LEA1

Police Organization and Administration (Inter Agency Approach)

MODULE 1
INTRODUCTION:
LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION
Introduction: The organization with management and administration is directed towards
the achievement of goals and objectives.

Goals are broad statements of general and long term organizational purposes often used
to define the role of the police, for instance, to prevent crime, maintain order or help
solve community problems. Objectives are specific short term statements consistent with
an organizations goal.

The organization guides members in its operation of the assigned duties. It enhances
better administration of the department. Good organization and administration would
eventually mean effective and efficient police work. Organization can also distinguished
by their degree of formality and structure:

1. Formal Organization-is defined as those organizations that are formally established

for explicit purpose of achieving certain goals. (Stable social institutions.)

2. Informal Organization- are those sharing the basic characteristic of all organizations
arise through the social interactions of individuals or through family grouping.

What is Organization?
 It is a form of human association for the attainment of goal or objective.

It is the process of identifying and grouping the work to be performed, defining and
delegating responsibility and authority establishing relationships for the propose of
enabling people work effectively.
ORIGIN OF THE WORD “POLICE”

 POLITEIA – Greek word which means government of the city (Polis)

 POLITIA – Roman word which means condition of the state or government

 POLICE – French word which was later adopted by the English language.

THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE

1. HOME RULE THEORY
- policemen are regarded as servants of the community, who rely for the efficiency of
their functions upon the express needs of the people.
- policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the
preservation of public peace and security.

2. CONTINENTAL THEORY
- policemen are regarded as state or servants of the higher authorities
- the people have no share or have neither little participation with the duties nor
connection with the police organization.
3. OLD CONCEPT
- police service gives the impression of being merely a suppressive machinery
- this philosophy advocates that the measurement of police competence is the
increasing number of arrests, throwing offenders in detention facilities rather than
trying to prevent them from committing crimes.

4. MODERN CONCEPT
- regards police as the first line of defense of the criminal justice system, an organ of
crime prevention
- police efficiency is measured by the decreasing number of crimes
- broadens police activities to cater to social services and has for its mission the
welfare of the individual as well as that of the community in general.

ORGANIZATIONAL UNITS IN THE POLICE ORGANIZATION

1. Functional Units

Bureau - the largest organic functional unit within a large department; comprised of
several divisions.

Division - a primary subdivision of a bureau.

Section - functional unit within a division that is necessary for specialization.

Unit - functional group within a section or the smallest functional group within an
organization.

2. Territorial Units

Post - a fixed point or location to which an officer is assigned for duty.

Route - a length of streets designated for patrol purpose, also called line beat.

Beat - an area designed for patrol purposes whether foot or motorized.

Sector - an area containing two or more beat, route or post.

District - a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol purposes, usually with its own
station.

Area - a section or territorial division of a large city each comprised of designated

districts.

ORGANIC UNITS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION

1. OPERATIONAL UNITS
- those that perform primary or line functions
- examples are patrol, traffic, investigation and vice control

2. ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS
- those that perform the administrative functions examples are personnel, finance,
planning and training.

3. SERVICE UNITS
- those that perform auxiliary functions
- examples are communication, records management, supplies.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
- the systematic arrangement of the relationship of the members, positions,
departments and
functions or work of the organization
- it is comprised of functions, relationships, responsibilities and authorities of individuals
within
the organization

KINDS OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES

1. LINE
- the oldest and simplest kind; also called military
- defined by its clear chain of command from the highest to the lowest and vice versa
- depicts the line functions of the organization
- orders or commands must come from the higher level of authority before it can be
carried out
- involves few departments

2. FUNCTIONAL
- structure according to functions and specialized units
- depicts staff functions of the organization
- responsibilities are divided among authorities who are all accountable to the authority
above.

3. LINE AND STAFF

- a combination of the line and functional kind
- combines the flow of information from the line structure with the staff departments that
service,
advise, and support them
- generally more formal in nature and has many departments

ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES

FOUR PRIMAL CONDITIONS OF AN ORGANIZATION

1. AUTHORITY
- the supreme source of government for any particular organization
- the right to exercise, to decide and to command by virtue of rank and position
2. MUTUAL COOPERATION
- an organization exists because it serves a purpose.
3. DOCTRINE
- provides for the organization’s objectives
- provides the various actions, hence, policies, procedures, rules and regulations of the
org. are based on the statement of doctrines
4. DISCIPLINE
- comprising behavioral regulations

PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

1. UNITY OF COMMAND
- dictates that there should only be ONE MAN commanding the unit to ensure uniformity
in the execution of orders

2. SPAN OF CONTROL
- the maximum number of subordinates that a superior can effectively supervise

Factors affecting the span of control:

a) Leadership qualities of the supervisors
b) Nature of the job and work conditions
c) Complexity of task
d) Education and skill of the employees
3. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
- conferring of an amount of authority by a superior position to a lower-level position.

4. HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY
- the relationship between superiors and subordinates
- serves as the framework for the flow of authority downward and obedience upward
through the
department

HIERARCHY - represents the formal relationship among superiors and subordinates in

any given organization
5. SPECIALIZATION
- the assignment of particular personnel to particular tasks

SPECIALIZATION OF JOBS (AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION)

- the designation of certain activities or tasks as ones that must be performed in a highly.
technological, scientific or precise manner
- areas of police specialization include undercover works, crime scene operations, legal
advising,
computer work, SWAT operations and others

SPECIALIZATION OF PEOPLE (SPECIALISTS)

- the designation of particular persons as having expertise in a specific area of work
- signifies the adaptation of an individual to the requirements through extensive training.

6. CHAIN OF COMMAND
- the arrangement of officers from top to bottom on the basis of rank or position and
authority.

7. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY
- dictates that immediate commanders shall be responsible for the effective supervision
and
control.

MODULE 2: BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM

The institution of police in the Philippines formally started during the Spanish period. The
establishment of the police force was not entirely intended for crime prevention nor
peacekeeping. Rather, it was created as an extension of the colonial military
establishment.

ANCIENT ROOTS

The forerunner of the contemporary police system was the practice of barangay
chieftains to select able-bodied young men to protect their barangay during the night
and were not required to work in the fields during daytime. Among the duties of those
selected were to protect the properties of the people in the barangay and protect their
crops and livestock from wild animals.

SPANISH PERIOD

Carabineros de Seguridad Publica – organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying the
regulations of the Department of State; this was armed and considered as the mounted
police; years after, this kind of police organization discharged the duties of a port, harbor
and river police.

Guardrilleros/Cuardillo – this was a body of rural police by the Royal Decree of 18

January 1836, this decree provided that 5% of the able-bodied male inhabitants of each
province were to be enlisted in this police organization for three years

Guardia Civil – this was created by a Royal Decree issued by the Crown on 12 February
1852
to partially relieve the Spanish Peninsular troops of their work in policing towns,it
consisted of a body of Filipino policemen organized originally in each of the provincial
capitals of the central provinces of Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor.

AMERICAN PERIOD

The Americans established the United States Philippine Commission headed by General
Howard Taft as its first governor-general. On January 9, 1901, the Metropolitan Police
Force of Manila was organized pursuant to Act No 70of the Taft Commission. This has
become the basis for the
celebration of the anniversary of the Manila’s Finest every January 9th.

ACT NO 175 – entitled “An Act Providing for the Organization and Government of an
Insular Constabulary”, enacted on July 18, 1901.

Henry T. Allen - Captain of the 6th US cavalry, a graduate of West Point class 1882.
Father of the Philippine Constabulary.The first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in
1901.

ACT NO 183 - created the Manila Police Department, enacted on July 31, 1901.

CAPT GEORGE CURRY - the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department in
1901.

Act No 255 – the act that renamed the Insular Constabulary into Philippine
Constabulary,
enacted on October 3, 1901

Executive Order 389 – ordered that the Philippine Constabulary be one of the four
services
of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, enacted on December 23, 1940.
POST-AMERICAN PERIOD

RA 4864 – otherwise known as the Police Professionalization Act of 1966, enacted on

September 8, 1966; created the Police Commission (POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to
oversee the training and professionalization of the local police forces under the Office of
the President; later POLCOM was renamed into National Police Commission
(NAPOLCOM).

MARTIAL LAW PERIOD

PD 765 – otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975,enacted on August 8, 1975;

established the Integrated National Police (INP) composed of the Philippine Constabulary
(PC) as the nucleus and the integrated local police forces as components, under the
Ministry of National Defense
- transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the President to the Ministry of National
Defense
POST MARTIAL LAW REGIME

Executive Order No 1012 – transferred to the city and municipal government the
operational
supervision and direction over all INP units assigned within their locality; issued on July
10,1985

Executive Order No 1040 – transferred the administrative control and supervision of

the INP from the Ministry of National Defense to the National Police Commission

RA 6975 – otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and Local Government Act
of 1990, enacted on December 13,1990; reorganized the DILG and established the
Philippine National Police, Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology and the Philippine Public Safety College.

RA 8551 – otherwise known as the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization
Act
of 1998, enacted on February 25, 1998; this law amended certain provisions of RA 6975.

RA 9708 - law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on the minimum
educational qualification for appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion
system; approved on 12 August 2009.
- An Act extending for five (5) years the reglementary period for complying with the
minimum educational qualification for appointment to the PNP and adjusting the
promotion system thereof, amending for the purpose pertinent provisions of RA 6975 and
RA 8551 and for other purposes.

