Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Maragondon Branch
MEEN 3192 (Heat Transfer)
Midterm Examination

Directions: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions.
Mark only one answer for each item by shading the box corresponding to the
letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided. Indicate the SET of your
questionnaire. Strictly No Erasures Allowed.

1. An electrically charged atom or radical who carries electricity

through an electrolyte is called
A. Ion
B. Isotope
C. Molecule
D. Hole

2. The energy of a body that can be transmitted in the form of heat.

A. Heat energy
B. Thermal energy
C. Entropy
D. Internal energy

3. The hot gas temperature in a heat exchanger is 350 oC (ho = 220 W/m2-
K). What is the surface temperature on the wall if the heat transferred
is 1500 W/m2?
A. 350 oC
B. 343 oC
C. 338 oC
D. 358 oC

4. At an average temperature of 100 oC, hot air flows through a 2.5 m long
tube with an inside diameter of 50 mm. The temperature of the tube is
20 oC along its entire length. Convective film coefficient is 20.1 W/m 2-
K. Determine the heat transfer from air to the tube.
A. 900 w
B. 624 w
C. 909 w
D. 632 w

5. In an isometric process, the heat transferred equal to

A. Change in enthalpy
B. Change in entropy
C. Change in internal energy
D. Work nonflow

6. A substance that is able to absorb liquids or gases and is used for

removing them from a given medium or region,
A. Absorbent
B. Cohesive
 C. Adsorbent
D. Adhesive

7. Radiant heat transfer is described by

A. Newton’s Law
B. Fourier’s law
C. The logarithmic mean temperature
D. Kirchhoff’s Law

8. A reservoir that absorbs energy in the form of heat is called

_______.
A. Source
B. Sink
C. Cold reservoir
D. Heat reservoir

9. Heat is conducted in the direction of

A. Increasing temperature
B. Decreasing temperature
C. Increasing and decreasing temperature
D. Constant temperature

10. A pipe with an outside diameter of 2.5 in. is insulated with a 2

in.layer of asbestos (ka = 0.396 Btu-in./hr-ft2-oF), followed by a layer
of cork 1.5 in. thick (kc = 0.30 Btu-in/hr-ft2-oF). If the temperature
of the outer surface of the cork is 90 oF and pipe conveys 290 oF,
calculate the heat loss per 100 ft of insulated pipe.
A. 847.64 Btu/hr
B. 2847.42 Btu/hr
C. 3847.51 Btu/hr
D. 1847.14 Btu/hr

11. A counterflow bank of boiler tubes has a total area of 900 ft 2 and
its over-all efficiency of heat transfer is 13 Btu/hr-ft 2-oF. Calculate
the heat transferred if the log mean temperature difference is 1380 oF.
A. 16,146,000 Btu/hr
B. 17,147,000 Btu/hr
C. 18,148,000 Btu/hr
D. 15,145,000 Btu/hr

12. All heat transfer processes require a medium of energy exchange

except
A. Conduction
B. Natural convection
C. Forced convection
D. Radiation

13. Thermal Conduction is described by

A. Newton’s Law
B. The logarithmic mean temperature difference
C. The Stefan-Boltzmann law
D. Fourier’s Law
14. What is he heat transfer due to density differential?
A. Convection
B. Conduction
C. Nuclear
D. Radiation

15. What do you call the passing of heat energy from molecule to
molecule through a substance?
A. Conduction
B. Conservation
C. Radiation
D. Convection
16. The transmission of heat from one place to another by fluid
circulation between the spots of different temperatures is called
_______.
A. Convection
B. Conservation
C. Radiation
D. Conduction

17. A composite wall is made up of an external thickness of brickwork

110 mm thick inside which is a layer of fiberglass 75 mm thick. The
fiberglass is faced internally by an insulating board 25 mm thick. The
coefficient of thermal conductivity for the three are as follows:
Brickwork 1.5 W/m-K
Fiberglass 0.04 W/m-K
Insulating board 0.06 W/m-K
The surface transfer coefficients of the inside wall is 3.1 W/m 2-K while
that of the outside wall is 2.5 W/m 2-K. Take the internal ambient
temperature as 10 oC and the external temperature is 27 oC. Determine
the heat loss through such wall 6 m high and 10 m long.
A. 330.10 w
B. 530.10 w
C. 230.10 w
D. 430.10 w

18. Which of the following requires the greatest amount of heat per
kilogram for a given increase in temperature?
A. Ice
B. Water
C. Steam
D. Copper

