i1

lr
t
I

TiTIBHUVAN TINIVERSITY
iffi;.--:-
I Lever j BE F;ii*trl9:J_o_::_l
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
,
Examination Control Division i Programme : BEX Marks : 32
, Pass
2074 Ashwin i_Vgll{t.lri iittt -
-ti*"- - ,-: r,i,.- I

fy!i"_"1!:;Advance-EJe-9!_ro,nics(EX60t)
'/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
'/ Attempt All questions.
'/ The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
./ Assume suitable data if necessdry.

1. What are the benefits of Widlar current source as compared to simple cument source?
Derive an expression for an output resistance of Widlar Current Source.
[3+5]
Shou ,Le c,Ti-c1 lI input olt'se n vol'.age in Op-A rp. i,:)\", ,lirl.r it be mrnir ized/t)r:irne
power supply rejection ratio of Op-Amp. 13+3+21
a
An amplifier using an op-amp with a slew rate SR: 1V/pr sec has a gain of 40 dB. peak
value of 100 mV, 20KHz sinusoidal wave is applied to the input of amplifier. Determine
whether the output will be distorted due to slew rate limiting of op-amp. If so, find
remedies. Ul
4. Derive the expression for output voltage in inverted R-2R ladder type Digital to Analog
convefter (DAC). What are the advantages of it?
[5+2]
5. A dual slope integrator with a clock frequency of lZKHZ,Vref : l00mv with 1000 clock
pulses set for T1. Find out the digital counter output if analog input equals 100mv. Find
the conversion time. lZ+Z+31
6. What are the features of Instrumentation Amplifier? Hence design a three op amp
Instrumentation Amplifier having gain 50.
12+51
7. Draw the detailed circuit diagram for four quadrant multiplier and derive its input and
output relationship.
t7l
8. For the circuit shown in figure below. Find the relationship between Ve and V;.
l4l

V.r

?
w
9' A half w'ave rectifier circuit employing as SCR is ad.justed to have a gate current of 1 mA.
The forward breakdown voltage of SCR is 100V for Ig : 1mA. If sinusoidal voltage of
200v peak is applied. Find
12+2+2+2)
i) Firing angle
ii) Conduction angle
iii) Average current, assume load resistance : 100O
iv) In this circuit if holding current IH :200 mA. Find average current in this case
10. Define chopper circuit. Explain the working principle of signal phase half bridge invefter,
with the necessary circuits and u.aveforms.
[2+5]
i1. The buck-boost regulator has input voltage Vs: 10V, duty cycle k :45o/o and switching
frequency of 25KHZ, the inductance L:0.1nH fiiter capacitance C:0.2nF and average
ioad cunent Ia: I200mA i)etr,, ir,,ne :
l2+2+:l
i) The average output voltage
ii) Peak to peak output ripple voltage
iii) Peak to peak output ripple current
12. Write shorl notes on: (any one) t3]
i) Differential amplifier with Active Load
ii) Generation of RMS output of sinusoidal wave using log antilog application
,r * ,,<
 25 TRIBHUVAN I]NIVERSITY Exam.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING it..-......-..-..
Level..-.-*... BE Full Marks 80

Examination Control Division Programme BEX Pass Marks JI

2074 Chaitra Year / Part m/I Time 3 hrs.

Sabiect: - Advanced Electronics (EX601)

/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
/ Attempt All qlestians.
'/ The figures in the margin indicate FulI Mark*
{ Assume suitoble data dnecessary.

1. What is a Current Mirror and its advantages? Find the output resistance of Widlar Current
Source. [3+s]
2. Explain Slew rate of an Op-Amp with necessary expressions. Prove that the Gain
Bandwidth Product of Op-Amp is Constant. [3+s]
3. Define inprit offset voltage, input oftset current and input bias current of a-n operational
amplifier. Find the input resistance closed loop op-amp circuit. [3+4]
4. Derive the expression for output voltage is non-invefied R-2R Ladder Type Digital to
Analog converter. t7l
5. Explain the working principle of dual slope analog to digital converter (ADC) with
necessary circuit diagram. Explain rvhl,its output is accurate. t7l
What are the features of Instrunentation Arnplifier? Derive the expression of output
voltage of 3 op-amp Instrumentation Amplifier. [2+s]
'1. For the circuit shown below. Find the relationship between V6 and V1. 17l

vo

8. Explain the two transistor analogy of SCR with necessmy mathematical expression. In
the TRIAC firing circuit the parameter are input voltage (Vs) : 230V,50H2, DIAC
breakdoum voltage is 25V, C = 0.6pF, R can be varied from 2000O to 20000C1. Find the
minimum and maximum firing angle. [3+5]