MODULE 3: PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
The Philippine National Police (Filipino: Pambansang Pulisya ng Pilipinas, acronymed
as PNP) is the armed NATIONAL POLICE FORCE in the Philippines. Its national
headquarters is at Camp Crame in Quezon City, Metro Manila. Currently, it has 220,000
personnel.
The agency is administered and controlled by the National Police Commission and is part
of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Local police officers are
operationally controlled by municipal mayors. DILG, on the other hand, organizes, trains
and equips the PNP for the performance of police functions as a police force that is
national in scope and civilian in character.
The PNP was formed on January 29, 1991 when the Philippine Constabulary and the
Integrated National Police were merged pursuant to Republic Act 6975 of 1990.

IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES IN THE EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLICING

Brig.Gen. Rafael Crame - the first Filipino Chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1917.

Col. Antonio Torres - the first Filipino Chief of Police of the Manila Police Department in
1935.

Col. Lambert Javalera - the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department after
the Philippine Independence from the United States of America in 1946

Dir.Gen. Cesar Nazareno - the first chief of the Philippine National Police.

HISTORY
Passed on December 13, 1990, Republic Act No. 6975, the Department of the Interior
and Local Government Act of 1990 paved the way for a new era for Philippine law
enforcement as the law ordered the total merger of both the Philippine Constabulary and
the Integrated National Police and formally created the Philippine National Police. R.A.
6975 was further amended by R.A. 8551, the Philippine National Police Reform and
Reorganization Act of 1998, and by R.A. 9708. The R.A. 8551 envisioned the PNP to be a
community- and service-oriented agency.
On June 14, 2019, the PNP announced that the Counter-Intelligence Task Force will be
replaced with the Integrity Monitoring and Enforcement Group.

