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CIT213 -ELEMENTARY DATA PROCESSING

CONCISE EXAM & COURSE SUMMARY
(CE&CS)
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The word refers to raw facts about and object.

Data
Computers are used to process data because of their speed, reliability and
other functionalities they offer

Data processing (DP) is any computer automated process that converts raw
facts i.e data into output
i.e useful information
Electronic
A is a device which given a set of instructions or data can be used to
perform given task or tasks
computer
a computer can be referred to as a , device that accepts data, raw
facts and figures, and processes, or manipulates, it into useful
information
programmable, multi-user
The first computers used for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory
vacuum tubes
examples of first generation computer are UNIVAC and ENIAC
In generation of computers, transistors were used in placed of vacuum
tubes
Second generation
generation of computer relied on punched cards for input and printouts for
output.
Second generation
generation of computers supported the use of assembly, languages
Second generation
generation computers used integrated circuits
Third
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generation uses semiconductors, which drastically increased the

speed and efficiency of the computers
third
generation computers use microprocessor chips, which are large-scale
integrated circuits
containing thousands of transistors
Fourth
generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in
Development
Fifth
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computers refers to non-digital (non-computer-based), continuous

variable forms of data transmission, including voice and video.
Analog
examples of analog devices are a thermometer, a speedometer, a clock , and a
pressure sensor
The term describes any system based on discontinues data or events
Digital
A is a device which can measure continuous fluctuation
pressure sensor
a means having two components, alternatives, or outcomes
Binary
A is the largest and relatively most powerful computer, a powerhouse with
large storage and very rapid processing power and speed.
Mainframe
Microcomputers are sometimes referred to as PCs).
personal computers
A is so much like a PC except that it is more powerful and has more
capabilities for handling mathematical and graphics-processing than a
PC
workstation
Workstations are used mainly in handling computing (number crunching
and algorithmic) applications such as in science, engineering, and design
work that requires powerful graphics or computational capabilities

A is highly sophisticated and powerful machine that is used for tasks

requiring rapid and complex calculations with hundreds of thousands of
variable factors.
Supercomputer
The computer processes data by performing the following five main operations
which are
1) Input
2) processing
3) Output
4) Storage
5) Communication

An device is hardware such as a keyboard that allows data from the

external environment to be entered into the computer for processing
Input
An device is used to communicate data and instructions or programs to the
Computer
Input
The is the brain of the computer and it is the place where data is
manipulated within the computer system.
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CPU
The of the processor coordinates all activities of the computer system
control unit
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The computer can perform only two types of operations: arithmetic operations
and
Logical
operations include addition, subtraction,multiplication, division and
exponentiation
Arithmetic
RAM is an acronym for
Random Access Memory
is used for short-term storage of data or program instructions
RAM
ROM is an acronym for
Read Only Memory
is a nonvolatile type of memory
Read Only Memory
There variations of ROM chips
are
three
PROM stands for
programmable read-only memory
are blank chips on which the buyer, using special equipment, writes the
programs.
programmable read-only memory
EPROM stands for electronically read-only memory
Erasable
are like PROM chips except that the contents can be erased, using
special equipment and new materials can be written
EPROM
EPROM chips are used for device control, such as in robots, where the program
ma y have to be modified on regular basis.
Intelligent
EEPROM is an acronym for erasable programmable read-only-memory.
Electronically
The term is a short form of binary digit.
Bit
A is the smallest possible unit of data
Bit
A group of eight bits is called a
Byte
A kilobyte represents approximately bytes
1024
A is used to refer to about 1 million bytes of data.
Megabyte
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A used to refer to about 1 billion bytes of data.

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Gigabyte
A is used to refer to about 1 trillion bytes, or 1000 gigabytes of data
Terabyte
is used to refer to about 1 million gigabyte data
Petabyte
Software consists of a group of related programs written in a specific code called

programming language
is software designed to allow the computer to manage its own
resources and run the hardware and basic operations
system software
An is the most important software for a computer
operating system
Some of the tasks performed by the operating system are:
• It controls various input and output devices and coordinates input and
output operations
• It Manages the systems resources such as available memory space in
the primary and secondary storage devices
• It allocate memory and processor time to programs
• It validates users and ensure that the resources a user is requesting is
made Available

is software which translates a computer program written in a high-level

programming language, or assembly language to a machine understandable
form
language translator
are programs which are often required by man y application programs
Utilities
software includes programs that are developed using systems software in
order to achieve some tasks
Application
Software for Data Processing
includes; Word processing
software Spreadsheet
Software
Database
Software
Presentation
graphics