TRIAC
9. What are inverters? For the chopper shown below has a resistive load R = l0Cl, the inpuf
voltage is Vs : 220V, when the chopper remains on its voltagb drop Vch : 2V and the
chopping frequency is f : I kHz with duty cycle of 50%. Derive and determine
a) The averrrge output voltage
b) The RMS value of output voltage
c) The chopper efficiency 12+t+2+27
Chopper

10. What is the importance of Freervheeling Diode? Explain the principle of step up operation
in Chopper with necessary figures and cxpressions, [2+6]
11. Write short notes on: (Any two)
[3+3]
a) Curuent Steering Circuits
b) Generation of RMS outpui of Sinusoidai w,ave using log antilog application
c) Srvitching Regulators
***
 TR.IBHUVAN L}NIVERSITY Exam, ...I\leW
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80

Bxamination Control Division Frogrannme BEX PassMarks 32

--l_Q_13
sh-_11wgn" '{e*r lPart iiiT i Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Advance Electronics (EX60I)

,/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their orvn words as far as practicable"
/ Atternpt All questions.
,/ Tlte figures in the margin indicate Futt Msr*g-.
'/ Assume suitahle data iJ-necessary.

i. What are the essential conditicns for a current miror to work? Derive an expression for
an output resistance of Widlar Current Source. [2+"5]
2. Explain Slew Rate of an operational amplifier. An invertirrg configuration cp amp has
feedback resistor 41}kfi ancl output resistor 10k(). If input signal is 0.iSin(2U00001)V.
determine whether the output witri be distorted due to slew rate lirniting of op amp. If so
find remedy. The op-amp has sler.v rate of 0.5V/ps. [1+6]
3. Describe relationship of gain and bandwidth ot" afl op arnp and prove gain bandrvidth
product is constant. [-1-6]
4" Explain the operation of Bipolar DAC. Write disadvantages of Weigirted Resistor DAC. [5+2]
5. Explain the w'orking principle of dual slope analog to digital converter (ADC) r.r,ith circuit
diagram. Explain r,l'lty its output is accurate. l7l
6. What are the features of trnstr-Lrrnentation Amplifler? Hence design a three op amp
trnstrunentation Ainplifier having gain 20" f2+51
7. Explain the cperation of log amplifier using rnatched transistor. Explain how the effect of
tempcrature can be rninirnized in this circuit. U}
8. How f,our quadrants multiplier difiers frorn single quadrant muitiplier? Derive output
voltage of fbur quadrant rxultiplier w.ith necessary diagrams. ['11-71
9. Explain the working principle of Silicon Conl.rolled Rectifier (SCR) utilizing two
transistor models along with its VI cun e. i7]
10. F-or the copper shorl,rl in frgure belor.v has a resistive load R. =10f), the input voltage is
\ = 220V. rvhen the copper remains ON its voltage drop, \,.n = 2V anei the chopping
frequoncy is f : lkFIz with duty cycle of 507o. Determine: [2+2+2]
a) The avefiLge output voltage.
b) The RMS value of output voltage.
c) The chopper efficiency.
Ch*pper

Ii . Explain the operatiot of Buck regulator with necessar,v diagrarn and derivation. t7l
12. Explain (any one) t3l
i) Differential Amplifiers
 TR{I]T{UVAN UNIYERSIl'Y
iN STI'|LJT'L {iT I]Id {i INE]]RINLi i Level iBE
...i. -.-...-. ...' " ---- ..------
: BEX
Ilxanrinatiiin Control Division :l11ll
2073 Chaitra

,Sub.iert:

,/ own words as far as practicable'

Candidates are required to give their answers in their
{ Anem7t 4!!quesiions'
'/ fke fg"iiin the margin indicate FYlt Matk*
/ Assume suitable data if necessary'

Derive and express the output

L List out ihe basis requirernent of current miror circuits'
resistance of Widlar cunent source. Which one
is best current source and 12+4+1) why?
op amp has {'eedback resistor
2. Dehne slew rate of oP amp. An inverting configuratiron
determine whether
4?0 k() and input resistor ro rc:. If input signal is 0.isirr(2000000v,
the output will be distorted due to slerv rate limiting
of cp amp' if so find remedy' The op
amp has slew rate of 0.5 V/Ps' [1+6]
of an operational amplifier? How
3. What is input offset votrtage, and input offset currents
in operational ampiifier? [2+5]
the effect of input bias curients can be ccmpensated
weighted resister' Ilxpress
4. List out the advantages af bipolar D1A converter over Binary
when input is 0000' 1000
output voltage of b'ipoiar DiA converter. what lrappens
[2+4+t]
and liil?
5. Expiain the working principie of dual slope analog to digital converter (ADC) with
t7l
,r""*r*ury circuit cliagrarn. Explain why its output is accurate'
diagram for a optically
6, Write dr:wn the applicaticn of isolaticn amptrifier. Drar'v a circuit
12+21
coupled isolation arnPlifier.
amplifier circuit shown in
7. Calcuiate the ouiput voltage for the 2 op-amp Instrumeniation
t4l
figure below.
RRz

