Ozone International School

Academic Year 2025

Science Department
Grade 9
Final Revision Sheet Chemistry

Name:____________________ Class:__________ Date:_____________

Q.I Choose the correct Answer.

1. What is a covalent bond?

a) A bond formed by the transfer of electrons
b) A bond between metal and nonmetal
c) A bond where atoms share electrons
d) A bond formed between oppositely charged ions

2. What is the octet rule?

a) Atoms gain or lose electrons to have four electrons in their outer shell
b) Atoms share electrons to reach eight valence electrons
c) Atoms always form ionic bonds to become stable
d) Atoms lose protons to achieve stability

3. Which of the following elements is most likely to form covalent bonds? a) Sodium (Na)
b) Iron (Fe)
c) Oxygen (O)
d) Calcium (Ca)

4. Which molecule has a triple bond?

a) Water (H₂O)
b) Oxygen (O₂)
c) Nitrogen (N₂)
d) Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

5. What type of covalent bond occurs when electrons are unequally shared between
atoms?
a) Nonpolar covalent
b) Polar covalent
c) Ionic
d) Metallic

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Q2. Fill in the Blank (Use the word box)

electrons, molecules, nonmetals, octet, bond

1. A covalent bond is formed when atoms share electrons_ _________.

2. Covalent bonds usually occur between _ nonmetals _________.

3. A molecule is a group of atoms held together by a covalent __bond________.

4. Most atoms form covalent bonds to achieve a full _octet_________ of electrons.

5. Substances formed by covalent bonds are called _molecules_________.

Q3. Put True or False

1. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. ( T )

2. The strongest covalent bond is a single bond. ( F )

3. A polar covalent bond has an uneven distribution of electrons. ( T )

4. The molecule CO₂ (carbon dioxide) has double bonds. ( T )

5. The octet rule explains why atoms form bonds to achieve

a stable electron configuration. ( T )

Q4. Answer The Following Questions

1. Explain the difference between a polar covalent bond and a nonpolar covalent bond.

A polar covalent bond has unequal sharing of electrons due to a difference in electronegativity,
while a nonpolar covalent bond has equal sharing of
electrons.………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Why do nonmetals tend to form covalent bonds instead of ionic bonds?

Nonmetals have similar high electronegativity’s, so they prefer to share electrons rather than
transfer them.

3. Describe what happens when two hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond.

Each hydrogen atom shares one electron, forming a single covalent bond and creating a stable H₂
molecule.

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4. How does the number of shared electron pairs affect the strength of a covalent bond?

…More shared pairs (double or triple bonds) result in stronger covalent

bonds……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Why is water (H₂O) a polar molecule, while carbon dioxide (CO₂) is nonpolar?

Water is polar because it has a bent shape and an uneven distribution of charges, with oxygen
being more negative. Carbon dioxide is non-polar because it has a linear shape and the opposite
charges cancel out…………………………………………………………………………………………

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 Lesson 3.4

Q1. Choose The Correct Answer

1. Which of the following intermolecular forces is the strongest?

a) Dipole-dipole interactions
b) Dispersion forces
c) Hydrogen bonds
d) Covalent bonds

2. Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for the high boiling point of water?
a) Dispersion forces
b) Dipole-dipole interactions
c) Hydrogen bonding
d) Ionic bonding

3. London dispersion forces are the result of:

a) Permanent dipoles in molecules
b) Momentary shifts in electron density
c) Hydrogen bonding between molecules
d) The attraction of opposite ions

4. Which of the following molecules exhibits hydrogen bonding?

a) CH4
b) H2O
c) O2
d) CO2

5. What determines the strength of dispersion forces?

a) The number of protons in the nucleus
b) The number of electrons in a molecule
c) The presence of hydrogen atoms
d) The polarity of the molecule

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Q2. Fill in the Blank (Use the word bank to complete each sentence

dispersion, dipole, boiling, hydrogen, nonpolar

1. The weakest type of intermolecular force is called _ dispersion _________ forces.

2. A molecule with a permanent partial positive and negative charge is known as a _

dipole ___ molecule.

3. The presence of strong intermolecular forces leads to a higher _, boiling _________

point.

4. __Hydrogen________ bonding occurs between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative

atom such as oxygen or nitrogen.

5. Methane (CH4) is an example of a nonpolar

molecule that lacks strong intermolecular forces.

Q3. True or False (Write T for true and F for false.)

1. Hydrogen bonds are stronger than covalent bonds. ( F )

2. Dispersion forces are present in all molecules, including nonpolar ones. ( T )

3. The strength of dipole-dipole interactions depends on the difference in

electronegativity between atoms. ( T )

4. Water has a higher boiling point than methane due to hydrogen bonding. ( T )

5. Molecules with stronger intermolecular forces tend to have higher volatility. ( F )

Q4. Answer The Following Questions

1. Why do hydrogen bonds make water molecules stick together?

Hydrogen bonds make water molecules stick together because the highly electronegative
oxygen attracts hydrogen atoms of neighboring molecules, creating strong dipole-dipole
attractions.…………………………………………………………………………………
2. How do dispersion forces form in nonpolar molecules?

Dispersion forces form in nonpolar molecules due to temporary electron distribution

imbalances, creating fleeting dipoles that induce dipoles in nearby molecules.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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3. Why do larger molecules generally have stronger dispersion forces?

Larger molecules have stronger dispersion forces because they have more electrons,
leading to greater temporary dipoles and stronger
attractions……………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Explain why ammonia (NH3) has stronger intermolecular forces than methane (CH4

Ammonia (NH₃) has stronger intermolecular forces than methane (CH₄) because NH₃
forms hydrogen bonds (N-H bonds are polar), while CH₄ only has weak dispersion forces.