graphics enable users to create highly stylized graphics for slide show and
report.
Presentation
A management system (DBMS) is a collection of programs that allows
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you to store modify and extract information from a database

database
A is a collection of interrelated files in a computer system.
Database
Electronic application allows users to enter data in rows and column,
calculate means perform statistical analyses, create tables and produce other
financial schedules.
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Spreadsheets
processing software allows you to use computers to create, edit, sore and
print documents
Word
is used for entering text and numeric values into the computer
Keyboard
devices control the position of the cursor or pointer on the screen.
Pointing device
A is an input device that is popularly used with microcomputers
Mouse
is a variant of the mouse. It can be moved on top a stationary device that is
rotated with the fingers or palm of the hand
Trackball
Trackball are commonly used with hand held devices.
Touch pads allow a user to control the cursor/point on the computer display
screen with his fingers
A is a pointing device that consists of a vertical handle like a gearshift
lever mounted on a base with one or two buttons
joystick
Pen-based computer devices use a pen-like stylus to capture a user s
handwriting and marks into a computer.

is a light-sensitive stylus, pen-like device that can be connected by a wire

to the computer system
lightpen
A is a pen-like device with which a user sketches an image
Stylus
A digitizing tablet consists of a tablet linked by a wire to a or puck
Stylus
A is a copying device with which the user copies, or traces, an image
Puck
mark recognition (OMR) uses a device that reads pencil marks and
converts them into computer- understandable form
Optical
Optical recognition (OCR) devices are used to translate designed marks
character, and code into digital form for processing by the system
character
MICR stands for Character Recognition
Magnetic ink
A also referred to as facsimile transmission machine has facilities that
scan an image on paper into electrical signal, transmit same over telephone
lines and re-creates the image to a receiving fax machine on paper.
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fax machine
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are devices that collect data directly from the environment for input into a
computer system.
Sensors
devices convert spoken words into computer understandable digital form for
Processing
Voice input
The physical component or materials which data is stored are called
storage media
storage media are called
storage devices
An is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to
communicate the results of data processing carried out by a computer to
the outside world
output device
Printer is a device that prints text or illustration on paper and in many cases on
transparencies and other media

Dot-Matrix Printer operates by striking pins against an ink ribbon to

create the required characters A type of printer is able to print an entire

line at one time with as much speed as 3,000

lines per minute.
Line printer
type of printer produce images by pushing electrically heated pins
against special heat-sensitive paper
Thermal Printers
A printer work by spraying ionized ink at a sheet of paper
Inkjet
Laser printer utilizes a laser beam to produce an image on a drum
A is mainly used for engineering applications uses pen to draw picture or
lines on paper based on commands from a computer
Plotter
A voice output device such as a converts digital output data back into
intelligible Speech
Speaker
Microfilm and were used to store large quantities of output as microscopic
filmed document, but they are now being replaced by optical disk technology
microfiche
A diskette or floppy disk is a data storage medium that is composed of a
disk of thin, flexible magnetic storage medium encased in a square or
rectangular piece of mylar
plastic.
a hard disk drive (HDD), commonly referred to as a
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hard drive
serve as permanent storage device for large amount of data
hard disk
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hard dick is a variation of the hard disk in which hard disks

enclosed in plastic or metal cartridges are easily removable like floppy
disks
removable
is the amount of time between when the CPU requests a file and when
the first byte of the file is sent to the CPU
seek time
is the rate at which information can be read from or written to the storage.
It is expressed in terms of megabytes per second or MB/s.
Throughput
is the time it takes to position the proper sector under the read/write head.
Rotational delay/Latency
A is the set of tracks at a given radius of a disk pack
Cylinder
A file is collection of data or information that has a name called the
Filename
The file extention for images are
.png , jpg , gif
are files that store sets of instructions written in a programming language
Program file
ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information
Interchange
technique of file organization uses both the sequential and direct access
methods
Indexed Sequential Organization
Storage devices can be classified generally as sequential access or
random access
refers to a collection of transaction records.
Transaction file
Data refers to the process of transmitting data / information from a
source via a
telecommunications system in coded forms to a destination for the purpose of
interchanging details of business transaction
communication
A system refers to a collection of compatible hardware and software
required to exchange information from one location to another.
Telecommunication
is a method of data processing method whereby data about a
single transaction is processed immediately it is captured
Online processing
Transaction processing system (TPS) is an automated system that
performs and records the daily or routine transactions necessary to
conduct a business.
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are systems designed to deal with dynamic situations in order to control a