\I
I
i
t

**

Derive transfer function of antilog amplifier using match

transistor' tsl
B.
g.Whylogantilr:gamplifiercircuitsarerequirecl?Drawthecircuitdiagram of antilog
L2+4)
inuitiplier and exPiain it.
utilizing two transistar
i0. Explain the working principle of silicon controlied Rectifier,
t7l
model with its Vl curve-
 -

:
11. What are inverters? For the chopper shown in frgure helow has a resistive load R l0 fJ,
the input voitage is vr: 22ay, rvhen the copper rernains on its voitage drop v.r, = 2v
and t he chopping frequenc5, is f :
1 kHz with duty cycle of 5C%. Determine: [21-l+Z+Zf
i) fhe average output voitage
ii) The RMS value of output voltage
iii) The copper efficiency

Chopper

l2.Explain the working principle of Boost reguiar with necessary circuit, r.vaveforms and
exprcssions.
t71
13. Write short notes on: (any one)
lsl
;) Current Steering Circuits
ii) Generation of RMS output of Sinusoidal wave using log antilag application
. 35 TRIBHUVANUNIVERSITY Exam.
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marft+; 80

Marks
Exarnination Control Division Prograrnme BEX Pass 32

2872Karh.Ix Year / Part IIIiI Time 3 hrs.

- Advance<l El ectronics (F-X6A 1.)

Candidates are required to give their answers in their oi.rn words as far as pralticable.
Atternpt,.{l qwes tians.
X'he Jigtres in the m*rgin irulicate Full futgrks"
Assurne surtahle data if necessary.

1. $lhy outpgt current of sirnpie minor circui* is not exac'rly equai to reference current?
Dcnve the output resistance of u'iillar clirrent source? [2+s]

2. Prgve that Gain Bandwicith Product of operationSl arnpiifier is constant' I4l

3. I)rarv a circuit diagram of invening cp-amp and derive the erpression of input
impcdance. t5l
4. Show that the input Lrias currents affeet the output voltage of op-amp with necessary
diagram. Also, rliscuss about tlie ways to mitigate the problern. f5]
5. Fr:r lhe ADC sliows below, ttre full scale output yslltage O rs) : 12.C0V" The clock PRF is
iOKiIz. f)etermine: I2+2+31

i) Maxirnurn and minimum conversion time

ii) Resolution
iii) The output count and the conversion tirne for \rin = 4'25V

START

B)

MSB)

Vin i

6, Why ciirrent mode R-2R iaclder t.vpe DAC is preferred over voltage mode R-2R. ladder
tlpe DAC? Find expression for output v<-rltage of Bipota: DAC and justify its narne. I2+5]
7. What is an instrurnenlation amplifier? lVhat are im characteristics? Derive the necessarl'
relation to find tho input irnpedance and output voltage in ease of singie op-amp
instnunentation amplifier wit mismatched resistance. [l+1+5]
8. Draw the circuit diagrarn of a ba-sic logarithmic amplifier and explain it. t4]
9. Construct and explain the inultiplier circuit using log and antilog amplifier and hence use
the muitiplier to realizethe divider circuit. t7i
10. Descritie two transistor models of SCR and illustrate its characteristic ctrve. [3+3]
 Input Yoltage tor
in half-wave coniroiled rectifier rs fired al the angle ci 30"'
1i. a scR i:sed average ioad roita:e'
the loaJresistance is i00Q' Find
ihe rectifier is 50 siu(2n50i) and i8l
voltage, *iiilto'y'u"d ripple rutt*
io' the rectifier'
nns load . i--
outpul \'oilage is
aYemge
voitage vs '.. 12v, ttre required
i2. For the Buck reguiator if input ,ppi. 'rolrug*..t: mv, switching frequencl'
,.0
6v at R.= 450 ohm and peak to peak oo$; iniuctor is 0'8A, {ind: [2-]-il
is 20 Kliz and peak to peak
rippie curreni of

i) Dutv cl cle
ii) Filter caPacil'ance C
iii) Filrer irrductance X'