REPUBLIC ACT No. 6975

December 13, 1990
AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE UNDER A
REORGANIZED DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT, AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress
assembled:
Section 1. Title of the Act. – This Act shall be known as the "Department of the
Interior and Local Government Act of 1990.“
Section 2. Declaration of Policy. – It is hereby declared to be the policy of the State
to promote peace and order, ensure public safety and further strengthen local
government capability aimed towards the effective delivery of the basic services to the
citizenry through the establishment of a highly efficient and competent police force that
is national in scope and civilian in character. Towards this end, the State shall bolster a
system of coordination and cooperation among the citizenry, local executives and the
integrated law enforcement and public safety agencies created under this Act.
The police force shall be organized, trained and equipped primarily for the performance
of police functions. Its national scope and civilian character shall be paramount. No
element of the police force shall be military nor shall any position thereof be occupied by
active members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
Section 3. Promulgation of Comprehensive Policies by Congress. – Subject to the
limitations provided in the Constitution, the President shall recommend to Congress the
promulgation of policies on public order and safety to protect the citizenry from all forms
of lawlessness, criminality and other threats to peace and order.
CHAPTER I
THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Section 4. The Department of the Interior and Local Government. – To carry out
the policies and purposes of this Act, the Department of Local Government is hereby
reorganized into the Department of the Interior and Local Government, hereinafter
referred to as the Department, in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
Section 5. Powers and Functions of the Department. – In furtherance of the
objectives of this Act, the Department shall continue to exercise the powers and
functions of the Department of Local Government in addition to the powers and functions
as herein provided.
Section 6. Organization. – The Department shall consist of the Department Proper, the
existing bureaus and offices of the Department of Local Government, the National Police
Commission, the Philippine Public Safety College, and the following bureaus: the
Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Fire Protection, and the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology.
Section 7. Department Proper. – The Department Proper shall consist of the existing
staff services as provided for under Executive Order No. 262 and the following offices:
(a) Office of the Secretary. – The office of the Secretary shall consist of the Secretary and
his immediate staff; and
(b) Office of the Undersecretaries and Assistant Secretaries. – The Secretary shall be
assisted by two (2) Undersecretaries, one (1) for local government and the other for
peace and order, at least one (1) of whom must belong to the career executive service,
and three (3) career Assistant Secretaries.
Section 8. Head of Department. – The head of the Department. – The head of the
Department, hereinafter referred to as the Secretary, shall also be the ex-officio
Chairman of the National Police Commission and shall be appointed by the President
subject to confirmation of the Commission on Appointments. No retired or resigned
military officer or police official may be appointed as Secretary within one (1) year from
the date of his retirement or resignation.
Section 9. General Powers, Term of Office and Compensation of the Secretary. –
The authority and responsibility for the exercise of the Department's powers and
functions shall be vested in the Secretary, who shall hold office at the pleasure of the
President and shall receive the compensation, allowances and other emoluments to
which heads of departments are entitled.
Section 10. Specific Powers and Functions of the Secretary. – In addition to his
powers and functions as provided in Executive Order No. 262, the Secretary as
Department head shall have the following powers and functions:
(a) Prepare and submit periodic reports, including a Quarterly Anti-Crime Operations
Report and such other reports as the President and Congress may require;
(b) Act as Chairman and Presiding Officer of the National Police Commission; and
(c) Delegate authority to exercise any substantive or administrative function to the
members of the National Police Commission or other officers of rank within the
Department.
Section 11. Regional Offices. – The Department shall establish, operate and maintain
a regional office in each of the administrative regions of the country to implement the
policies and programs of the Department. Each regional office shall be headed by a
regional director to be assisted by two (2) assistant regional directors: one (1) for jail
management and penology and another for fire protection in addition to the present
assistant regional directors of the Department of Local Government.
Section 12. Relationship of the Department with the Department of National
Defense. – During a period of twenty-four (24) months from the effectivity of this Act,
the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) shall continue its present role of preserving the
internal and external security of the State: Provided, That said period may be extended
by the President, if he finds it justifiable, for another period not exceeding twenty-four
(24) months, after which, the Department shall automatically take over from the AFP the
primary role of preserving internal security, leaving to the AFP its primary role of
preserving external security. However, even after the Department has assumed primary
responsibility on matters affecting internal security, including the suppression of
insurgency, and there are serious threats to national security and public order, such as
where insurgents have gained considerable foothold in the community thereby
necessitating the employment of bigger tactical forces and the utilization of higher
caliber armaments and better armored vehicles, the President may, upon
recommendation of the peace and order council, call upon the Armed Forces of the
Philippines to assume the primary role and the Philippine National Police (PNP) to play
the supportive role in the area concerned.
In times of national emergency, all elements of the PNP, the Bureau of Fire Protection,
and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology shall, upon direction of the President,
assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in meeting the national emergency.