critical operation such as an airline reservation system which must be
continually updated as events occur
real time
A database management system has three components; A data
definition language, Data manipulation language and
A dictionary
A is a language associated with a database management system that is
employed by end users and programmers to manipulate data in the database
data manipulation language
A definition language is the component of a database management
system that defines each data as it appears in the database
Data
is the third element of a DBMS
Data dictionary
In relational database, files are organizes in tables called a which is a two-
dimensional table of data consisting of columns and rows
Relation
In hierarchical database, records are organized in a _structure by type
Treelike
The relationship between records types is said to be a
relationship, in
which any child type relate only to a single parent type
parent-child
The is a database model conceived as a flexible way of representing objects
and their relationships
network model

A data language is a language associated with a database management

system that is employed by end users and programmers to manipulate data in
the database
manipulation
A data language is the component of a database management system that
defines each data as it appears in the database
definition
A is a collection of data stored in a standardized format, designed to be
shared by multiple users
database
Program-data dependence is a problem of file system
Traditional
Data means the presence of duplicate data in multiple data files and often in
different format.
Redundancy
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systems are systems designed to deal with dynamic situations in order

to control a critical operation such as an airline reservation system which
must be continually updated as events occur realtime
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systems are systems designed to deal with dynamic situations in order to

control a critical operation such as an airline reservation system which must be
continually updated as events occur
Transaction
TPS stands for processing system
Transaction
processing is a method of processing that allows transactions to be
entered directly to the system via terminals, PCs or workstations as they take
place thereby updating the master file immediately as the transactions occur
Online
A system keeps tracks of the money paid to employees
payroll
processing is a method of data processing, in whichtransaction data such
as data from time card is collected over a period for payroll processing, and
then processed all at once as a batch to update the master file.
Batch
A system refers to a collection of compatible hardware and software
required to exchange information from one location to another.
Telecommunication
A refers to the process of transmitting data information from a source via a
telecommunications system in coded forms to a destination for the purpose of
interchanging details of business transaction. Data communication
file is a collection of records that are relatively permanent records that are
updated periodically
MASTER
file refers to a collection of transaction records
Transaction
file organization is a type of technique of file organization that uses both
the sequential and direct access methods
Indexed sequential
file organization is a type of file organization, data records are normally
stored in ascending order of key field.
Sequential
file organization is a method of file organization where records are not
arranged in any specific order
SERIAL
files refers to document files, contain data, not programs
Data
ASCII stands for American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
Program files are files that store sets of instructions written in a language.
Programming
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The extension for a microsoft excel file is

.xls
The extension for a text file Is
.txt
The extension for a microsoft word document is
.doc or .docx
A is collection of data or information that has a name called the filename
file
time is the amount of time between when the CPU requests a file and
when the first byte of the file is sent to the CPU
seek
is the rate at which information can be read from or written to the storage of
a computer
throughput
a is the set of tracks at a given radius of a disk pack
Cylinder
A is the smallest addressable unit in a disk.
Sector
Bits of data (0 s and 1 s) are stored on circular magnetic platters called
Disks
A is a data storage medium that is composed of a disk of thin, flexible
magnetic storage medium encased in a square or rectangular piece of mylar
plastic.
Diskette or floppy disk
printer produce images by pushing electrically heated pins against special
heatsensitive paper
thermal
printer is a type of printer that is able to print an entireline at one time with
as much speed as 3,000 lines per minute
line
is a device that prints text or illustration on paper and in many cases on
transparencies and other media.
Printer
A fax machine also referred to as
facsimile
OCR stands Optical Recognition
Character
OMR stands for Mark Recognition
Optical
Scanners use and reflected light to
capture and translate
hardcopy images of text, drawings, photos into computer understandable form
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for processing
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laser beams
is used for entering text and numeric values into the computer.
Keyboard
Presentation graphics enable users to create highly stylized for slide show and
report
graphics
A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of programs that
allows you to store modify and extract from a database
information
software includes programs that are developed using systems software in
order to achieve some tasks
Application
is made up of many component programs and manages the overall
operations of a computer system.
Operating system
An/A system is the most important software for a
computer
consists of a group of related programs written in a specific code called
programming language
Software
is used to refer to about 1 million bytes of data
Megabytes
A kilobyte represents bytes
1000
is the next larger unit of data representation within a computer system.
Byte
A group of eight bits is called a
byte
a is the smallest possible unit of data
bit
The term is a short form of binary Digit
Bit
Programs in EPROM chip can be and reprogrammed
Erased
EPROM stands for Electronically read-only memory
Erasable
PROM is an acronym for read-only memory
Programmable
is a nonvolatile type of memory.
ROM
ROM is an acronym for Read memory
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Only
RAM is an acronym for Random memory
Access
The computer can perform only two types of operations: arithmetic operations
and operations.
Logical
All the computer's resources are managed from
control unit
a/an device is used to communicate data and instructions or programs to
the computer
input