[3+3]
13. Write short notes an:

r) Working PrinciPle of TRIAC

ii) Define the terms CMRR' IrMRR and Siew ltate
*{(*
 iRTBHUVAIi uNrvERSirY l,xarn.
i}iSTiTUT'E OF ENGINEERTNG Level
Examinatiom Control flivision Frograrnrne BEX Fass Mar!*s
2*72 Chxiira lil / I

candidates-are required to give their answers in

tireir onn.,vords as fbr as practicable.
Attempt At!questions.
The figures in the nnargin indic*te *---*-- Fult Marks.
A s s urnesuitah I e drst a if ne c e s s ory.

l ' show that the voltage gain of the differential Amplifier

with active Lvr to that
withpassive ioad. 'v ioad
rv!'lu 1r
is rr.vice
t?]
2' In a closed-loop inverting configuration of an op-amp, the
input resistance and the
feedback resistance are I Kf) and 33 K() respectir.ty.
(i) Determine the ,ralue of v, for
n an undistorted output if an input to the curreni
is V,, : V' sin(2nft), wliere f : 1 kgz and
slew rate = 0'6 v/ps. lii; lf the value cf vo
is ussumed
'--- -:u to
r() be -r v state tw
oe 5v, two possible
remedies in the circuit to have an undistor-ted 6utpu1. '
[3+3+1j
3' lvhat do you understand by input bias and input offset
currents of op-amp? what are the
bias curents on output voitage? How do you reduie
;iXH:"'*!- the etrect of inpur
12+2+31
4. A counr up rype ADC of 4 bit has full scale vcltage (Vr.s) : 16.00V. The minimum
conversion tirne is 0. irns. Determine:
[2+3+3]
a) PRF ofclock used
b) Resolution
c) The Digitai output and the conversion tirne for vin:6.25v
5' Derive the expression for output *]lt1g". in Bipolar
type Digital to Analog converter
Draw the transfer fo, digiial i,put'uro *Liog output for 3 trit #ipolar
f$? "u."e type

6' List out the ideal characteristics of Inskumentation

Anrplifier. Explain the operation of
L7)

optically coupled isolation amplifi er.

[2+s]
7 ' Draw the circuit diagrarn for matched transistor
antilog amplifier ald hence derive the
u-' input and output voltage relationship. Expiain
h; ;fi" effect of ternperature can ire
minimized"
17l
8. Construct a circuit that generates square root
af an input voltage and derive its input_
output relationship. Draw a circuit that produses the output voliage
V. =J(V,.Vr), +(%.Vo),
[3+4]
9' Is it possibie to get va11ble output voltage in inverter?
Haw? Derive expression for
average output voltage of SCR fi.rll wave rectifier.
[2+s]
10' Derive expression for average output voltage, peak to peak ripple
Buck-Boost regulaior with necessaiy figure
current of inductor of
and wave fortns.
t7l
11. In the Triac firing circuit, input voltage is 230 V, 50 I{2, Diac breakdawn voltage is 20 V,
capacitance C = 0.5 prF, R can be varied from 5 KO ta i5 K{). Find the minimum and
maximum firing angle of Traic.

A*
ECUrg6

i2. Explain (Any one) rJ I

a) DifferentialAmpiifiers
b) Frocess of R[,{S detection of Sine wave using iog antilog applications,
***
 54, Q,./ 6t/ 7 ='-,,
36 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exanr. 'Ncw Back (206(t & Lnttr ltttch)
INSTITUTE OF E,NGINEERiNG Level BE Full Marks 80
Examination Coritrtit Division Programme BEX Pass Marks 32
2071 Shawan Year / Part III/I Tirne 3 hrs.

f ylis:!, - Advanced Electronics (EX60l)

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions.
The figures in the margin indicate Full Msrks
Assume suitable data if necessary.