5. How do intermolecular forces affect the physical state of a substance at room

temperature?

Intermolecular forces determine physical states: stronger forces (e.g., hydrogen bonds)
favor solids/liquids at room temperature, while weaker forces (e.g., dispersion) favor
gases. ………………………………………………………

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 Lesson 3.5

Q1. Choose The Correct Answer

1. What is the correct name for FeCl₃ using the Stock system?
a) Iron chloride
b) Iron(III) chloride
c) Iron(II) chloride
d) Ferric chloride

2. Which of the following is a polyatomic ion?

a) Cl⁻
b) O²⁻
c) SO₄²⁻
d) Na⁺

3. What is the correct formula for calcium phosphate?

a) CaPO₄
b) Ca₃P₂
c) Ca₂(PO₄)₃
d) Ca₃(PO₄)₂

4. How many oxygen atoms are in the formula for dinitrogen tetroxide?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

5. What is the charge of the sulfate ion (SO₄)?

a) 1⁻
b) 2⁻
c) 2⁺
d) 3⁻

Q2. Fill in the Blank (Use the word bank to complete each sentence.)

cation, polyatomic, anion, ionic, Stock system

1. A positively charged ion is called a _ cation _________.

2. A _polyatomic _________ ion is made up of multiple atoms covalently bonded together.

3. The Stock system __________ is used to name transition metal ions with different
charges.

4. A negatively charged ion is called an _ anion _________.

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 5. A compound formed between a metal and a nonmetal is called an __ ionic ________
compound.

Q3. Put True or False

1. The Roman numeral in the name of a compound indicates the charge of a transition
metal ion. ( T )

2. All molecular compounds contain polyatomic ions. ( F )

3. Ionic compounds are generally composed of a metal and a nonmetal. ( T )

4. The formula for magnesium hydroxide is Mg(OH)₂. ( T )

5. N₂O₄ is correctly named nitrogen tetroxide. ( T )

Q4. Answer The Following Questions

1. Why do some metals require Roman numerals when naming their compounds?

… Some metals require Roman numerals when naming their compounds because they
can form ions with multiple different charges (oxidation states). The Roman numeral
indicates the specific charge of the metal cation in that particular compound.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. What is the main difference between an ionic and a molecular compound?

The main difference between an ionic and a molecular compound lies in the type of
bonding holding them together. Ionic compounds involve the transfer of electrons and
electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (metal and nonmetal), while
molecular compounds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms (nonmetals).
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. How does the crisscross method help in writing the correct chemical formula for ionic
compounds?

The crisscross method helps in writing the correct chemical formula for ionic compounds
by balancing the charges of the cation and anion. The numerical value of the charge of one
ion becomes the subscript for the other ion (without the sign), ensuring the overall
compound is electrically neutral.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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4. Why do compounds like NO₂ and N₂O have different names even though they contain
nitrogen and oxygen?

because they have different chemical formulas, indicating different ratios of nitrogen and
oxygen atoms. These different ratios result in distinct compounds with unique properties.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Write the chemical formula for aluminum sulfate.

…………Al2(So4)3………………………………………………………………………

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 Lesson 4.1

Q1. Choose The Correct Answer

1. According to the kinetic theory, particles in a gas are:

a) Stationary and close together
b) In constant motion and far apart
c) Arranged in a repeating pattern
d) Vibrating in fixed positions

2. Which state of matter has the strongest intermolecular forces?

a) Gas
b) Liquid
c) Solid
d) Plasma

3. What happens to the pressure of a gas when its volume decreases while temperature
remains constant?
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Stays the same
d) Cannot be determined

4. What type of intermolecular force is responsible for water's high boiling point?
a) Dispersion forces
b) Dipole-dipole interactions
c) Hydrogen bonding
d) Ionic bonding

5. Which of the following is an example of a molecular solid?

a) Diamond (C)
b) Table salt (NaCl)
c) Ice (H₂O)
d) Copper (Cu)

Q2. Fill in the Blank (Use the word bank to complete each sentence.)

kinetic, pressure, gas, solid, intermolecular

1. The kinetic _ theory explains how particles move in different states of matter.

2. A _ solid _________ has a definite shape and volume because its particles are tightly
packed.

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 3. The force that holds molecules together in a liquid or solid is called a(n) intermolecular
force.

4. In a _gas__, the particles are far apart and move freely.

5. The force exerted by gas particles colliding with their container is called _ pressure_.

Q3. Put True or False

1. A gas expands to fill the shape of its container. ( T )

2. A liquid has a definite shape but no definite volume. ( F )

3. The kinetic energy of particles increases as temperature increases. ( T )

4. Solids have the weakest intermolecular forces compared to liquids and gases. ( F )

5. The boiling point of a substance is affected by intermolecular forces. ( T )

Q4. Answer The Following Questions

1. How does the kinetic theory explain the differences between solids, liquids, and gases?

Solids: Particles vibrate in fixed positions (strong forces).

Liquids: Particles slide past each other (moderate forces).
Gases: Particles move freely (weak forces). …………………………………
2. Why does gas pressure increase when the temperature increases?

… Gas Pressure & Temperature

Higher temperature → faster particles → more collisions → increased pressure.

3. What are dispersion forces, and how do they form?

Dispersion Forces:
Weak forces from temporary electron shifts; occur in all molecules. …………………
4. Why is water a liquid at room temperature while oxygen is a gas?

…
Water has strong hydrogen bonds; oxygen has weak dispersion forces. ……………
5. Explain why ionic solids, like salt, have higher melting points than molecular solids,
like sugar.

Ionic solids (salt) have strong electrostatic bonds; molecular solids (sugar) have weaker
intermolecular forces.………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………… …………………………………………………………..

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