One important reason a computer needs ROM is so that it knows what to

do when the power is first turned on.
Agree
generation computers were very expensive to operate and maintain
first
Using a computer in business guarantees an improved access to inform
by means of online and real-time access to information system
agree
Using a computer in business does not increase the productivity of staff in
general
Disagree
generation of computer relied on punched cards for input and printouts
for output.
Second
Using a computer in business leads to improved customer relations due to its
reliability, generation of more timely reports, and speedier responses to enquiries
regarding business operations
Agree
operation allows data or instructions to be captured electronically or
entered by means of the available input device.
Input
The computer processes data by performing the following except
Input
A supercomputer is especially sophisticated and powerful type of computer
that is used primarily for extremely rapid and complex computations with
hundreds of thousands of variable factors
AGREE
A is highly sophisticated and powerful machine that is used for
tasks requiring rapid and complex calculations with hundreds of
thousands of variable factors
Supercomputer
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Workstations are used mainly in handling computing applications such as in

science, engineering, and design work that requires powerful graphics or
computational
capabilities
Agree
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A workstation is so much like a PC except that it is more powerful and

has more capabilities for handling and graphics-processing than a PC.
Mathematical
Microcomputers are sometimes referred to as computers
Personal
A is a mid-range, multi-purpose computer, about the size of an
office desk produced by a number of manufacturers including Dell,
Hewlett Packard
Microcomputer
computer is used for very large amount of business, scientific and
engineering, military data.
Mainframe
A computer is the largest and relatively most powerful computer, a
powerhouse with large storage and very rapid processing power and speed
Mainframe
A/An computer represents a datum as a sequence of symbols drawn from a
fixed alphabet
Digital
The term describes any system based on discontinues data orevents. For
example, electricity is either turned on or turned off.
Digital
An/A computer represents a datum as a voltage, distance, position, or other
physical quantity.
Analog
Analog refers to (non-computer-based), continuous variable forms of
data transmission, including voice and video.
Non-digital
Early attempts at manufacturing computers used analog techniques,
but accuracy, speed and reliability were not very acceptable.
Agree
The use of parallel processing and superconductors is not helping to make
artificial intelligence a reality
Disagree
generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in
development.
Fifth
led to the creation of the first personal computer
Microprocessor
generation computers use microprocessor chips, which are large-
scale integrated circuits containing thousands of transistors
Fourth
brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of
integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip
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Microprocessor
In generation computers transistors were miniaturized and placed
on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the
speed and efficiency of computers
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Third
generation computers used integrated circuits.
Third
generation computers allowed programmers to specify instructions in
words.
Second
In generation of computers, transistors were used in placed of vacuum
tubes
Second
generation computers allowed programming in machine language to
perform operations
First
The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and drums for memory
Magnetic
The computer is designed with mechanism for reading data into the
computer, internal storage facilities, and mechanisms for communicating
with the outside world
Input
generation of computers supported the use of assembly languages
Second
Computer are used primarily to speed up the solving and increase the
overall productivity of its users
Problems
A can be referred to as a programmable, multi-user device that
accepts data, raw facts and figures, and processes, or manipulates, it into
useful information
Computer
A computer is a device which given a set of or data can be used to perform
given task or tasks.
Instructions
The advantage of EEPROM chips is that they need to be removed from the
computer to be changed
Agree
The ultimate goal of data processing is to obtain with which to control
financial and administrative aspects of a business
Information
A system can be viewed as an administrative system superimposed
upon the physical business systems such as banking, engineering, insurance
etc
Data processing
USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable, much shorter than a
floppy disk
Agree
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USB stands for universal bus

Serial
tape has historically been found more convenient means of large
data storage over disk where media portability or removability is required
for backup.
Magnetic
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One of these is not a major component of a

telecommunication system Computer
Terminal
Communication
channel None of
the options

A system cant transmit text, graphic images, voice or video information

Telecommunication
Data processing consist of those activities
concerned with the
recording, sorting,
computing, modifying, reporting displaying and printing of details relating to
business transactions.
Systematic
Transaction file is a temporary holding file that stores records that
normally have a limited useful lifetime
Agree
One of these is an online
processing system Visa
processing
Result
checking
Banking
enquiry All
of the
options