The complementary relationship between the Department of the Interior and Local
Government and the Department of National Defense in any of the preceding
eventualities shall be jointly prescribed by their respective Secretaries in a memorandum
of agreement that shall thereafter be published and implemented.
CHAPTER II
THE NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
Section 13. Creation and Composition. – A National Police Commission, hereinafter
referred to as the Commission, is hereby created for the purpose of effectively
discharging the functions prescribed in the Constitution and provided in this Act. The
Commission shall be a collegial body within the Department. It shall be composed of a
Chairman and four (4) regular commissioners, one (1) of whom shall be designated as
Vice-Chairman by the President. The Secretary of the Department shall be the ex-officio
Chairman of the Commission, while the Vice-Chairman shall act as the executive officer
of the Commission.
Section 14. Powers and Functions of the Commission. – The Commission shall
exercise the following powers and functions:
(a) Exercise administrative control over the Philippine National Police;
(b) Advise the President on all matters involving police functions and administration;
(c) Foster and develop policies and promulgate rules and regulations, standards and
procedures to improve police services based on sound professional concepts and
principles;
(d) Examine and audit, and thereafter establish the standards for such purposes on a
continuing basis, the performance, activities, and facilities of all police agencies
throughout the country;
(e) Prepare a police manual prescribing rules and regulations for efficient organization,
administration, and operation, including recruitment, selection, promotion and
retirement;
(f) Establish a system of uniform crime reporting;
(g) Conduct surveys and compile statistical data for the proper evaluation of the
efficiency and effectiveness of all police units in the country;
(h) Render to the President and to Congress an annual report on its activities and
accomplishments during the thirty (30) days after the end of the calendar year, which
shall include an appraisal of the conditions obtaining in the organization and
administration of police agencies in the municipalities, cities and provinces throughout
the country, and recommendations for appropriate remedial legislation;
(i) Approve or modify plans and programs on education and training, logistical
requirements, communications, records, information systems, crime laboratory, crime
prevention and crime reporting;
(j) Affirm, reverse or modify, through the National Appellate Board, personnel disciplinary
actions involving demotion or dismissal from the service imposed upon members of the
Philippine National Police by the Chief of the Philippine National Police;
(k) Exercise appellate jurisdiction through the regional appellate boards over
administrative cases against policemen and over decisions on claims for police benefits;
(l) Recommend to the President, through the Secretary, within sixty (60) days before the
commencement of each calendar year, a crime prevention;
(m) Prescribe minimum standards for arms, equipment, and uniforms and, after
consultation with the Philippine Heraldy Commission, for insignia of ranks, awards and
medals of honor;
(n) Issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum in matters pertaining to the discharge of
its own powers and duties, and designate who among its personnel can issue such
processes and administer oaths in connection therewith; and
(o) Perform such other functions necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act and as
the President may direct.
Section 15. Qualifications. – No person shall be appointed regular member of the
Commission unless:
(a) He is at least thirty-five (35) years of age;
(b) A member of the Philippine Bar or a holder of a master's degree in public
administration, business administration, management, sociology, criminology, law
enforcement, national security administration, defense studies, and other related
discipline; and
(c) Has had experience in law enforcement work for at least five (5) years .
Section 16. Term of Office. – The four (4) regular and full-time Commissioners shall be
appointed by the President upon the recommendation of the Secretary. Of the first four
(4) commissioners to be appointed, two (2) commissioners shall serve for six (6) years
and the two (2) other commissioners for four (4) years. All subsequent appointments
shall be for a period of six (6) years each, without reappointment or extension.
Section 17. Temporary or Permanent Incapacity of the Chairman. – In case of
absence due to temporary or permanent incapacity of the Chairman, the President shall
designate an Acting Chairman. In case of death or permanent incapacity or
disqualification of the Chairman, the Acting Chairman shall also act as such until a new
Chairman shall have been appointed and qualified.
Section 18. Removal from Office. – The members of the Commission may be
removed from office for cause. All vacancies in the Commission, except through
expiration of term, shall be filled up for the unexpired term only: Provided, That any
person who shall be appointed in this case shall be eligible for regular appointment for
another full term.
Section 19. Prohibitions. – The Chairman and members of the Commission shall not
engage in the practice of any profession, or intervene, directly or indirectly, in the
management and control of any private enterprise. They shall not, directly or indirectly,
have any financial or material interest in any transaction requiring the approval of their
office.
Section 20. Organizational Structure. – The Commission shall consist of the following
units:
(a) Commission Proper. – This is composed of the offices of the Chairman and the four (4)
commissioners.
(b) Staff Services. – The staff services of the Commission shall be as follows:
(1) The planning and Research Service, which shall provide technical services to the
Commission in areas of overall policy formulation, strategic and operational planning,
management systems or procedures, evaluation and monitoring of the Commission's
programs, projects and internal operations; and shall conduct thorough research and
analysis on social and economic conditions affecting peace and order in the country;
(2) The Legal Affairs Service, which shall provide the Commission with efficient and
effective service as legal counsel of the Commission; draft or study contracts affecting
the Commission and submit appropriate recommendations pertaining thereto; and
render legal opinions arising from the administration and operation of the Philippine
National Police and the Commission;