l. What are the benefits of widlar current sources as compared to a simple current mirror?
Derive an Expression for an output resistance of widlar current source. t2+51
2. Define input offset voltage. For a given op-amp, prove that gain-bandwidth-product
(GBP) is constant. [2+5]
3. ln a closed-loop inverting configuration of an op-amp, the input resistance and the
feedback resistance are lKf) and 33K0 respectively. (i) Determiile the value of Vp for an
undistorted output if an input to the current is Vin : Vp sin(2tft), where f = 1 kHz and
slew rate : 0.6 V/ps. (ii) If the value of Vp is assumed to be 5V, State two possible
remedies in the circuit to have an undistorted output. [3+3+1]
4. Draw and explain the c.ircuit diagram of flash rype ADC. What are the demerits of flash
type ADC over other ADC's? [3+3+1]
5. Explain the operation of Bipolar DAC. Write disadvantages of Weighted Resistor DAC. [5+2]
6. Determine the condition required to reject common mode signal in a single op-amp
instrumentation amplifier with mismatched resistor. List out the applications of isolation
amplifiers. [5+2]
7. Draw the circuit for the logarithmic amplifier using matched transistor and find its
transfer function. lsl
8. Construct a circuit that generates square root of an input voltage and derive its input-
output relationship. Draw a circuit that produces the output voltage
vo: (V,.Vr)2 +(Vj.%)2 [3+4]
D 9. Explain the tw0 transistor analogy of SCR with necessary mathematical expression. For
the hallwave controlled reitifier with a load R:50f), input voltage is a i20v-rns ac
voltage. Assume that the drop across the SCR is 1.5v when it is conducting. G) What
should be the frring angle if it is desired to deliver an average current of lA to'the load?
(b) What is the average power delivered to the load under the condition of (a)? 14+z+21
10. Explain the working of a step-down chopper with RL load with necessary derivations
and Diagram. t6l
1L A boost regulator has an input voltage of Vs : 5V. The average output voltage Vu: l5V
and average load current Iu = 0.5 A. The switching frequency is 25 KHz. If L: 150 pH
and C :220 pF. Determine (i) Duty cycle (ii) The peak current of inductor 12 (iii) Ripple
voltage of filter capacitor AV" and (iv) Critical value of L and C. [1+2+2+27
12. Show that the differential amplifier with active load has higher voltage gain than with
passive load. t5l
 35 TRIBHWAN I.JMVERSITY Exarn.
INST1TUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80

Examination Control Division Programme BEX Pass Marks 32

2071'Chaitra :': 1
Year i Part ilI /I Time 3 hrS.

Subject: - Advanced Electronics (EX60r)

r' Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
/ Attempt All questions.
'/ The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
/ Assume suitable data if necessary.

l. What are the basic requirement for current minor circuit? Why output current of simple
current mirror circuit not being exactly equal to the input reference current? Determine the
emitter resistance, Re for wilder current source which supplies i0 pA from a reference of
current of I mA. L2+2+31
2. The op amp in the given figure has slew rate of 0.5 V/pS. The input signals are as follows:
[4+3]

Vr = .0l,sin l06t Vi^

V2: -05 sin (350 x 103)t
V:= .l sin (200 x I03)t
Va: .l sin (50 x I 03)t
:-
Determine whether the output will get distorted due to slew rate limitation? Find the new
value offeedback resistor such that none ofthe signal gets distorted.
3. Discuss noise in operational amplifier circuits with necessary diagram and suggest the
measures to be taken to minimize the interval noise. Vl
4.
lraw a circuit diagram for 5 bit R-2R (voltage type) DAC. If the reference voltage for the
DAC is lV, the binary input is l0l10, find the outputvoltage.
t4+ZT
5. Draw.the block diagram_of Dual-slope typeADC and explain about its working principle
withnecessarydiagram.ExpIainbrieflyaboutintegrallineaiityoftheDAC.
6. what are the advantages-9f op-amp (Isolation Amplifier). IA over l-op
] of Isolation
IA? List out the application
amp and 2 op-amp
amplifier. Explain the bloik diagram of
electromagnetically coupled isolation amplifier. [Z+Z+3J
 '': '

7. Find the relationship of inpul and output voltage in the fol-lowing

figure. i4l

"4

V3

8. Why log-Antilog circuits are required? Drarv the circuit diagram of analog multiplier and

explain it. [1+6]

g. with necessary
Mention the drarvback cf DIAC? Dcscribe the operaring principle of TRIAC
diagrams and explain why it is called four quadrant operation? [2+5]

10. what are choppers? Explain the vl,orking principle of single

phase, full bridge inverter with
necessary diagrams and waveforms. [2+5]

il.What is an inverter? Explain the Buck switching regulator with required necessarl'diagram
and waveforms. [2+5]

12. Write short notes on: [3+3]

a) Application of Log and Antilog Amplifier

b) SMPS

1
 ]'ltlBi lii VAN l.lN IVI;l{Sl IY Exam. New Back QO66 & LaterBatch)
INSTITU]'E O}T ENGIN]]EItING Level BE Full Marks 80
Examination Control Diviskrtr Programme BEX Pass Marks )L

2070 Ashad Yezr lPzrt III / I Time 3 hrs.

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as lar as practrcable.
A It em p t Al[ que sti or.ts.
'l'hcJigure.s in the margin indicate Full Marks.
ls:;unte suitable data if necessary.
'1

I. What is the principle of biasing the circuit in IC design? Write the advantages of Widlar
current source. Derive the differential mode voltage gain for BJT differential amplifier. 12+1+4)
2. For the inverting amplifier shown in figure beloW, Rr : 100 KO and Ri: i0 Mf2.
Calculate: 12+2+1+2]
.
i) Maximum output offset voltage caused by the input bias current Is
ii) Maximum output offset voltage caused by the input offset voltage, V;or.
iii) The value of compensation resistor Rcomp needed to eiiminate the effect of input bias
current
iv) The maximum output offset voltage even if the R*o*, is connected in the circuit.