Data processing systems have become indispensable in managing

information in modern day organizations.
AGREE
Lack of skilled professional for systems support is considered as a disadvantage
of distributed data processing
Agree
One of these is not an advantage of distributed
data processing Modularity
Lower
cost
Reliabili
ty
None of the Options

One of these is an advantage of

distributed data processing
Modular
ity
Lower
cost
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ALL of the Options

Data processing (DP) is any computer automated process that

converts raw facts i.e data into output i.e useful information
Electronic
Workstation can handle more complicated tasks than PC in the same amount of
time
AGREE
is the plural form of the word datum and refers to basic facts about an
object.
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Data
Local control of data is also a disadvantage of distributed data processing
Disagree Transaction processing entails the of appropriate database
records as soon as a transaction is captured into the computer.
Updating
Spreadsheet software also has features that allow the creation of analytical
graphics
Agree

Spreadsheet software also has features that allow the creation of analytical
graphics.
Agree
Traditionally, spreadsheet was simply grid of rows and columns on special paper
that was used by accountant and others to produce financial projections and
report
Agree
Data exist in a variety of forms such as numbers or text on pieces of
paper, as in
computer memory or as facts stored in a person's mind
Bytes
A represents approximately 1000 bytes
Kilobyte
A group of bits is called a byte.
Eight
A bit is the smallest possible unit of data
Bit
A is used to refer to about 1 trillion bytes, or 1000 gigabytes of data.
Terabyte
The term is a short form of binary digit.
Bit
All data must be represented in a before it can be processed.
Registers
A is used to refer to about 1 million bytes of data.
Megabyte
are special, high-speed storage area within the CPU.
Registers
EEPROM is an acronym for electronically read-only-memory
Erasable programmable
PROM is an acronym for read-only memory.
Programmable
A workstation is so much like a PC except that it is more powerful and has more
capabilities for handling
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and graphics-processing than a PC

Mathematical
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Computer are used primarily to speed up the solving and increase the
overall productivity of its users.
Problems
A can be referred to as a programmable, multi-user device that
accepts data, raw facts and figures, and processes, or manipulates, it into
useful information
Computer
Local control of data is also a disadvantage of distributed data processing
Wrong
Transaction processing entails the of appropriate database records as soon
as a transaction is captured into the computer.
Updating
is a nonvolatile type of memory. Nonvolatile chips always hold the same
data; the data in them can be read and used-it cannot be changed.
ROM
ROM is an acronym for Only Memory.
Read
RAM consists of some on a small circuit board.
Chips
A computers primary memory is an/a device that store information
necessary for a program to run.
Electronic
Computers use types memory
Two
The CPU has which are devices capable of holding a few bytes of data or
instructions at a time.
Registers
The unit is the electronic circuitry capable of performing the two basic logic
operations.
Arithmetic-logic
The purpose of is to hold programs and data while they are in use.
RAM
The computer can perform only two types of operations: arithmetic operations
and
operatio
ns
Logical
The is the brain of the computer and it is the place where data is
manipulated within the computer system
CPU
An device is used to communicate data and instructions or programs to the
computer.
Input
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Using a computer in a business leads to improved customer relations due to its

reliability, generation of more timely reports, and speedier responses to
enquiries regarding business operations
Correct
The of the processor coordinates all activities of the computer system.
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CU
operations is the stage of operations, data, information, and the
instructions used for the processing of data are stored temporarily or
permanently in primary or secondary storage devices. Input
Output
Processi
ng
None of the above

