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Haloalkanes&Haloarenes Class12 Chemistry RCH

The document discusses the classification, preparation, and chemical properties of haloalkanes, including various reactions and methods for synthesizing these compounds. It covers topics such as physical properties, solubility, and the effects of different reagents in chemical reactions involving haloalkanes. Additionally, it outlines specific reactions and mechanisms, including the use of halogens and alkyl groups in the formation of haloalkanes.

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11 views20 pages

Haloalkanes&Haloarenes Class12 Chemistry RCH

The document discusses the classification, preparation, and chemical properties of haloalkanes, including various reactions and methods for synthesizing these compounds. It covers topics such as physical properties, solubility, and the effects of different reagents in chemical reactions involving haloalkanes. Additionally, it outlines specific reactions and mechanisms, including the use of halogens and alkyl groups in the formation of haloalkanes.

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jhaa03156
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| 4 | goose 4 2 dlr -X — @LASS ~ Xit - o CH: | | ComPoundy chained by sefiacing one OF more, yal pore born of iy om * eee al Halsakkéme (alhyt hetide) on creat fosmall: R=X e.g. CbigBre 1 on asame yor alagen allem laboareme, (one Mabie’) “4d Co une. group > ahalega otem og. F,O, be 7 tate tel 9 Oe Cer ed) CLASSIFICATION 3— oe ‘aitiont 1. Mono, di, bf, ete a> Menshulodlhane (C2Ms%) Yy BthaLeakkane mo) euy-* j eg- Cots Be eg: eta be | Cbremouttione, Oy Br oT | ety, bromide’) 1,2~ Bibswmectbane Cre Shelters PaaS = el ne ibromt Y Trtholealkame ie a CHK eC Oy Br eg X 4 en Br bigs Or | 1,2,3- bibremo| reopome- oO . . profylone aha 2. Piney Seeondany Trt a y en, — i tn a) Wy, | a 2m * | Panag a Seombary (#) 1 ay, — — a | Chhervectione 2- Chinweprepame | 4. Mite, Beugylte , Vinyfie oy Allsfie Julie > Hologen alrm %, bowled to a sh? Aybridiized Corben ober mek toa " C=C double bend ie.fo am ollyfic carbon. SP a Oe Te gg (Bo erepfune) “efony >) 2 Chlew 2 malfyebsebone. ee ext vO (3-bremaeyctobsrtene “SP . YS Beryaplic haltihe —7 Halogen vatom wis Arowded to ¢ Y fo an oremabic jung . { | | sp? ybottized ceapben afome “neat | i ro on,-e (* f cblorihe J Cres (tear ) Gy Miuytic halide > Hetegn valem ts bended fo o to a vile carbon « Gashon - ashen double ben ie. | es | te ‘SP | ego t= aes ; ot | Cott bavmiste) (Bnrmacyetohenene [Sti nemsuclaboce {{ Iabeatignss a Aolocsemey tn details fom | thee x bork.) | eg. ct foleolkome og. | Bohooreme | re a gs i ge | any—"e ~ tH — GH~ bg Ch or | CH, Gi td | "3 Hs 1,3- dichborchanene 7 9 chterotelsne | do Brme- 25 3 ~ tinatty pentane m-dlinpbne (@-chbmrotolun.) | SSOMERISM 3 = | [Study vchale , spesition , guomebsieat and cptteal, tsomerian | of AruleatRames ¥ hraloosanen fon Glom 3 boek’] METHODS OF PREPARAT (ONT OF HALOALKANES e 4. Spm alkene and habegen —> Whim calllanes