ty from | anis of rotation. aThe object is rotating pith Aan cee ee Accolerations. as — = %, a a,= GX Any 2 Tn % Foxe experienced by fiast pasticle is fee ay ee Targus —expenicnced by first particle is ae ft = ra x es 7 Be Siroilandly foe a ae > ty 2m, 4,” Ca_= My tne a Resultant iorque (> T+ T+... + Tw = m,7, Px 4 tate 2+ May tn & =k (mrt + m4... t My tv?) Bot Te me) "tn ae My tn 2 eee [oc | Derive an expaession feo moment of fheihs of a uniform O} Ans_|: Consider a uniform Ais ndCons) ic sing of mars of width shown by Shaded portion. Anca of this nog Az any dv oz dm aardy idm io aviv dy 6S Moment: of Inentia of this ning Ty: dm.r™ Rk Moment of Inertia (1) of disc Ts { Ie R . a oe [ee dias 1 Rk e aaordy. o> oO. = [2% Tay ° Kk ziane.{ ti dz J o = une pat t 4 °Ti sien fi RM pil aw 5 Re Met = 1 ETieingtgn nr | ye ais J i eee 2 O2 iv) why pst ee vaedul to define vadiws of Gy sation ? 05) || Discuss the necersity of radius ie 4s ation - Define it- On what factoar does it’ depend it end ? ou locate ome similanity between Contre of mass inhea il and aadius of g4aation ? pthat Can you uni Lo nd ke disc have the Same! sadiws of sepa i Whi) Fer. knowing, the disteibution of mas —the. ante of tobsto it axourcl where mass of pect is is_necessary to define It js the dis tance on effectively focated . ae lets there ment fe of object M_is mass of st Kis sadius ‘of Gpeetion yas ebject Radius of Ayactton of a 4 i defined as the distante between the “axis of yotation and Point at which the pihole mass is Sup pose, be af _the body entrated so as to ED_qive. Same moment ot Theat, as of the body:1) Distribtion of mass of the body 2) Position. of axis of mtation 3)shape and Size of the body. Radius of gy ation of body is independent of tokall moss at the body. Centar of mass of a body is also a point at which the whole mess of the body is upposed to be “Concentaated. WY Definitions of tentae of mass and radio of quyaation Seems Similax hut the location of contre of mass and radius ot -fynation shall be dilbeent in all objects. Th King = Katee then RK piee = SR Rying ie Moke ands Dye Myeh z Fox ding Te: MAY; on a fea dice c,: tek . 2 . MR = Dek and. {nigha” = Mgka™ Keics Kye Lond Rye ka = ‘ Vz bys kg o Ry = 1 Py ve {Ry zz RRRR 0 ve. Hef Acs Statement 2. The moment of tnertia (Ie) of an pbiect about any axis is the sum of its mament ol Inutin (Iz) abot an avis pasaltel— - to iven Axe. ssi t Oe a ee bee ee the object and the sguant. c distan hetien “the two gues /Mh*) Te Te Considen om el ocated at point D. Draw Perpendicular DN by extending Oc. Moment a Inertia a object about an_axis passing thio ah ten tad en Lak wine =passi 2 ' Le: [[(onsony’ th Jt thedaem, Do™ = pvt on’| Hens (oc en}]dim fron ocr + s 4 [fons (ect+ 2 oo-cen) 12) [a Got) OW Onl ts ibe = ip pythagoaes Heosom 2 { poo 4 0C* + 2c) Cend} dm r Det dm + fas* dm + frente dim A} Put fact dm 2 0. Oc zh s Tat Te + h2(dm-+¢ 2h (en) dm J J (din 2M. & [enydm zo as any ass dis tribution is_symmetaic nhouk the comtus of mass. To 2 te +MhY wee | stale and prove theorem pendicular Axes: _ Ans | Statement : The moment of Inertia (Iz) of a : Jaminax object ghout an ari Z) perpendicular to its plane is the sum of its moment of Inextias — about to mutually Perpendicular ares (ui 2 4) in_its lone biherc ot the: theee Ques being Cencurront: =s fFPAGE :.26 DATE: / 1 ka Consider a mass element dm at point D. MD=¥y ND =x: £. OD = Moment. of Inertia of b 4 is Te = feet dm “+f y Moment ct —lnsatie, of ss aee Y axis is - Ce Slsetet at imate tbody about axis —t Ty. f Op* dm. “ = dm ‘ Pythagoras theorem, sfty*s x2) dm As yee = edo + {x* dm Tee Ly + TyPi o State the condition under which the theorems 06) Hef anos and dicular Anes are tate the Acs jective tnathematical applicable. Pf : Ans . sions: 2 pat i) In pader to ly paraliel axes theoreon tv ate r ach any object we othe with one of them passing through. contne. Oy) mass of abject” di heo nem, nw te _asdes. a PIP object with thaoe LaLa. is perpendicular Concurrent Axes. One axis perf and other two ares Iie in the plane wf_object. Mathemateaf expressions axes ena ne Der Mh™ Parallel - Ly +1, Peapendicular Ores theorem ! £4 State and explain he i onseavation inci of Momentum . Use a suitable HlaakXtiod'. Do -we use. if in oun daity (ife Mehen) tatement.:- The angular’ momentum 4 Ets Cons esved inthe absénce of~ ernternal unbalance A = # torque 2. = ¥. Angular momentum i given hy Rg nee A nip finentiating Joat-t- “hue get. ~~ dt: a4 (¥x*) dt dt : Sede ed ae = dt at ’£ > —_—>-— —_> a dt 2 1. Pe Wx dt =. =F Dut prs pn ¥, Wireming petiti pool during Com) ho theta body immacately abten leaving the boaxd. Thic duces Inertia iy As aw neat, | in x re n_mal mose munds in ar - (Conservation t+ angular momentum is used jn daily like by ballad teareus divers_in Sudan ring pool, Ss son in Tce ating etc. —O1o)| Discuss the inteslink bebnen frontlatinnal jon i of a atgid object that wills without Lipping . Ars ) oe ollin ject tno type of Kinetic energies viz. “wotationed and “tronslation al eee ji) Sum of rotational and translational k-E the totalkif. of body. Totel KE. = Tennslational k-F + Potatinnel KE. se tMy* +b Pw 2 2 put T= Mic= andi age v k ot My? + ft mer fy\ aa 2 2 R Total k-£. fT A EE l I his i ne tx patssion fp k- 4 [Ue va ehiect i milling down an_inclined plane. Dond capleciont jes he_accalssatinaolant the qi a eo Costain vertical dirtance | BeDATE: / Consides a xigid object of mass _m and . Ui sadius & rolling down an inclined plane at an angle. a. A ait eee ing down, its =PiE. is “tonverted into. K-E° af willing PE. 3. ao a K-E. eo high ee aves ee Aiea Lene) Qohsv> [ieee] § Le ge | Agh peat res Viz h [ek] Le] | Now sing = h Se : Sin€ Using kinematical equation yrs Ux+ Dae dass vr. us a xh z aqgh_ _ 0 sing [+27 Re—————— = a= js2 fit k» 7 RE 02) vy} A disc and a hollow aight ciaculen tone. have the same foamulea fox their 2. when aatating ahout thet, control ance ily isitse? ‘fox a solling pbtect ~ the expression moment of inertia is Yot the foam n (Me?) it) Here nis the value of kr. : Re Fo% _exarmple uni id sphere Ts 2 mer =n (MR) 5 Sow n 2 ree p> s eS wm) A uniform disc God phollon aught Cirewlar Cone has egies value of ee - 18 Therefore, the ve Same theex M-L. : jee: Toe) | ae? 2 #|| state the exp aessions [pt Moment d bei nestia fot. _Vadtiaus Tests. Ans ab} ect Axis Expres ion z = ERR Nl Solid Sphere CentralObt ect Axis Expression 2) | Thin ring ot Cental I= Me hollow Cylinder 3) Uniform disc Centro} r- ime or solid cylinder = a 4) | Thin hollow sphere | contra fae he 5) Thin uniform. wd Passing though || T 2 1 ML or ractangulan plat Contes = 6 Unifoam plate ot Control att ieee) : iz pasalitlopiped T Unifm am solid Central [r= 3 MR> aight cixeular Co ue 3) | Dnikorm hollow Cental TetMe sight civewlas Cone a\ || Thin ving diameter Te) pee J oS 10) — dise diameter L= per u\ ll Thin unifnam md _| Passing thug 4 pusectanjulaa plats | one tod