The op-Amp used

is 741.with Vio, : 6mv, :,:
Is: 500nA and
Iu,:200 nA
=-,
f
lJxplain gain-bandwidth product of a practical opamp. Determine the output resistance of
).
an amplifier that uses a practical opamp. [2+5]
4. Design a 4 bit voltage mode R-2R ladder type digital to analog converter and derive the
expression for its analog output. Also differentiatc betu,een unipoiar and bipolar DACs. 15 r2l
5. of sigma delta ADC. In an S-bit Dual Slope ADC, R : 20 KO and
State the appiication
C:0.001 pF. An analog input signal of -0.25V is integrated for t1 : 160 ps. What is the
maximum voltage reached in the integration? If the counter is clocked at 3.125 MHz r,,,hat
is the digital output after the conversion? l2+5)
6. For the circuit shown in figure belor.v, the output voltage can be expressed as
Ve: alvi*a2v2*33v3. Now: (i) Find the vaiue of a1. a2 and a3. Also find the value of v6 if
(ii) & is short circuifed and (iii) fu is removed.
 Ft
l'I"!

7 . Find the expression for Vs in terms of V;n an<l VB for the circuit given beiorv. Transistors

rr:ja.:.r-.-ll;:

. .t-
8. How a multifunction converter can be constructed using log and antilog amplifiers?
Explain with circuit realization. 17l

9. In the light dimmer circuit shown in figure below, find the minimum and maximum
possible conduction angles. Draw the voltage waveform across the load for both cases.
Also compute the average power delivered to the load at maximum conduction angle. 13+2+2)
Rr = 15O

TRIAC

Variable resistor R can be varied from 2 KQ to 20 KO and break over voltage for diac is
12Y.
10. Expiain the operation of single phase full bricige inverter with necessary figures. What
are ttier:lmethods of controlling output power in dc- to- dc conversion? t5+21 e
I 1. Derive the relation of average output voltage with input voltage in boost reguiator with
necessary circuit diagram and wave forms. Briefly explain about switch mode power
supply with block diagram. [4+3]
12. Write short notes on: 13x2l
a) Instrumentation Ampiifier
b) Noise in opamp circuit
*+*
 -

35 TzuBI{UVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Exannination Control Division
2070 Chaitra

Subject: - Advanced Electronics (EX6C|)

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions.
Thefigures in the margin indicate Fyll Marks.
Assume suitable data if necessary.

1. \\4rat are the essential condition for a current mirror circuit to work? Derive an expression
for an output resistance of widlar current source. L2+51
2. Define slew Rate of an operational amplifier. The inverting op-amp with Rf : 330 Kf)
and Rl : l0 Kf) has a slew rate of 0.5 vlprs with input signal equal to 0.1sin (2000000.
Determine rvhether the output will be distorted due to sleu, rate limitation, if so find
remedy. [2+5]
3. What is input offset voltage and input offset current of an operational amplifier? Find the
output resistance of closed loop op-amp. [2+5)
4. What are the advantages of R-2R type DAC? Derive the expression for output voltage in
inverted R-2R type DAC. 12+51 Z;

5. Explain the working principle of a dual slope ADC and prove that its outplt is
independent of RC time constant.Justi$ that the converter is inherently noise immune. [4+3]
6. Explain the operation of Electromagnetic Coupled Isolation amplifier. Certain
Instrumentation amplifier has a gain of 40dB and CMRR of 90d8. It is used in a noisy
environment in which the signal has a level of 35 mV and common mode rtoise level of
150 mV. Determine common mode gain, signal output and noise output. [4+3]
l. Derive the transfer function for Log amplifier using matched transistor. tsl
8. What do you understand by four-quadrant multiplier? Draw the circuit diagraru and
derive expression for its output voltage. [2+5J
9. Can two complementary BJTs be used to make SCR? Explain about turning OFF of SCR. 12+51
10. Classiff chopper on the basis of power flow, Explain the principle of step-up converter
with resistive load. [2+5]
I L A buck regulator has an input voltage of Vs : 14v the required output voltage is Va : 6v
at R : 5004 and peak to peak output voltage ripple is 15mv the switching frequency is
limited to 2}YJIZ. If the peak to peak ripple current of the inductor is limited to 0.7A
determine: (a) the duty cycle (b) Filter inductance L (c) Filter capacitance C and
(d) critical values of L and C. U+2+2+2)
12. Discuss an ac analysis of differential amplifier with necessary diagrams ard mathematical
expressions. t5]
*++
 36
ffi
TR]BHUVAN L,\TVERS]T1'
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERNG
Exam. t:.:..
I

Level BE Full Marks 80

Examination Control Division. i P.og.r*-. BEX Pass Marks 32
I
2069 Ashad Year lPart ilI /I Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Advanced Electro4ics (EX 6At)

Candidates are required to give tleir dnswers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions.