19. A theoretical body which when heated to incandescence would emit

a continuous light-ray
A. Black body radiation
B. Black body
C. Blue body
D. White body

20. Which of the following is the reason for insulating the pipes?
 A. They may not break under pressure
B. There Is minimum corrosion
C. Capacity to withstand pressure
D. Heat loss from the surface is minimized

21. Heat transfer due to density differential

A. Convection
B. Nuclear
C. Conduction
D. Radiation

22. The passing of heat energy from molecule to molecule through a

substance
A. Conduction
B. Radiation
C. Conservation
D. Convection

23. A vertical furnace wall is made up of an inner wall of firebrick

20 cm thick followed by insulating brick 15 cm thick and an outer wall
of steel 1 cm thick. The surface temperature of the wall adjacent to
the combustion chamber is 1200 oC while that of the outer surface of
steel is 50 oC. The thermal conductivities of the wall material in W/m-
K are: firebrick,10; insulating brick 0.26; and steel, 45. Neglecting
the film resistances and contact resistance of joints, determine the
heat loss per sq.m. of the wall area.
A. 2.93 W/m2
B. 1.55 W/m2
C. 1.93 W/m2
D. 2.55 W/m2

24. One insulated wall of a cold-storage compartment is 8 m long by

2.5 m high and consists of an outer steel plate 18 mm thick. An inner
wood wall 22.5 mm thick, the steel and wood are 90 mm apart to form a
cavity which is filled with cork. If the temperature drop across the
extreme faces of the composite wall is 15 oC. Calculate the heat
transfer per hour through the wall and the temperature drop across the
thickness of the cork. Take the coefficients of thermal conductivity
for steel, cork and wood as 45, 0.045 and 0.18 W/m-K respectively.
A. 608.24 kJ, 12.12 oC
B. 508.24 kJ, 11.12 oC
C. 608.24 kJ, 13.12 oC
D. 508.24 kJ, 14.12 oC

25. If the total resistance to heat flow of a composite wall is 3.0875

m2-K/w. What is the over-all transfer coefficient of the wall?
A. 0.423 W/m2-K
B. 0.243 W/m2-K
C. 0.324 W/m2-K
D. 0.234 W/m2-K
26. How much is the part of light that is absorbed by the body that
transmits and reflects 80% and 10% respectively?
A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 20%
D. 30%

27. Which of the following is the emissivity of white body?

A. zero
B. 0.5
C. 1
D. 0 < e < 1

28. Which of the following is the equivalent heat transferred of a gas

undergoing isometric process?
A. change in enthalpy
B. change in entropy
C. change in internal energy
D. work nonflow

29. It is the term used to describe the energy of a body that can be
transmitted in the form of heat.
A. enthalpy
B. thermal energy
C. entropy
D. internal energy

30. It refers to the ratio of the internal thermal resistance of a

solid to the boundary layer thermal resistance (or external resistance
of the body).
A. Reynold number
B. Fourier number
C. Biot number
D. Prandtl number

31. The law which states that “the ratio of the emissive powers to
absorptivities are equal when the two bodies are in thermal equilibrium”
is known as:
A. Stefan-Boltzmann Law
B. Newton’s Law of Convection
C. Fourier’s Law
D. Kirchhoff’s Law of Radiation

32. What refers to an ideal body that absorbs of all the radiant energy
that intrudes on it and also emits the maximum positive energy acting
as a source?
A. white body
B. black body
C. gray body
D. red hot body
33. A body whose emissivity is less than 1 is known as a real body.
What is the other term for real body?
A. gray body
B. white body
C. black body
D. theoretical body

34. Which of the following is the usual geometric view factor for a
black body?
A. zero
B. infinity
C. one
D. indeterminate

35. In a cooling tower, the water is cooled mainly by:

A. condensation
B. convection
C. evaporation
D. conduction

36. The radiant heat transfer depends on:

A. Temperature
B. Heat rays
C. Heat flow from cold to hot
D. Humidity

37. What kind of heat exchanger where water is heated to a point

that dissolved gases are liberated?
A. Evaporator
B. Condenser
C. Intercooler
D. Deaerator

38. Heat transfer processes which include a change of phase of a

fluid are considered _________.
A. Convection
B. Thermal radiation
C. Conduction
D. Radiation

39. A hot block is cooled by blowing cool air over its top surface.
The heat that is first transferred to the air layer close to the
block is by conduction. It is eventually carried away from the
surface by __________
A. Convection
B. Radiation
C. Conduction
D. Thermal radiation