(3) The Crime Prevention and Coordination Service, which shall undertake criminological
researches and studies; formulate a national crime prevention plan; develop a crime
prevention and information program and provide editorial direction for all criminology
research and crime prevention publications;
(4) The Administrative Service, which shall provide the Commission with assistance on
budgetary and financial matters; provide the necessary services relating to records,
correspondence, supplies, property and equipment, security and general services, and
the maintenance and utilization of facilities; and provide services relating to manpower,
career planning and development, personnel transactions and employee welfare;
(5) The Inspection and Monitoring Service, which shall conduct continuous inspection and
management audit of personnel, facilities and operations at all levels of command of the
PNP and shall monitor the implementation of the Commission's programs and projects
relative to law enforcement; and
(6) The Installations and Logistics Service, which shall review the Commission's plans
and programs and formulate policies and procedures regarding acquisition, inventory,
control, distribution, maintenance and disposal of supplies and shall oversee the
implementation of programs on transportation facilities and installations and the
procurement and maintenance of supplies and equipment.
(c) Disciplinary Appellate Boards. – The Commission shall establish a formal
administrative disciplinary appellate machinery consisting of the National Appellate
Board and the regional appellate boards.
The National Appellate Board shall decide cases on appeal from decisions rendered by
the PNP chief, while the regional appellate boards shall decide cases on appeal from
decisions rendered by officers other than the PNP chief, the mayor, and the People Law
Enforcement Board (PLEB) created hereunder.
Section 21. Regional Offices. – The Commission shall establish, operate and maintain
regional offices headed by regional directors who shall implement the policies and
programs of the Commission in their respective regions. For administrative purposes, the
regional offices of the Commission shall be attached to the general offices of the
Department.
Subject to the standards that shall be prescribed by the Commission, the regional offices
shall likewise perform the functions of adjudication of benefit claims.
Section 22. Qualifications of Regional Directors. – No person shall be appointed
regional director unless:
(a) He is at least thirty (30) years of age;
(b) A holder of a baccalaureate degree and appropriate civil service eligibility; and
(c) Has at least five (5) years experience in the field of law enforcement, criminology or
police administration.
CHAPTER III
A. THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ORGANIZATION
Section 23. Composition. – Subject to the limitations provided for in this Act, the
Philippine National Police, hereinafter referred to as the PNP, is hereby established,
initially consisting of the members of the police forces who were integrated into the
Integrated National Police (INP) pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 765, and the officers
and enlisted personnel of the Philippine Constabulary (PC). For purposes of this Act, the
officers and enlisted personnel of the PC shall include those assigned with the Narcotics
Command (NARCOM) or the Criminal Investigation Service (CIS); and those of the
technical services of the AFP assigned with the PC and the civilian operatives of the CIS.
The regular operatives of the abolished NAPOLCOM Inspection, Investigation and
Intelligence Branch may also be absorbed by the PNP. In addition, a PC officer or enlisted
personnel may transfer to any of the branches or services of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines in accordance with the provisions of Section 85 of this Act.
In order to be qualified for transfer to the PNP units in Metropolitan Manila and in highly
urbanized cities, an individual must have completed not less than second year collegiate
work or its equivalent in training of seventy-two (72) collegiate units.
Anyone who has any pending administrative or criminal case or has been adjudged liable
or convicted of any crime pending appeal shall be allowed to join the PNP provisionally
without prejudice to final judgment by a body of competent jurisdiction.
The permanent civilian employees of the present PC, INP, Narcotics Command, CIS, and
the technical services of the AFP assigned with the PC, including NAPOLCOM hearing
officers holding regular items as such, shall be absorbed by the Department as
employees thereof, subject to existing laws and regulations.
Section 24. Powers and Functions. – The PNP shall have the following powers and
functions:
(a) Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to the protection of lives and properties;
(b) Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure public safety;
(c) Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders, bring offenders
to justice and assist in their prosecution;
(d) Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and seizure in accordance with
the Constitution and pertinent laws;
(e) Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law,
informing the person so detained of all his rights under the Constitution;
(f) Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and explosives in accordance with law;
(g) Supervise and control the training and operations of security agencies and issue
licenses to operate security agencies, and to security guards and private detectives, for
the practice of their professions; and
(h) Perform such other duties and exercise all other functions as may be provided by law.
In addition, the PNP shall absorb the office of the National Action Committee on Anti-
Hijacking (NACAH) of the Department of National Defense, all the functions of the
present Philippine Air Force Security Command (PAFSECOM), as well as the police
functions of the Coast Guard. In order to perform its powers and functions efficiently and
effectively, the PNP shall be provided with adequate land, sea, and air capabilities and all
necessary material means of resources.
Section 25. Organization. – The PNP shall be headed by a Chief who shall be assisted
by two (2) deputy chief, one (1) for operations and one (1) for administration, both of
whom shall be appointed by the President upon recommendation of the Commission
from among the most senior and qualified officers in the service: Provided, however,
That in no case shall any officer who has retired or is retirable within six (6) months from
his compulsory retirement age be appointed as Chief of the PNP. The PNP shall be
composed of a national office, regional offices, provincial offices, district offices, city or
municipal stations.
At the national level, the PNP shall maintain its office in Metropolitan Manila which shall
house the directorial staff, service staff and special support units.
At the regional level, the PNP shall have regional offices, including that of the National
Capital Region, which may be divided into two (2) separate regions without prejudice to
the pertinent provisions of the Organic Act for the Autonomous Regions of the Cordilleras
and Muslim Mindanao relative to the creation of a regional police force in the area of
autonomy. Each of these regional offices shall be headed by a regional director for peace
and order.
At the provincial level, there shall be a PNP office, each headed by a provincial director.
In the case of large provinces, police districts may be established by the Commission to
be headed by a district director.