As$ume suitable data if necessary. : .,

I ' Draw a current mirror circuit and determine the expression lor output current. Explain the
effect o[finite p and finite output resistance on output currenr of a cunent mirror circuit.It+Z+Z+Z1
2. Draw the waveform- of output voltage of woltage fgllower operational ampiifier having
. squffe wave,as input signal with peak-to-peak voltage of 2V and frequencies (i) l00H;
and (E lO0KHz.. Aszumc thal opamp has slew rale o[ O.5Viprs. LaUel the *aueforn1
i
.
il
neafly iilustrating rir4lag and amplitude details. .
i:
t) [3.5+3.5] ''l
I

!, 3.' 'What are input offset voltage and input offset currents of an operational amplifier? How
i: {
l
can we reducc the cffec1 of inpui bias currenrs in operarional amplifier? I
l
ti [2"5)
l' 4.'4Determinetheoulpulvoltagcscausedbyeachbitina4bitvoitagemodeR-2RIadderif
F-
lj
i1
the input levels ate'0':0V ard,l,:+l2V- Determine the rbsolution and frrll_scale ourput
I
I.
of this Iadder circuit and also find out thc voltage from the above ladtier for adigital input
I
I
ofl0ll. yZ+Z+l+21
I

lr 5. Compare performance ol successive approxirnation and flash type A,/D conveners in

l
I terms of resolution, conversion time and cost.
t7]
D 6. What are the features of instrumentation
rnstrumentation amplifier having'gairir 20.
amplifier? Design a three oParnp
'
,?
[2+5]
Obtain the output voltage relationship of an antilog amplifier using two matched
transistor and two dp-amps.
t6l
/ \c
& Design a circuit that produces output voltage u,
= [] i v, uring Log and Antilos
\vrl
arnplifiers, where a > I and V*, vv and v. are analog input voltages.[Hint: /n(xa): a In x] I7l
9- Explain the working principle of rhyristor along with IV curve. ' I t7l
l0' For the chopper shown below with a resistive load R=10e, tie input volragg is vr:220v,
when the chopper remains on its voltage drop V"5=fy and tho choppin! frequency is .
f :lkHz with duty cycle of 50%. Determine:
[2+2+37
a) The average output voltage
.b) The RMS value of output voltage
c) The chopper efficiency

\-
/J- -,

n
Chopper
4:

l
i.
,1

t:,
ii
r'j

.,1
ii
rJ

I ,I l. Describe the working of Buck regulator with necessary circuits and derivations,. [3+4]
ii,
i
12. Why active.load is preferred than passivc load? What is the advantage of using Widlar
i;'
{ cullgnt sourie. in biasing cirguits for lC design? [2+Z]
,I

;
(

I
I
i
TRIB TIUVAN tJN IV EI{SITY

Bl]
i rtir*.
: l,evel
INSTITUTEOF ENGINEERING Full Mal-ks
,,, :, 8Cf
Examination Control f)ivision i Programme : BEX ,
Marks ; 32
Pass
2069 Chaitra i v9ul, lPayt IJI / t Time i j hii

Subject. - Adv'anced Illectrortcs (l:.X6at1

Candidates are required to give their ansr,r,ers in their ovvn rvords as far as practicable.
A t Il qtte s t i r: n.s.
temp t A
Thefigures in the margin indicate Full Marks
Assume s,uitable datct if necessarv.

1. What are the reasons for the output curent of a sirnple currcnt mirror not being exactly
equal to the reference current? Show that the voitage gain of a diflerential amplifier with
active load is doubled compared to that w,ith passive load (R6).
[2+5]
2. Show the effect of input bias current in op-amp circuit . Derive the expression for closed
loop output impedance of inverting op-amp configuration.
D [413]
3. The inverting opamp configuration has a feedback resistance of 470 Kf) and an input
resistance of 10 KO. If the input signal is 0.1 sin (2000001), determine whether the output
rvill be distorted due to slew rate limitation of opamp. If so. find a remedy. The opamp
has a slew rate ol0.5V/ps.
4. Drau, circuit for 4-bit inverted R-2R laddcr netrvork t1,pc DAC. Find expression for
output voltage and explain r,vhy an inverted R.2R ladder DAC is better than It -2R ladder
DAC
12+4+11
5. Explain the rvorking principle of dual slope inteurating ti,'pe ADC with necessary
diagrams. Why is the output of quad slope ADC rnore accurate than that of dual slope
ADC?
ls+2)
6. List out the practical characteristics of instrumentation amplif-ier. What are the advantages
of 3 op-amp instrumentation amplifier over one op-amp and tw,o op-amp instrumentation
amplifiers? Explain the operation o1 optically coupled isolalion amplifier.
[2+2+3)
7 - For the circuit shor,vn in figure belou,,, find the expression for the output voltage (Vo).
i4l
 t.:t
i,':r
:,-