40. Sublimation refers to

A. The vaporization of a solid without first becoming liquid
B. The melting of a solid
 C. The vaporization of a liquid
D. The condensation of a gas into liquid

41. In the process of freeze drying, ice goes directly into water
vapor. What is the temperature at which this process can take place?
A. Below the triple point of water
B. At the triple point of water
C. Above he triple point of water
D. Any of the above, depending on the pressure

42. What usually happen when a vapor condenses into a liquid?

A. It evolves heat
B. It generates heat
C. Its temperature increases
D. It boils with temperature less than 100C

43. In a cooling tower, the water s cooled mainly by:

A. Condensation
B. Convection
C. Evaporation
D. Conduction

44. How do you classify a body that has an emissivity factor of 0.7?
A. Gray body
B. Black body
C. White body
D. Theoretical body

45. At what particular condition that no more heat can be remove

from a substance and the temperature can no longer be lowered?
A. Freezing point
B. Absolute zero
C. Critical point
D. Ground zero

46. What do you call the effectiveness of a body as a thermal

radiator at a given temperature?
A. Absorptivity
B. Conductivity
C. Emissivity
D. Reflectivity

47. How much heat will flow in 24 hours through a plaster wall that is
0.5 in thick and 8 ftx14ft in area if the temperature is 80 oF on one
side and 40 oF on the other. Use k = 3.25 Btu-in/hr-ft 2-oF.
A. 4.99x105Btu
B. 6.99x105Btu
C. 5.99x105Btu
D. 7.99x105Btu

48. A cold storage compartment is 4.5 m long by 4m wide by 2.5 m high.

The four walls, ceiling and floor are covered to a thickness of 150 mm
 with insulating material which has a coefficient of thermal
conductivity of 5.8 x10-2 W/m.K. Calculate the quantity of heat leaking
through the insulation per hour when the outside and inside face
temperatures of the material is 15 oC and -5 oC respectively.
A. 2185.44 kJ
B. 3185.44 kJ
C. 1185.44 kJ
D. 4185.44 kJ

49. A hollow sphere has an outside radius of 1m and is made of

polystyrene foam with a thickness of 1cm. A heat source inside keeps
the inner surface 5.2oC hotter than the outside surface. How much power
is produced by the heat source? The thermal conductivity of polystyrene
foam is 0.033 W/m.oC.
A. 200 W
B. 300 W
C. 316 W
D. 216 W

50. The natural direction of heat flow between two reservoirs is

dependent on which of the following?
A. Their temperature difference
B. Their internal energy
C. Their pressures
D. Their states whether solid, liquid and gas

51. Non – isotropic conductivity is shown by which of the following?

A. Brass
B. Copper
C. Wood
D. Steel

52. Which of the following is the S.I. unit of thermal conductivity?

A. W/m-hr-K
B. W/mK
C. KJ/m-hr-C
D. W/m-hr-C

53. What is the value of the Prandt’l number for air?

A. 10
B. 6.7
C. 67
D. 0.7

54. A fur coat on an animal will help the animal to remain:

A. Warm in winter
B. Cool in winter
C. Warm in summer
D. Cool in summer

55. The nature of flow of a fluid inside a tube whether it is

turbulent or laminar, can be ascertained by
 A. Flow velocity
B. Surface conditions
C. Viscosity of fluid
D. Reynolds number

56. By which of the following modes of heat transfer is the Stefan-

Boltzmann law applicable?
A. Conduction
B. Radiation
C. Conduction and radiation combined
D. Convection and radiation combined

57. One of the reasons for insulating the pipes is:

A. They may not break under pressure
B. There is minimum corrosion
C. Capacity to withstand pressure is increased
D. Heat loss from the surface is minimized

58. Which of the following is generally used to measure the

temperature inside the furnace?
A. mercury thermometer
B. alcohol thermometer
C. ash thermometer
D. optical pyrometer

59. All heat transfer processes:

A. involve transfer energy
B. involve temperature difference between the bodies
C. obey first law of thermodynamics
D. obey second law of thermodynamics

60. What is thermal diffusivity?

A. a mathematical formula
B. a physical property of the material
C. a configuration for heat conduction
D. a dimensionless parameter

61. Which of the following is a unit of thermal diffusivity?

A. m2/hr
B. kcal/m2 hr
C. kcal/m2 hr C
D. m2/hr C

62. “The boiling point of a solution is a linear function of water

at the same pressure.” The above statement is called ______.
A. Dubring’s Rule
B. Petit and Dulong’s law
C. Fick’s Rule
D. Reynold’s Number