oe Seated vill chletine @ Sromine ; 0. miabue ‘uae and pebyaubstttufel priack : : by +O, WLS OY 422, ayer, Me» cnet, Cet L Galagunabion of obfomep mated ty aut Aultale for the | tab satin fs Ialesltoney | seh anichamtane cow of Cee nd ale med | xl Sma _allhene amd J ere folide: —> 2 Sikenss undoge ckecbefhiie addition, reackion wattle acids Cree, woe, a) to re adagen dasivalives « Aeleye \ Se=ef + HX é / \ ato [x= ee 2] A “in symbieal alkynes, ely one adsNon fpaafnck i foal e- woo ut H 1 \ \ \ He@=e-W + WX WG 5 ethene. Hx ey — GH Qn,- en = eH-CH, + HBX —> en, — Gao t 1g 3 3 3 no Or ace 2- bromobutone, Ln I tnutywereeel alkenes , two addition frodirclk are pred rwhore Lhe formation of a foudiuck to governed. te Honkguomikef2 rule, eH, - CH=CH, + HBr > CHg— CH t + cagcrcH Br br 2-bremobrpome 1. -bromabrepome, ace.tr Morkyonikel{'s valu <= (oe eit Coriner po) Addtiten q He fo frchene, inv ee rrepame ax the mejor oducts The oF peretde affeck “er Rharnoel— Cig cH = cH, HBr SEER, oa, eny— ovecty aakt-Wackevonihalts rade “opbhes [shay senkmtel{ le te anki Market's rile Se dale fom | User RX beck or AQ ylroeanbon notes _| auntie puccnides qs Sag, Ake ~HoofheontkeallS 3. rw Mecholy willy Pet 5 Rebs and SOtte, — ey 3 ROW + PU, —y SRE + HyPO5 SOLON + PR, —y Bayer + HPS Y Soho + Pee > egtger + POC, + HCL 2 Calgot + Soy BES este et +soyh + HUT (Bargucd recs) Ww foreiorw of bl at, Moone, tre Bonen’ seca tx dha heat method fee Are fre ince the oltu aa pace ici aa fooducks (S02 Hee) bel pot | | Brome Mechel oo Het eee eo % AUyt abbot ; | mays ‘akon pe ie tot olehel in 1 { 3S Ctdnle (» cobalt a ae * a ZnCl, a + tO By Cy ro 4 ne th, = i + Wee FF Btw as ar) i | eng . es | eng — bon + HEL een a +49 | " [pestle cD | Ahagaey Unlly, acti as a cealebycl a. Iulfa veleoye, the 6-0 ba, | na, — dauta ocid readily. ecordinalia wile te ong os C-0 bortl weakens * ie ect" hocatton tum treacle fe oe iow “psf chad a Teatiay, allecely cliowe 10 give tevory, eashocation (wake steble) 5 | aot Pang nanels with, Cane. HEL be abaones of Xml 2, ‘ On \ Gag — fe on + He ——> eny-b= + HO buy 7 (ee) ds @) (3) Hobide e > set pert > | Qtredk ee etn js nk foomille dat to ‘roku ' of sencttore tt ie Auitobate te FS Snany mith of thos nl ak SbF, HgaFe 9 e- 2 Gist + Ugah, —% * Gis Ft Hg, So FINKELSTEIN _reackion kon iodidles) > ¥ Rerdkton with sodium odiide- (a2) — ceoncombroll sotubior —— Cgis@r + Nat Rey tsk ot taer db cakes Cals A + Nal Py Ogg Il + Noy 5. From atlver aol fotty cts aa Ashen solution: ‘| ith soll eorboruyhic acids tn CU te trenked wih ed sbromiddd “ia forned. « Cuig C00 Ag + Bry a CHgBr + CO, + A Br) Cqetine ppt) BR wead® com he ub’liacdl descoudin of; Arnis Jecanen the Cpreduct (baboalens) has ene Dahon fess Hin the sven ano te. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HALOALKANES 3 — a Phystea Abke > Lewser aleakhames Cy CHL, CgHs Br, ele.) ane asin, Chien Aatlides to C, on ond Ai Gh Oh Rides apbo Gg one lly Kyat ome lr 0 at polox nakure Corben - em iim ‘era ol ee, fi an thow of the Cored}, folio ete on sake “ ibole thee CT) Sehubatlity, > aan ae peter nabure, y raloalhenes axe inacluble in wolty dur to tute Sroltlte ne ams bonds wily Loli . For arene to dissolve tm no Stale to overcome Te mel, omd. bo ane uf a ete ie Sule a | ~ | | Jews os \ bevy E eat 8 overcome the, Hh ce > Sia nasdt lie inigustiow oe. net to as the | om hondy cristing Kutwseon wali» molecules). { CREMICAL PROPERTIES OF HALOALKANES 2 — sg eZ Bus bo Ske prcamen abil posit i Beir mel ea, heal sonckt tel Nedasphitte lor ge setaattiien renting eae mer 6 CA mee 4 rohure Nu = OH ,ONTS R08, Nats | Rots, REO,» Rho, Ry, eke. potest wale > rT wilh am agurens elution ¢| Sodium ob dnastume witha yield | adigyt nihil exp sie maine frsiusck (though ome mihoadkonk iz /8- a * k50-We0 —> R-0-N-0 + KX it “Calg ~Be + k-O-N=0 —+ Gig-o-N=O F ker “Aye mibile” 2. Reaction witty silver mnihile + Agjap shatedeg om Sent with, am wthamelie solution of atlver mibile yes mibvalkahes ous He major frist ( thougle Paume ably mihile & aloo formal), Rx + Agidg, —? R-NO, + Agx jeg. Cyt5- Br + Agr, > &Hg - NOQ Aq Br mihedRoww . NOD ton is om ambidemtale ce ele 2 Ros a Luoma spo d A iii at ah hus Th com bs benkd Halide thw cogs ony ow ving, oll wi wie Ok ee ts paged wilbatkel) , sony :6 FO 4H owton rom. pur wie + RR > o=N-0-R +3 Og Nie ' pote nthe ally nitile ow [iy Bape Arba — BB -8 + APE ewe 8? oma ° I: silver nthile mnibroaskome: - Reaction willy og sodium Ayduoride —3 R-X + NooH (24) —> ROH + Nox & Cys T+ xaol (04) —> gts OH + No 2 [fotos s (pine a) (1Pobeshel) mae » (es stoke) oes ie | \ | | | cig oy —b2 eee + Nwon(94;) —> ehy~ 4h on + NaBy | tle | FT Reab Sie 2 7° chantry Soon Ure Shook | \ | | N. Renckions with potassium aan amd, Ailwer cyanide. | AUayl Sroledey om breabment: willy aechelie: Astulfon ch Jpolorsiom= | eyamide, gf, Se cerretbedig og emis ov itil se roduc ak (ate wily ameunk “of f ah isocyamtde. wee eee ‘ 4 ke @aw, ——> } ean + xO eqs 7 T+ Kew. — > Gtg-Gsr + KL Cohe.) vaktayl oy amide capone Aeluttons mI Aolides on ha with slvr ligt fel ce om of for 00 the majo frock (okey ar Tae 4 RMSE + APS mG SY Calls Be Ag a —s Cts NBC + AgBe a {\ isoeyortdle Cr behave ay am ambidambale rucleobhi reaoxe Ya One. es BM) amd ew fon ya ee 8 of uso ahruckiites + - $7 :@ew: — te@ane? =-e=K" Wher : Tee te eashon, y eyonidn fovea. are ale foal” 5. Reaetdony witty ammenia.s fovi Ci a oH, ee ant 3 + ae See Giy— Gy — NM OWT ornare VP owmine on, ae Re ee 37 FFL + He heen % Cly-cw,-W- Gs + va a 88 oe 1° mime, Domine, My oy- Dy Hie Cag es Chg — Gls” + WL Cys Cat's 1G, Foomalion of ethers por allyl fatidey Cigitttamyen lydia | , ew _ | EEF WSEe JA, g-o-k! + MOL (pottery (ebfiv) | tain odiun aS ¢ of on abeahel ia Jatt with oa oul abide, am thier. Js obtained . eas Cais + , RBar, G45 0-3 + MaBr, | se, ey malig Aer | @ahg- 1 + $0 Sls > Gg -O- Gis + Not | panel auf ophonf obkiow % Beashion itty ttlowr sale of fobs acid Ov nr a Ailuer ag he aid, Weg halides yet wkis © —— a ee ee nex? ene = Ofe + eae —2> ens Loe ais + Nbr 1G. Renckion with Aithiven Aluminturm Mydetde (42aing) > kis dad eld ahyt halides on Soduckion with