At the city or municipal level, there shall be a PNP station, each headed by a chief of
police.
The Chief of the PNP shall, within sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this Act and in
accordance with the broad guidelines set forth herein, recommend the organizational
structure and staffing pattern of the PNP to the Commission.
Section 26. Powers, Functions and term of Office of the PNP Chief . – The
command and direction of the PNP shall be vested in the Chief of the PNP who shall have
the power to direct and control tactical as well as strategic movements, deployment,
placement, utilization of the PNP or any of its units and personnel, including its
equipment, facilities and other resources. Such command and direction of the Chief of
the PNP may be delegated to subordinate officials with the respect to the units under
their respective commands, in accordance with the rules and regulation prescribed by
the Commission. The Chief of the PNP shall also have the power to issue detailed
implementing policies and instructions regarding personnel, funds, properties, records,
correspondence and such other matters as may be necessary to effectivity carry out the
functions, powers and duties of the Bureau. The Chief of the PNP shall be appointed by
the President from among the senior officers down to the rank of chief superintendent,
subject to confirmation by the Commission on Appointments: Provided, That the Chief of
the PNP shall serve a term of office not to exceed four (4) years: Provided, further, That
in times of war or other national emergency declared by Congress, the President may
extend such term of office.
Section 27. Manning Levels. – On the average nationwide, the manning levels of the
PNP shall be approximately in accordance with a police-to-population ratio of one (1)
policeman for every five hundred (500) persons. The actual strength by cities and
municipalities shall depend on the state of peace and order, population density and
actual demands of the service in the particular area: Provided, That the minimum police-
to-population ratio shall not be less than one (1) policeman for every one thousand
(1,000) persons: Provided, further, That urban areas shall have a higher minimum police-
to-population ratio as may be prescribed by regulations.
Section 28. Rank Classification. – For purposes of efficient administration, supervision
and control, the rank classification of the members of the PNP shall be as follows:
Director General
Deputy Director General
Director
Chief Superintendent
Senior Superintendent
Superintendent
Chief Inspector
Senior Inspector
Inspector
Senior Police Officer IV
Senior Police Officer III
Senior Police Officer II
Senior Police Officer I
Police Officer III
Police Officer II
Police Officer I
Section 29. Key Positions. – The head of the PNP with the rank director general shall
have the position title of Chief of the PNP. The second in command of the PNP with the
rank of deputy director general shall be the Deputy Chief of the PNP for Administration.
The third in command with the rank also of deputy director general shall be the Deputy
Chief of the PNP for Operations.
At the national office, the head of the directorial staff with the rank of deputy director
general shall be known as Chief of the Directorial Staff of the PNP.
The heads of the various staff divisions in the directorial staff shall have the rank of
director with the position title of Director of the Directorial Staff of their respective
functional divisions. The head of the Inspectorate Division with the rank of chief
superintendent shall assume the position title of Inspector General. The heads of the
administrative and operational support divisions shall have the rank of chief
superintendent.
The head of the NCR with the rank of director shall assume the position title of NCR
Director.
The heads of the regional offices with the rank of chief superintendent shall assume the
position title of Regional Director.
The heads of the NCR district offices with the rank of chief superintendent shall have the
position title of District Director.
The heads of provincial offices with the rank of senior superintendent shall be known as
Provincial Director.
The heads of the district offices with the rank of superintendent shall have the position
title of District Director.
The heads of the municipality or city offices with the rank of chief inspector shall be
known as Chief of Police.
Section 30. General Qualifications for Appointment. – No person shall be
appointed as officer or member of the PNP unless he possesses the following minimum
qualifications:
(a) A citizen of the Philippines;
(b) A person of good moral conduct;
(c) Of sound mind and body;
(d) Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree for appointment as officer and must
have finished at least second year college or the equivalent of seventy-two (72)
collegiate units for appointment as non-officer or an equivalent training or experience for
those already in the service upon the effectivity of this Act.
(e) Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by the Commission;
(f) Must not have been dishonorably discharged from military employment or dismissed
for cause from any civilian position in the Government;
(g) Must not have been convicted be final judgment of an offense or crime involving
moral turpitude;
(h) Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62 m.) in height for male
and one meter and fifty-seven centimeters (1.57 m.) for female;
(i) Must weight not more or less than five kilograms (5 kg.) of the standard weight
corresponding to his or her height, age, and sex; and
(j) For a new applicant, must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than thirty (30)
years of age.
Section 31. Appointment of PNP Officers and Members. – The appointment of the
officers and members of the PNP shall be effected in the following manner:
(a) Police Officer I to Senior Police Officer IV . – Appointed by the PNP regional director for
regional personnel or by the Chief of the PNP for the national headquarters personnel
and attested by the Civil Service Commission.
(b) Inspector to Superintendent. – Appointed by the Chief of the PNP, as recommended
by their immediate superiors, attested by the Civil Service Commission;
(c) Senior Superintendent to Deputy Director General. – Appointed by the President upon
recommendation of the chief of the PNP, with proper endorsement by the Chairman of
the Civil Service Commission and subject to confirmation by the Commission on
Appointments; and
(d) Director General. – Appointed by the President from among the senior officers down
to the rank of chief superintendent in the service, subject to confirmation by the
Commission on Appointments: Provided, That the Chief of the PNP shall serve a tour of
duty not to exceed four (4) years: Provided, further, That, in times of war or other
national emergency declared by Congress, the President may extend such tour of duty.
Section 32. Examinations for Policemen. – The Civil Service Commission shall
administer the qualifying entrance examinations for policemen on the basis of the
standards set by the NAPOLCOM.
Section 33. Lateral Entry of Officers into the PNP. – In general, all original
appointments of commissioned officers in the PNP shall commence with the rank of
inspector, to include all those with highly technical qualifications applying for the PNP
technical services, such as dentist, optometrists, nurses, engineers, and graduates of
forensic sciences. Doctors of medicine, members of the Bar, and chaplains shall be
appointed to the rank of senior inspector in their particular technical service. Graduates