63. What do you call the first stage of crystal formation?

A. Nucleation
 B. Foaming
C. Separation
D. Vortexing

64. Dritus Boelter equation can be applied in case of fluid flowing

in:
A. Transition region
B. Turbulent region
C. Laminar region
D. Any of the above

65. In sugar mills can just is evaporated in:

A. Zigzag tube evaporators
B. Long vertical tube evaporators
C. Short vertical tube evaporators
D. Horizontal tube evaporators

66. A connection of LMTD is essential in case of:

A. Parallel flow heat exchanger
B. Courier current heat exchanger
C. Cross flow heat exchanger
D. None of the above

67. A 30 cm thick wall has an inside and outside surface temperatures

of 300 oC and 50 oC respectively. If the thermal conductivity of the
wall is 8 W/m-K. Calculate the heat transferred in kW/m 2.
A. 5.67
B. 7.67
C. 6.67
D. 8.67

68. Calculate the energy transfer rate across 6 in. wall of firebrick
with a temperature difference across the wall of 50 oC. Thermal
conductivity of the firebrick is 0.65 Btu/hr.ft. oF at the temperature
interest.
A. 285 W/m2
B. 112 W/m2
C. 329 W/m2
D. 369 W/m2*

69. Calculate the heat transfer per hour through a solid brick wall 6
m long, 2.9 m high, and 225 mm thick, when the outer surface is at 5
oC and the inner surface 17 oC, the coefficient of thermal conductivity

of the brick being 0.6 W/m.K.

A. 1,004.48 kJ
B. 2,400.48 Kj
C. 2,004.48 kJ
D. 3,400.48 kJ

70. What is the series of processes that eventually bring the system
back to its original condition?
A. Reversible process
 B. Irreversible process
C. Cycle
D. Isentropic process

71. A body that is hot compared to its surroundings illuminates more

energy than it receives, while its surrounding absorbs more energy
than they give. The heat is transferred from one to another by energy
wave motion. What is this mode of heat transfer?
A. Radiation
B. Conduction
C. Convection
D. Condensation

72. Why are metals good conductors of heat?

A. Because they contain free electrons
B. Because their atoms are relatively far apart
C. Because their atoms collide infrequently
D. Because they have reflecting surfaces

73. In natural convection a heated portion of a fluid moves because:

A. Its molecular motions become aligned
B. Of molecular collisions within it
C. Its density is less than that of surrounding fluid
D. Of currents in the surrounding fluid

74. In order to emit electromagnetic radiation, an object must be at

a temperature
A. Above 0K
B. Above 0C
C. Above that of its surroundings
D. High enough for it to glow

75. The rate at which an object radiates electromagnetic energy does

not depend on its
A. Surface area
B. Mass
C. Temperature
D. Ability to absorb radiation

76. A body whose emissivity is less than 1 is known as a real body.

What is the other term for real body?
A. Gray body
B. White body
C. Black body
D. Theoretical body

77. The thermal insulation of a woolen glove may be regarded as being

essentially a layer of quiescent air 3 cm thick, of conductivity 5.7
x10-6 kcal/m.s.oC. How much heat does a person lose per minute from his
hand of area 200 cm2 and skin temperature 35 oC on a winter dat at -5
oC?
 A. 6.12 Cal/min
B. 8.12 Cal/min
C. 7.12 Cal/min
D. 9.12 Cal/min

78. A glass window has an area of 1.6 m2 and a thickness of 4 mm. If

one side is at a temperature of 6.80 oC and the other is at -5 oC, how
much thermal energy flows through the window in a time of 24 hours?
The thermal conductivity of glass is 1.89 x10-4 kCal/m-s- oC.
A. 26,200 kCal
B. 77,100 kCal
C. 58,000 kCal
D. 40,700 kCal

79. Calculate the quantity of heat conducted per minute through a

duralumin circular disc 127 mm diameter and 19 mm thick when the
temperature drop across the thickness of the plate is 5 oC. Take the
coefficient of thermal conductivity of duralumin as 150 W/m.K.
A. 35 kJ
B. 30 kJ
C. 45 kJ
D. 40 kJ
80. The interior of an oven in maintained at a temperature of 1500 oF
by means of suitable control apparatus. The walls of the oven are 9
in. thick and constructed from a material having a thermal conductivity
of 0.18 Btu/hr-ft-oF. Calculate the heat loss for each square foot of
wall surface per hour. Assume that the inside and outside wall
temperatures are 1500 and 400 oF respectively.
A. 164 Btu/hr.ft2
B. 264 Btu/hr.ft2
C. 364 Btu/hr.ft2
D. 64 Btu/hr.ft2