operations stage is the stage the result or information obtained from

the data is produced in a form acceptable by the user.
Output
RAM is an acronym for Access Memory.
Read
operations stage in the stage data or instructions are captured
electronically or entered by means of the available input device.
Input
Supercomputers traditionally have been used in scientific and military work,
but they are starting to be use in business as well.
Supercomputer
used for short-term storage of data or program instructions.
RAM
A is highly sophisticated and powerful machine that is used for
tasks requiring rapid and complex calculations with hundreds of
thousands of variable factors.
Supercomputer
operations stage is the stage that already captured and transformed
data is manipulated to generate desired result for the end user other
processing systems
Processing
A is so much like a PC except that it is more powerful and has more
capabilities for handling mathematical and graphics-processing than a PC.
Workstation
are sometimes referred to as personal computers (PCs).
Microcomputers
A is a mid-range, multi-purpose computer, about the size of an
office desk produced by a number of manufacturers including Dell,
Hewlett Packard
Minicomputer
is used for very large amount of business, scientific and engineering,
military data.
Mainframe
A is the largest and relatively most powerful computer, a powerhouse
with large storage and very rapid processing power and speed.
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Mainframe
The most common digital computers use a alphabet, that is, an alphabet of
two characters.
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Bina
ry
computer represents a datum as a sequence of symbols drawn from a
A fixed alphabet.
Digit
al
Binary means having two components, alternatives, or outcomes.
Binary
The term describes any system based on discontinues data or events. For
example, electricity is
either turned on or turned off.
Digital
An/A computer represents a datum as a voltage, distance, position, or other
physical quantity.
Analog
refers to non-digital (non-computer-based), continuous variable forms
of data transmission, including voice and video.
Analog
Computing devices are classified as according to the means by which they
represent data.
Analog or Digital
generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in
development.
Fifth
generation computers also saw the development of Graphical Users
Interface, the pointer devices such as mouse and personal digital
assistants.
Fourth
led to the creation of the first personal computer.
Microprocessor
In third generation computers transistors were miniaturized and placed on
silicon chips, called
Semiconductors
generation computers used integrated circuits.
Third
generation of computers supported the use of assembly,
languages - this allowed programmers to specify instructions in words.
Second
generation of computer relied on punched cards for input and printouts
for output.
Second
generation of computers, transistors were used in placed of vacuum tubes.
Second
generation computers allowed programming in machine language to
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perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time.
First
generation computers were very expensive to operate and maintain.
First
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The first computers used for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory,
and were often enormous, taking up a large space.
Vacuum tubes
In order for data to be processed by a computer, the data needs first to be
converted into a
format.
Machine readable
The computer reads in data and , does some processing, and stores or
outputs desired results.
Instructions
A can be referred to as a programmable, multi-user device that
accepts data, raw facts and figures, and processes, or manipulates, it into
useful information
Computer
A is a device which given a set of instructions or data can be used to
perform given task or tasks.
Computer
The ultimate goal of data processing is to obtain information which will not
control financial and administrative aspects of a business.
Wrong
The basic data processing operations performed on business data include the
following except
None of the
above Data
Collection
Data Capture
Data Recording

In recent times, data processing systems are quite often referred to as

systems to
highlight their practicality.
iNformati
on Data
Managem
ent
None of the above

processing systems have become indispensable in managing

information in modern day organizations.
Data
Data becomes more useful only when they have undergone some
computer processing and well- presented to allow for decision making.
Correct
Data processing (DP) is any computer automated process that converts
raw facts i.e data into output i.e useful information.
Electronic
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is defined as either a meaningful answer to a query or a meaningful

stimulus that can cascade into further queries.
iNformation
are used to turn meaningless data by processing them into useful
information, such as spreadsheet, graphs, and reports.
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Computers
The computer reads in data and , does some processing, and stores or
outputs desired results.
Instructions
When the method of data processing is manual, it is called data processing
Manual
the outcome of a processed data is .
Information
Data is meaningless until it undergoes some forms of
Processing
An/A refers to a person, place, or a thing. Data consist of numbers,
words, images,
Objects
Data is the plural form of the word and refers to basic facts about an object
Datum
exist in a variety of forms such as numbers or text on pieces of
paper, as bytes in computer memory or as facts stored in a person's mind.
Data
Arranging the customers names in ascending order is an example of
information processing
Any knowledge item that can be expressed in numbers or words is called
information processing
Organization, distribution and manipulation of information is classified as
Information processing
Equipment and programs used to process raw data into the information are
termed as
Information Technology
UNIVAC is
Universal Automatic computer
Computers are the example of
electromechanical Computers
Which of these computers mark the beginning of the modern era?
Mark - 1
The first general purpose electronic computer ENIAC was developed by
John Mauchly
j.P
Eckert
Both A
&B
None of the options

The first computer to use Neumann's stored program concept was

EDVAC
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Hard discs, fixed head discs, floppy discs and optical discs all are types of
Direct access storage
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The fields which are used to retrieve the related records from other files are
called
connecting fields
Files are logically partitioned into storage units of fixed length know as
Blocks
An organized logically sequence of records is called
File
Person who analyze the information system and have practical experience of
computers is classified as

System Analyst
To create a file
allocate the space in file system & make an entry for new file in directory
Set of operations carried on to process gatered data is called
Data processing cycle
File type can be represented by
File extension
Which of the following explains the sequential file access
method?
Random access according to the given byte number
Read bytes one at a
time in order Read/write
sequentially by record
Read/write randomly by
record

Various operations that are carried on the data while

processing includes
Calculation
Analysts
Manipulat
ion
all of the options

Wrong statement about update keyword is

Only one recod can be updated at a time using where clause
A collection of data designed to be used by different people is called a/an
Database
Which of the following is the oldest database
model?
Relational
Deducti
ve
Physica
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l
Networ
k

Which of the following terms does refer to the correctness and

completeness of the data in a database?
Sata
security
Data
Constraint
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Data independence
Data Integrity

Which of these best describes an array?