dishy | | a yee alkenes . | nO pe 8 se RH + XO | (pom &xatthg) w (otkons.) aialhg + Cts -82 —d ytig-H + LeBse | (abkrome) Jhalidey ead willy sodium mebal ‘ww the precence of oy ather 40 fpr aa? ent T+ ane + Tle, atts Onc + QML i Renkion withy mtoy antaly [eas 17 Reackiow witty om wilh sodium (WURTZ REACTION): | | ethane stan seam be rohorad by He matted « Gsdquord enh, ae frchored fe ation 4, abbey Jolt =e ae eee fovarmee 40 ‘ ambydreuy uth odiyt/ a dy ther QR Mg X & R-x + “ au wenium halide) x = et,6r,1 aie folide Oe t sangeet) eq Colts T+ 4 Bho : ad waite) RLIMI.NAT (ON Pas ( Ci Chiminabion) + Reackton with alechelic Jrotaastumy hydrencide > Athy we ow oe willy olechelic KOH, in o vols ae Jeon ee ee ae “gy ust an a eee a ra wae ee ee fa ms A vhs Ate aliminakion veackion . | a H— bi HH o+ KOH obs o-w + Kan + H,0 th” bel le) Sone Ci? dolide) hin reaekton. fiiess Ey” anechemiow « ee, aig He -e +r) + KOH ——> He-e + KBr + yO | Horn | (ehe.) wt H (3° folds) 2- mat fine Ahis renckion yt: cea . [Retin By By” machen tenn’ fmm Claes i book | oie ce enabion 1- Tu ence frobzhies ast two Po-H ofoms 5 the aubstitwid alkene, bis the major Say Poll’ ’s rube.[Reod Souptacff's role from Cano KL bok] 1€g. Chy— Cy. nite fon, ale KOH, eh, CH= CH=CH, + CHy—CH)-CH= CH, Buk-Q- ene = Q- eiteah kone (mejor +s 0%) (minor = 2070) Chori nakfon, of aecke he — Nydnteale of trichloroacebene — ait (eves) | GHLOROJ PREPARATION: ~ 1. Frm allyl alechel + Etyt alechst ts frealid with o duspematen + Ufcaclaing +f b d CaOCty + Hypo > CaGH)y + Ge Bihyt aechel a oxidized to acabaletehyde — Ay + WO —s AQHCE + [o] S$ GHycHO + 1,0 crgcHon + [0] bs acckoldelde elle alcehat CHgtHo + Shy —> Cety.CHO + BHR from Heachats bighdernacalalldelyle pasdey) (chloral) MH doobprin ahloral — d 4 4. - HCO, at GCLZICHO 5 ena, + ea Nou GeLgeno weoo oe ia wh chLewefeumn Beachin ¥ o fooded ) Faom acchone —? CaO, + H,0 > GOW), + Ay we Sushouaion 4 “teaching poder ULortuskion ad UycoeH, + Sug —> CCZCOCH, + SHCL tidWoroacetene an # 7 Ca,\CoCh, Gu,eoo —s 2eHa, + Noit | 3 Kt _ eas\cocn, ahem tA : CH 1,600 N Pod Ce | propertias (Gnemeal) i= q j4. Biydrolysin > Chlerferam on sng with oleehslic couctic soda, | i epdnstiat eo ie acid | = J— -- - | Jie Seow ow ' —3twet, | H Cee + lon > econ A> HO a ea ee ‘Nol ot on Oe acid = umsbable H-8-ove, bodivem | r a ~ H-@ ee Fy pen SESE y-cacoH + cad 3. Reiner — ind ed ance ile, tpt hak “Ton © + etsy + Kon SE cre" BK + RHO | phand Corfe solieyolduh are oe ina Saackion — Chloroform on Sreabmenk itt | Piney ae amd athamelic selutton of KOH spiel ‘pst Qry- Ny CHR, + SKOH ——> CHy- yt + Shy o+ 3ker isos Comp beanome| Me) PREPARATION : — Lodelawe com she obtasinad f aleshel ov acstons “willy Bodtlum Jydaertde omd todins & sodliume cambonslt amd iodime . Fiore ethyl aberhel > She vrenekiong Inka place oe — RNMaLOH + Ty — taot + NeoT + HO Gig GQOH + aol —> CHgCHO + NoL+H,0 (Gxtdebfon of of ettomst) eno + S NAOT —S CT,-CHOFPNAOH Clodinekion of oualeldai), ) CHCHAON =P YT, + E-NUOH —> CHT, + HCOONe + Fel Hower the overall reaction of peebarakion ef