81. What refers to an ideal body that absorbs all of the radiant
energy that intrudes on it and also emits the maximum possible energy
when acting as a source?
A. White body
B. Black body
C. Gray body
D. Red hot body

82. The thermal resistance for one-dimensional steady conduction

heat transfer through cylindrical wall in the radial direction is
expressed in which of the following functions?
A. Linear
B. Exponential
C. Logarithmic
D. Trigonometric

83. Which of the following is the equivalent heat transferred of a

gas undergoing isometric process?
A. Change in enthalpy
 B. Change in entropy
C. Change in internal energy
D. Work nonflow

84. What refers to the heat transfer wherein the heat is transferred
from one point to another by actual movement of substance?
A. Conduction
B. Radiation
C. Convection
D. Absorption

85. The ratio of the radiation of actual body to the radiation of a

black body is known as __________.
A. Emittance
B. Reflectance
C. Absorptance
D. Transmittance

86. Which of the following is the usual geometric view factor for a
black body?
A. Zero
B. Infinity
C. One
D. Indeterminate

87. What do you call a change of phase directly from vapor to solid
without passing through the liquid state?
A. Sublimation
B. Solidification
C. Vaporization
D. Deposition

88. At all wavelengths and temperature, the monochromatic emissivity

of a white body is equal to:
A. Zero
B. 0.5
C. Unity
D. 0.1to 0.5

89. The statement that the emissivity and absorptivity of a surface

is surrounded by its own temperature are
the same for both monochromatic and total radiation is called:
A. Lambert’s law
B. Kirchoff’s Law
C. D’ Alambart’s
D. Law of emissivity

90. A reservoir that supplies energy in the form of heat is called:

A. Source
B. Sink
C. Cold reservoir
D. Heat reservoir
91. In generator type heat exchanger, heat transfer occurs by;
A. Direct mixing of hot and cold fluids
B. A complete separation between hot and cold fluids
C. Flow of hot and cold fluids alternately over a surface
D. Generation of heat again and again

92. Least value of Prandt’l number can be expected in case of

______.
A. Liquid metals
B. Sugar solution
C. Salt solution
D. Water

93. A type of radiation consisting of singly changed particles that

generate to intermediate distances.
A. Nuclear radiation
B. Alpha radiation
C. Beta radiation
D. Gamma radiation

94. Convection is described by which of the following laws?

A. Newton’s Law
B. The logarithmic mean temperature difference
C. The Stefan-Boltzmann law
D. Fourier’s Law

95. Radiation heat transfer is described by

A. Newton’s Law
B. The logarithmic mean temperature difference
C. Fourier’s Law
D. Kirchoff’s Law

96. The equivalent of ratio of emissive power to absorptivity for

bodies in thermal equilibrium is described by:
A. Newton’s Law
B. The logarithmic mean temperature difference
C. Fourier’s Law
D. Kirchoff’s Law

97. The temperature potential between temperature at the two ends of

a heat exchanger are given by:
A. The logarithmic mean temperature difference
B. The Stefan-Boltzmann law
C. Fourier’s Law
D. Kirchoff’s Law

98. Which of the following is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant?

A. 5.77 x 10-7 W/m2K4
B. 7.67 x 10-9 W/m2K4
 C. 4.78 x 10-10 W/m2K4
D. 5.67 x 10-8 W/m2K4

99. What is the heat transfer in the glass surface area of 0.70 m 2
having an inside temperature of 25 oC and 13 oC outside temperature?
The thickness of the glass surface is 0.007 m. The thermal conductivity
is 1.8 W/m.K.
A. 4.16 kW
B. 3.16 Kw
C. 2.16 kW
D. 1.16 kW

100. What is the heat flow per hour through a brick and mortar wall 9
in. thick if the coefficient of thermal conductivity has been determined
as 0.40 Btu/ft-hr-oF and the wall is 10ft high by 6 ft wide, the
temperature on one side of the surface being 330 oF and on the other
130 oF.
A. 7400 Btu/hr
B. 5400 Btu/hr
C. 6400 Btu/hr
D. 8400 Btu/hr