A data structure that shows a hierarchical behaviour
Container of objects of
similar types Container of
objects of mixed types all of
the metioned

Advantages of Distributed Data

Processing
Modularity Easy Integration
Better response time Data processing is closer
to the end user. Ability to share data
All of the options

Which of the following concepts make extensive use of

arrays?
Binary tree
Scheduling of
processes Caching
Spatial locality

What are the advantages of

arrays?
Easier to store elements of same
data type
Used to implement other data structures like stack
and queue Convenient way to represent matrices as a
2D array
All of the options

What are the disadvantages of array?

We must know before hand how many elements will be there in the array
There are chances of wastage of memory space if elements inserted in an array
are lesser than the allocated size
insertion and deletion becomes tedious
All of the options

is meaningless until it is subjected to manual or electronic processing by

a computer to produce information used for decision making.
Answer: Data

Within the context of elementary data processing can be distinguished by

their sizes, types and generation
Answer: Computers

exists in a variety of forms such as numbers or text on pieces of

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paper, as bytes in computer memory or as facts stored in a person's mind.

Answer: Data

Data processing (DP) is any computer automated process that converts

raw facts
Answer: Electronic
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A is a device which given a set of instructions or data can be used to

perform given task or tasks.
Answer: Computer

The term describes any system based on discontinous data or events.

Answer:
Digital

are sometimes referred to as personal computers (PCs).

Answer: Microcomputers

An device is used to communicate data and instructions or programs to

the computer.
Answer: Input

The is the brain of the computer and it is the place where data is
manipulated within the computer system.
Answer: CPU

A is a collection of data or information that has a name called the filename.

Answer: File

Most of the information stored in a computer system is stored as

Answer: Files

A system refers to a collection of compatible hardware and software

required to exchange information from one location to another.
Answer: Telecommunication

A system consists of a central multi-user computer (usually

mainframe) which hosts all components of a data processing system
Answer: Centralized

A is a collection of data stored in a standardized format, designed to

be shared by multiple users
Answer: Database

Visual programming is a method of creating programs by manipulating

program elements
rath
er than by specifying them textually
Answer: Graphically

An is a series of variables with the same name

Answer: Array

In database, files are organizes in tables called a relation which is a

two-dimensional table of data consisting of columns and rows
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Answer: Relational

A relation is also called an entity or

Answer: Record
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A is made up of related fields that are uniquely identified by field

name also referred to as data element or attributes
Answer: Record

The are used to store data containing values relating to a

particularrelation which may be employee or student registration record
Answer: Fields

The model is a database model conceived as a flexible way of

representing objects and their relationships
Answer: Network

A database management system has three components; A data definition

language, Data manipulation language and A
Answer: Dictionary
A is an automated or manual file that stores definitions of data
elements and data characteristics such as usage, physical
representation,ownership (who in the organization is responsible for maintain
the data),authorization, and security.
Answer: Data dictionary

refers to non-digital (non-computer-based), continuous variable forms

of data transmission, including voice and video.
Answer: Analog

is volatile
Answer: RAM

is non- volatile
Answer: ROM

An system is the most important software for a computer

Answer: Operating

translator refers to a is software which translates a computer

program written in a high- level programming language, or assembly
language to a machine understandable form.
Answer: Language

is used for entering text and numeric values into the computer
Answer: Keyboard

A is an input device that is popularly used with microcomputers.

Answer: Mouse

A is a pointing device that consists of a vertical handle like a gearshift

lever mounted on a base with one or two buttons
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Answer: Joystick
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use laser beams and reflected light to capture and translate hardcopy
images of text, drawings, photos, and the like into computer understandable
form for processing.
Answer: Scanners

A fax machine also referred to as transmission machine has facilities that

scan an image on paper into electrical signal, transmit same over telephone
lines and re-creates the image to a receiving fax machine on paper
Answer: Facsimile

The first is the typical monitor that looks like the television screen and uses a
large vacuum tube, called a ray tube.
Answer: Cathode

file is a collection of records that are relatively permanent

records that are updated periodically
Answer: Master

The common ways of file organization and access are the following, except
Answer: Transaction file organization

ASCII stand for ?