ethul aleohol i, — ‘ ‘ “4 D Trem ox one —> hy weersll seackion 4 fessfoone todoterim form oxtkene ly — b Physical Prepudteso| Bodofoum 3 - ji. Zh a yew eyien acid ok room Stimb - a. Th dus Sa. chor unplearomt edous . Chamieal Lrop artes 0 Todlofowrn, a7 14. Hydaclysis > On Ltling, it dedi eine .oquecp \ | “ON > ‘otter fyons fone eee HO = 3K ue, te end 3¥oH 3K, He % + 3K ON, ax umstolele. HCOOK Petersen 2. Sreshing wily silver povoder ~> fess oxelifeme « per 2 ent, + GAg — H-G=@-H + 6 Agl 3. Conbylonnine reaction —> On, “yt pe Gumniine, ond abedhulie olmak, om dotpanche with offeraive smu. CHE, +f CHgiMy + Ge) > U-NSEC 4+ SKkT + 3H,0 Gols My + CHI, + ZKOH + Cg NEC + 3KT +340 armibine, tetofyon. (ate) ———— — —. & hin feat to sued fo abet the x oprsamen of aie mt me (ets) oe eh sary in ore oer | eompoundl amd Jholas to isting de two hounds tn the aman — 5 , Compounds havi en-e—- ov aa spoap oho, Aehid wlth todine amd or Solution 0 Rea or Na,G0s, give | yess tate eet f tedfotm whtle the compounds o met having cu, B7O = OF CH ~t do uct reopen to hie al re Ie Pp t" To Se Akuseon CH, b-H and Cry tHE # 5 Cocsttlyds) Crop enol) eH En hosing, cH ~ gmp reapouds fo Ya Todefgon Look pocpomal dacs nat Cig-e-n + 3 Ty + 4-NOOH As cH, | Heoone + BNoL'+ BHO a Cyelto pph) [Sadia 045 Few (hurl) , on, cy (est) es conf sedond 4o this Sot? chants compounds ike Ggg-e- 8 (burgpldelale) a yi = Cath (penta - 3- ene) Bo mel reebond ko thin Seok - Qn,cHor +4 Ty + BS Nao, A> CHI, + Heoone + SNOT + RWO + BECO oe eda Pin veompound’ (eres) anathane amd ethane axe _ an on natnames omd, ly alt He Bo) City amd Cole ratte C8 i) po METHODS OF PREPARATION OF HALOARENES hydoecarbiny react ively itl pltorine oma Srvwming, Jn dosk af bumboukows “about BIO -~ 920K fm Me fossencs of dus acids (fetls » Ferg » AlCl s,) aelvthy ack as aakalycti amd form chlovoasamas amd. bromocines, Fect er 3 © +, 3532 + AL Or Fe Br 9 + Bry —S 735 (6) 2 “310-320 K aig er | 1. By direek alegenation —> Pangone and othr oxemobic | | | 2. From Diageniann dolls - | Prchanalton ef adiagentum tolk frm aniline +— | ® of | Reagolisatt Sine gfven agent dtoggrtvnn vebonid, | ee ct cami! que om Nato, / Web © eo o-5°a cy BALZ— SOHIRMANN REACTION: —> reparation of onl wie i ver” @) + HBR, oO aes & 4. Bry NS bu fae agrtum borie deajontunn Futbengene sehtdie eit behen|uroborale | | “W. SANDHENER’S “REACTION > foupaalton of hberobingene aond brofnchgent. + Whew Lewgne diogertwm velloride fs wormed ad the ge hogs : 4 venous chlntde (Cpls) ot -cuprous bromide (Ca 2) dissolved svn HL amd H@r Jusfuctivaly: 5 ahlewbougene and bremebangene ane, Send ta Nace Gag@t, [Mer i t +h CuBr, [HOT re +e 4 R No ePachasabton of chbecthenrgre: > GATTERMAKW ReneTION > apeslion | TTT TSE Chive and brome owns com bo frcfoored ‘I fuking Staggriar whioide vith o fer fraredl nbn, a Joouedex amd HCL “hee satan Cun) Hee ge B +N Br © CufHor & + dy ae sient bangs Coe Sy) Josep soaring agente ail ogy ‘aolubiow 4 potnosiwrn todide . zt yao v wosm 4+ KI —~? + Ny + KWL | Puy sient PROPERTIES OF WALORRENES s— 4, ing ond betling