Scribd
Upload
5 views31 pages

Intro to Trig

The document is an introduction to trigonometry, covering key concepts such as trigonometric functions, angle measurement in degrees and radians, and the unit circle. It outlines learning outcomes for classes, including understanding oscillations in economics, graphing trigonometric functions, and solving trigonometric equations. Additionally, it provides important properties and basic formulas related to sine, cosine, and tangent functions.

Uploaded by

ehsan rashidi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views31 pages

Intro to Trig

The document is an introduction to trigonometry, covering key concepts such as trigonometric functions, angle measurement in degrees and radians, and the unit circle. It outlines learning outcomes for classes, including understanding oscillations in economics, graphing trigonometric functions, and solving trigonometric equations. Additionally, it provides important properties and basic formulas related to sine, cosine, and tangent functions.

Uploaded by

ehsan rashidi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

Introduction to Trigonometry

Teacher: Ev Papoula
Email address: [email protected]

Introduction to Trigonometry
Introduction
• Learning outcomes Class 1
✓ Understand the notion of oscillations and how they are useful in (macro)economics

✓ Identify sin, cos, and tan and how they relate to a cycle

✓ Transform degrees of an angle to radians

✓ Use a calculator to estimate radians


Trigonometry
• Greek for triangle + measurement

• It’s all about angles, but we use triangles to define concepts


1. The six
Trigonometric
functions
• The various ratios
between the lengths of
these 3 sides of a right
triangle.
Important to remember!
1. Trig functions are properties of angles, not triangles.
2. Trig functions are unitless.
3. Trig functions are written and read as sin 𝜃 and not sin 𝜃 .
4. Squared trig functions are written and read as sin2 𝜃 ,and not
sin 𝜃 2 .
2. Cartesian coordinates and quadrants (reminder!)
Angle measurement in degrees and radians
1 radian = 1 radius worth of angle
4. The Pythagorean Theorem
5. The Unit Circle

• A circle with a radius of 1.


sin 𝜃 = 𝑦
cos 𝜃 = 𝑥
You only really need the first quadrant….
Solve anything by using this method.
13𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= + 2𝜋 (start at then rotate once around counterclockwise)
6 6 6

𝜋
So, + 2𝜋𝑛, n = 0, ±1, ±2, ±3, … , where 𝑛 is the number of
6 𝜋
complete revolutions you make around the unit circle starting at .
6

Positive values of 𝑛 correspond to counterclockwise rotations, and


negative values of 𝑛 correspond to clockwise rotations.
Exercise: Calculate the following:
2𝜋 2𝜋
1. sin and sin −
3 3
7𝜋 7𝜋
2. cos and cos −
6 6
𝜋 7𝜋
3. tan − and tan
4 4
9𝜋
4. sin 4
Useful properties

1. A sine function is an odd function: sin −𝜃 = − sin 𝜃 .


2. A cosine function is an even function: cos −𝜃 = cos 𝜃 .
3. A tangent function is an odd function: tan −𝜃 = − tan 𝜃 .
Class 2 - Trig functions: Graphs and Equations
Learning outcomes:

At the end of this class you should be able to:


✓Identify the graphs of trigonometric functions

✓Graph trigonometric functions

✓Identify the period, frequency and amplitude in graphs of trigonometric functions

✓Apply basic trigonometric properties and formulas


✓Solve trigonometric equations using familiar values, and your calculator
Graphs of Trigonometric
Functions
Sine Function Graph

𝑦 = sin 𝑥

Periodic function
with a period of 2𝜋

−1 ≤ sin 𝑥 ≤ 1

What is the domain


and range?
Cosine Function Graph

𝑦 = cos 𝑥

Periodic function
with a period of 2𝜋

−1 ≤ cos 𝑥 ≤ 1

What is the domain


and range?
𝟏
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝝅
𝟐
Tangent Function Graph
𝑦 = tan 𝑥

sin 𝑥
tan 𝑥 =
cos 𝑥

Tangent will not exist where


cosine is 0, so at: 𝑥 =
5𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
⋯,− ,− ,− , , ,
2 2 2 2 2
5𝜋
,…
2
𝜋
So for 𝑥 = + 𝑛𝜋
2

Periodic function with a


period of 𝜋
Draw the following functions.

1. 𝑓 𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 on the interval 0,2𝜋 .


a) What is the domain and range of the function?
b) What is the period and frequency of the graph?
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2sin 𝑥 .
a) What is the domain and range of the function?
b) What is the period, frequency, and amplitude of the function?

For homework:
3. 𝑓 𝑥 = −3cos 2𝑥 on the interval 0,2𝜋 .
1
4. 𝑓 𝑥 = 1 − sin 𝑥 on the interval 0,2𝜋 .
2
Solving trigonometric equations

• Demonstration on the board. Take notes!


• Watch the pre-recorded lectures on MS Teams for revision at
home before you attempt the homework.

• Please make sure your calculator is in Radian Mode!


Basic Formulas of Trigonometric
Functions
Basic formulas (no proofs needed!)

1. sin −𝑥 = − sin 𝑥
2. cos −𝑥 = cos 𝑥
3. tan −𝑥 = − tan 𝑥
4. sin 𝑥 + 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦 + cos 𝑥 sin 𝑦
5. cos 𝑥 + 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦 − sin 𝑥 sin 𝑦
tan 𝑥 + tan 𝑦
6. tan 𝑥 + 𝑦 =
1−tan 𝑥 tan 𝑦
7. sin 2𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
8. cos 2𝑥 = cos2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥
2 tan 𝑥
9. tan 2𝑥 = 1−tan2𝑥

You might also like