Answer: American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Which of the following is NOT a type of file stored in a computer system?

Answer: MICR file

Which of the following is NOT an input device?

Answer: MICR

The following are operating systems, except

Answer: Linus

Which of the following is not a task performed by the operating system?

Answer: None of the options

The three variations of ROM chips are used in special situation are the
following, except
Answer: EEEPROM

The following are demerits of Distributed Data Processing, except

Answer: Direct Users interaction

Which of the following is the basic data processing operations performed on

business data?
Answer: All of the options

Which of the following is not a basic SQL statement?

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Answer: LOGIC
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The following are Control

Construct, except Answer: Update

Which of the following is a merit of DBMS?

Answer: Sharing of data

Which of the following is a type of data file?

Answer: Transaction file

Which of the following operations cannot be performed in a master file?

Answer: Selection of record

Which of the following is/are components of a telecommunication?

Answer: All of the options

Arranging the customers’ names in ascending order is an example of

Answer: information processing

Organization, distribution and manipulation of information is classified as

Answer: Information processing

UNIVAC is stand for

Answer: Universal Automatic computer

Computers are the example of

Answer: Mechanical Computers

The first computer to use Neumann's stored program concept was

Answer: EDVAC

Hard discs, fixed head discs, floppy discs and optical discs are all types of
Answer: Direct access storage

Various operations that are carried on the data while processing includes
Answer: All of the options

Which of the following explains the sequential file access method?

Answer: Read bytes one at a time in order

File type can be represented by

Answer: File extension

Set of operations carried on to process gathered data is called

Answer: Data processing cycle

In order to create a file, the following step is taken

Answer: allocate the space in file system & make an entry for new file
in directory
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An organized logically sequence of records is called

Answer: File

Files are logically partitioned into storage units of fixed length know as
Answer: Blocks

What are the disadvantages of array?

Answer: All of the options

Which of these best describes an array?

Answer: All of the options

Which of the following terms does refer to the correctness and completeness of
the data in a database?
Answer: Data Integrity

A collection of data designed to be used by different people is called a/an

Answer: Database

Which of the following is an attribute that can uniquely identify a row in a table?
Answer: Candidate key

What are the advantages of arrays?

Answer: All of the options

Wrong statement about update keyword is

Answer: Only one record can be updated at a time using where clause

Machine languages consist of strings of numbers defined by

hardware design
Report Generators are also called
report writes
A is a users friendly language for retrieving
information a database management system.
query language
CASE is an acronym for Computer-aided software engineering or systems
engineering
Computer-aided
Structured programming is a technique to make the programming process
easier and more productive
A structured program doesn t depend on the GO TO statement to control the
logical flow. Instead, it is built from smaller program called module, or
subprograms

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming approach

that combines data and instructions for processing that data into a
self-contained object that can be used in other programs
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An is a block of preassembled programming code that is a selfcontained

module.
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Object
A programming is a method of creating programs by manipulating
program elements graphically rather than by specifying them textually.
Visual
An occurs when users takes an action, such as clicking a
Button, pressing a key, scrolling, or closing a Window
event
A is the window and dialog box where you put all the things
that people interact with as they use your program.
Form
There are -fundamental of control structure
Three(Sequence, Selection and iteration)
The process of repeating a series of instructions is called
Looping
There are types of repetition statement
Two(Pretest, Posttest)
A repetition statement computes a value for the condition
expression before entering the loop.
Pretest
A repetition statement first executes the loop body and then
computes a value for the condition expression.
Posttest
tests the completion at the bottom of the loop, which means that
the statement within the loop will be executed at least once
Loop While Statement
construct uses the FOR..NEXT and a counter index to repeat
the statement(s) in a loop for a given number of times
For Loop Statement
A counter-controlled loop generally has three elements: Initialize the
counter, Increment/Decrement the counter and
Test the counter to determine when it is time to terminate the loop

A -dimensional array is a one-row collection of variables

One
A -dimensional array is made up of columns and rows that intersect to form
a grid
Two
The is a simple form that displays a message and at least one command
button.
message box
a is a named collection of related records normally kept in external storage.
data file
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there are Two major ways of file organization are sequential and random

A SQL statement consists of the following three main components:

i. The SQL operation
ii. The target
iii. The Condition

The four basic operations performed by a SQL Data Manipulation

Language statement are:SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and
DELETE