of the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) shall be automatically appointed to the
initial rank of inspector. Licensed criminologists may be appointed to the rank of
inspector to fill up any vacancy after promotions from the ranks are completed.
Section 34. Qualifications of Chief of City and Municipal Police Stations. – No
person may be appointed chief of a city police station unless he holds a bachelor's
degree from a recognized institution of learning or has served in the Philippine
Constabulary or in the police department of any city or municipality with the rank of
captain or its equivalent therein for at least three (3) years.
No person may be appointed chief of a municipal police station unless he holds a
bachelor's degree from a recognized institution of learning or has served as officer in the
Philippine Constabulary or in the police department of any city or municipality for at least
two (2) years with the rank lieutenant or its equivalent: Provided, That a member of the
Bar with at least five (5) years experience in active law practice and who possesses the
general qualifications under Section 30 of this Act shall be qualified for appointment as
chief of a city or municipal police station: Provided, further, That the chief of police shall
be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 51, paragraph b),
subparagraph (4) (i) of this Act.
Section 35. Support Units. – The PNP shall be supported by administrative and
operational support units. The administrative support units shall consist of the Crime
Laboratory, Logistic Unit, Communications Unit, Computer Center, Finance Center and
Civil Security Unit. The operational support units shall be composed of the Maritime
Police Unit, Police Intelligence Unit, Police Security Unit, Criminal Investigation Unit,
Special Action Force, Narcotics units, Aviation Security Unit, Traffic Management Unit, the
Medical and Dental Centers and the Civil Relations Unit. To enhance police operational
efficiency and effectiveness, the Chief of the PNP may constitute such other support
units as may be necessary subject to the approval of the Commission: Provided, That no
support unit headed by a chief superintendent or a higher rank can be created unless
provided by law.
(a) Administrative Support Units. – (1) Crime Laboratory. There shall be established a
central Crime Laboratory to be headed by a Director with the rank of chief
superintendent, which shall provides scientific and technical investigative aid and
support to the PNP and other government investigative agencies.
It shall also provide crime laboratory examination, evaluation and identification of
physical evidences involved in crimes with primary emphasis on their medical, chemical,
biological and physical nature.
There shall be likewise be established regional and city crime laboratories as may be
necessary in all regions and cities of the country.
(2) Logistic Unit. – Headed by a Director with the rank of chief superintendent, the
Logistics Unit shall be responsible for the procurement, distributions and management of
all the logistical requirements of the PNP including firearms and ammunition.
(3) Communications Unit. – Headed by a Director with the rank of chief superintendent,
the Communications Unit shall be responsible for establishing an effective police
communications network.
(4) Computer Center. – Headed by a Director with the rank of chief superintendent, the
Computer Center shall be responsible for the design, implementation and maintenance
of a database system for the PNP.
(5) Finance Center. – Headed by a Director with the rank of chief superintendent, the
Finance Center shall be responsible for providing finance services to the PNP.
(6) Civil Security Unit. – Headed by a Director with the rank of chief superintendent, the
Civil Security Unit shall provide administrative services and general supervision over
organization, business operation and activities of all organized private detectives,
watchmen, security guard agencies and company guard houses.
The unit shall likewise supervise the licensing and registration of firearms and explosives.
The approval applications for licenses to operate private security agencies, as well as the
issuance of licenses to security guards and the licensing of firearms and explosives, shall
be decentralized to the PNP regional offices.
(b) Operational Support Units. – (1) Maritime Police Unit. Headed by a Director with the
rank of chief superintendent, the Maritime Police Unit shall perform all police functions
over Philippine territorial waters and rivers.
(2) Police Intelligence Unit. – Headed by a Director with the rank of chief superintendent,
the Police Intelligence Unit shall serve as the intelligence and counterintelligence
operating unit of the PNP.
(3) Police Security Unit. – Headed by a Director with the rank of chief superintendent,
Police Security Unit shall provide security for government officials, visiting dignitaries and
private individuals authorized to be given protection.
(4) Criminal Investigation Unit. – Headed by a Director with the rank of chief
superintendent, the Criminal Investigation Unit shall undertake the monitoring,
investigation and prosecution of all crimes involving economic sabotage, and other
crimes of such magnitude and extent as to indicate their commission by highly placed or
professional criminal syndicates and organizations.
This unit shall likewise investigate all major cases involving violations of the Revised
Penal Code and operate against organized crime groups, unless the President assigns the
case exclusively to the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI).
(5) Special Action Force. – Headed by a Director with the rank of chief superintendent,
the Special Action Force shall function as a mobile strike force or reaction unit to
augment regional, provincial, municipal and city police forces for civil disturbance
control, counterinsurgency, hostage-taking rescue operations, and other special
operations.
(6) Narcotics Unit. – Headed by a Director with the rank of chief superintendent, the
Narcotics Unit shall enforce all laws relative to the protection of the citizenry against
dangerous and other prohibited drugs and substances.
(7) Aviation Security Unit. – Headed by a Director with the rank of chief superintendent,
the Aviation Security Unit, in coordination with airport authorities, shall secure all the
country's airports against offensive and terroristic acts that threaten civil aviation,
exercise operational control and supervision over all agencies involved in airport security
operation, and enforce all laws and regulations relative to air travel protection and
safety.
(8) Traffic Management Unit. – Headed by a Director with the rank of chief
superintendent, the Traffic Management Unit shall enforce traffic laws and regulations.
(9) Medical and Dental Centers. – Headed by a Director with the rank of chief
superintendent, the Medical and Dental Centers shall be responsible for providing
medical and dental services for the PNP.
(10) Civil Relations Units. – Headed with a Director with the rank of chief superintendent,
the Civil Relations Unit shall implement plans and programs that will promote community
and citizens' participation in the maintenance of peace and order and public safety.
Section 36. Status of Members of the Philippine National Police. – The members
of the PNP shall be considered employees of the National Government and shall draw
their salaries therefrom: Provided, That PNP members assigned in Metropolitan Manila,
chartered cities and first class municipalities may be paid in additional monthly
allowance by the local government unit concerned.