bowls > tng, ombe Setting pont iworeaces with meakat i potas ten te bu? ‘ Arohide . For Hoe bonne, onl te, redlting, om boeiling, -petok dercroace sm the ante “ey "a onl todide > ony bronide7 ony chtnide > oy! Psnide angpe 2. Solubility TF Holacremey are polo meleuley pe ta one insoluble in wali because Be aie ieas ae hag aoe telable ts esate : NEA C Gu ey from i Hydrecanboms Note | 7 TL shda. foe KR Nudvo carbons No tex 7 CHEMICAL PROPERTIRG OF &) HALO ARENES + Subslitulion Reackions ne Qe, sohyt fees a + @, “Sess & a ao + WL Le ge - ! reey + fec"] ©~ and pe Atcltiw beagenre, clec hophile ; : a ~ Halegenakion -medhamtim, pom Cees KI book Nitrakton —> 7 ~~ No, @~ amd b~ meh chlor bengune Hot + nso, -+-[Nof? . eleelseb hile, 5 Nihrekton mechantom pom Caso XY bok er Lhenalton — [Study mechameim Joon x book or nalial Sulbhonah OTe aa " i ee - crt + vidson Ay eT C +H,0 av Conc. Sot 8- amd - ‘ up" + HSoq + [S03 f Se tae sae - tachophitle . + dNo, Cove 1804 oO a Conc. 2. | - ee 2. Nucleebhilic SubsWhillen Reackions o| Chinobewyne t— | # Holearuney ww chemically, Sess veadttve Una Aalealkanes ov allyt bulides + cam he onplained, on the brats of Jhe ing Cone — w esonamee @oneofst —> te hilevel ne, te eheclron Cloud. Js Aslecalliged duc to vesenance — & goto Sets Oc: al ree Eo GP HOGI SD-O ®) a “ @) & fan do sasenames , tarts arbal cleuble bon chads i C-CL bend. dhe C- el bend Sorat im thi Ss bmaller thom @-@L bend inv baths. Aiver shar tenin } bend Korat fa tt ete matey ed As ore Shale and fos reackive thaw abyl heres . i) Hybrtdtgakton & —> Yhe C- abom fa chtovelungne ta sp hubetdized (s- chosastir 33.3) tohile | in rolocdBomes bs Sp? Aubutdiged (s- chance ay). Creal the §-whoradliv, qrealas is 1E clechoweg ily, more a vchbsmbingene holda the alechon pal of C- en bon and. tachi Joi lun beadimcy to rence Ns a. veal bneaksng of ECE ‘ 6-@ bend bn tn CO bond. ehleidbougne . is = diffeudle, —x |ay Replewement of chlovdne with —OH group | CT Dow's" Process e & . | On Jreaking uchterel will queens Sodium huycbvorid, | ak 623 = oli ae, sodium [phere | ds loved whidy en acidification genet phone . u ON fo Ou { + Nao 623K @) dil. HCL. o | © (a4) Boat” — Noh phenol by Replacement oI echbenme vith, — NU feat to i feo amilie —> Ny | 2 ds 4 ans + C40 ES SO] + CusG tte + 3. MISGRLLA NEOUS ‘REACTIONS ¢ — cy Reduction to beugine —> i- AU /NoOW Ore sap SEA SO + he oe dint boangene ty Rencttow witty racine FITTIQ. REACTION ¢ 2 oy 4 ane ore + nal bipheny & Gi) WORTH FITTIG, “REACTION + Gy rates ao, Hs Epes 4 anntt toluene mmalior WH) Welton avilly magiwadeny (+ 5 THE @ 7 4 Gebgtagtrhoo) | oy id-eyery baton we of PDT 27 YW. FORMATION Abed STRUCTURE 22 a mmixhwn © Cborol DDT + prepared 7 hreoks Concenbyalad, amd, chlesvbergene Ue the reaamer: of sulphurte add . Hr 7 | \ 4 ope u @a,-e-0 + an ea, -b ee | gq wee 8 coy ent Le 2 DOT HO Uses 2— | Persexful ‘nsockicide Emsivorsmonbol 2 L, DDT de not biodegredloble . “Ls reaidues accumulate im on amd fs tertie to ram lavings ove omannmals » ——*

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