8. How can you find the I{MS value of a sinusoidal signal using log and antilog amplifiers?
Explain with necessary de rivations and circuit diagrams. 11)

9.. Describe the operation of thyistor using two transistor models and illustrate its
charactei'istic cuire lor diff-ering gate current values. [4+3 ]
10. What are choppers? Explain the working principle of single phase, full bridge inverter
with necessary circuits and waveforms. [2+s]
1 1. TheBuck-Boost regulator has input voltage Vs : I 5V, duty cycle K : 40% and switching
frequency of 20 KHz. The inductance L = 120 prH, fiiter capacitance, C : 200 pF and
average load current Ia : 1.25 A. Determine (i) the average output voltage (ii) peak to
peak output ripple voltage and (iii) peak to peak output ripple current. 12+ 2+31 c
12. What is the advantage of BJT log ampiifier over diode log amplifier? List out the
applications of log-antiiog amplifier. Lr+2)
13. Explain the principle of biasing circuit in IC design. t3l
**+
 //

J5 TRIBHWAN T,NIVERSI[Y

#ffi
TNSNruTE.OF ENGINEERING
E.,*i"ili'ffi ffi;:ifii:,,
2068 Chaitra "
-.-'-
___
n_.
t
{
**ryl, 4!! questions.
nefi'sGi"ii"
ffi,
Szfrr"r, _ aavanc"att"-&roni

i)s," indicate ut' lyrarks.

;;
o"* ii""'""rrri-afutr
tt
Assuttte suitable

1. What are the essential

conditions for a crrrrcnt ai*^- ,^
an ouQut resistance mirror to work? Derive
_

of widlar cu.."r,tffit an expression for

{2+sl
I

,? i"fffi:.fY,ff.;":i H;fl"fi*',LTt1i1". An ampiine. h,.

.u
bandwidth of 20Kr7z
obtain undistortei
3.
sine wave ;;;;;IffiIII:]$r;X'ut signal tr'ut
"un
t. Jipti"a to
Exprain the effect
inpur. ,'."'*"'
of positive
op-amp ",, ..__*,.:,_"
*o ,rr*"'rr'l:,H:J:fl1J"",rT:l* bias current on dutpur
vortage or
[2+s]
an
4' the_expression for
3::*
converter (DAC). what
output voltae
tn
tnverted R-2R ladder
tlpe Digital
t7l
th. uar*tu-I" of R-2R tlpe
are
DAC? o *r to I
!v IAnalog
5.
!,I{r," the operation principre
diagram. PrIrrullrle or.oun*"t
ot count up/dorm and tracking
rype ADC with necessary
[s+2]

6 t7l
#i,'TilY,t":;$.':ilH::'J:l?:L::,rhree op-amp i,srrumentation
ampriner Arso,
7 ' Find expression of
output voltage for tL ctrcuit [5+2]
matched- transisiors;. "-' '^re shorvn in figure berow.
(er and e2 are
{41

vr

-T vo

_l_
a :
 8' Design a circuit that produces output voitage q 'v )"
=I
uv t' I| .V. using Log and Antilog
I
pn]jfi9rs, where cr>l and v,,, v, and v, are analog input voltages. (Hint: In(x"; = u
ln(x))
-l7f''' "'
g' The gate culrent in a SCR half wave rectifier is adjusted to I 25mA and the forward
'

break-down voltage of SCR corresponding to this gate current

is ll0V. The applied
voltage,,is 220Y,the load resistance is l50Q and
holding current is zero. Deterrnine:
[2+l+Z+Z]
a) Firing angle
b) Conduction angle
c) Average output voltage
d) Average curent
10' classify chopper. Explain principle of step-down
chopper with RL load.
[2+s)
11' ExpliLin the working principle of Boost Regulator
with necessary circuit and expressions.
t71
12 Write short notes on:
[3+3]
a) Differential Amplifier
b) Applications of log-antilog amplifier.

'i
I

i I
l
-l
J