_______________________

Name:
_
Blood and heart AO1
_______________________
Class:
_

_______________________
Date:
_

Time: 78 minutes

Marks: 76 marks

Comments:

Page 1 of 28
Q1.
Figure 1 shows a human heart.

Figure 1

(a) The vena cava carries blood into the heart from the body.

Which blood vessel in Figure 1 is the vena cava?

Tick (✓) one box.

A B C D

(1)

(b) Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the body?

Tick (✓) one box.

Left atrium

Left ventricle

Right atrium

Right ventricle

(1)

(c) What is the name of the blood vessel that carries blood to the heart muscle?

Page 2 of 28
 Tick (✓) one box.

Aorta

Coronary artery

Pulmonary artery

(1)

The heart and some blood vessels contain valves.

(d) Which type of blood vessel has valves?

Tick (✓) one box.

Artery

Capillary

Vein

(1)

(e) What is the function of valves?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

Figure 2 shows a blood capillary.

Figure 2

(f) Explain one way the capillary is adapted for its function.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Page 3 of 28
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

The table below shows information about the blood of four people.

Concentration of blood component in number/mm3

Person White blood
Red blood cells Platelets
cells

W 5 000 000 15 000 200 000

X 4 700 000 5 500 20 000

Y 8 000 000 7 200 250 000

Z 4 900 000 6 400 225 000

(g) Person W has 5 000 000 red blood cells in 1 mm3 of blood.

What is 5 000 000 written in standard form?

Tick (✓) one box.

5 × 1 000 000

5 × 106

5 × 107

50 × 105

(1)

(h) Draw one line from each description to the person in the table above it describes.

Description Person in Table

Person W

Person most likely to have an

infection

Person X

Person Y

Person whose blood will not

Page 4 of 28
 clot properly

Person Z
(2)

(i) The greater the height above sea level, the less oxygen there is in the air.

People who live high above sea level have more red blood cells than people who
live at sea level.

Some athletes train in mountains high above sea level.

Explain why having more red blood cells will improve an athlete’s performance.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 13 marks)

Q2.
The human body is made of different types of cell.

(a) Draw one line from each type of cell to the organ system where the cell is found.

Page 5 of 28
 (3)

(b) Explain one way a sperm cell is adapted for its function.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

The figure below shows a cell.

Oxygen molecules are shown inside and outside the cell.

Page 6 of 28
(c) Give one way you can tell that the cell in the figure above is not a plant cell.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) Which part of a cell controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell?

Tick (✓) one box.

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

(1)

(e) What is the name of the process that moves oxygen molecules into the cell in the
figure above?

Give the reason for your answer.

Tick (✓) one box.

Active transport

Diffusion

Osmosis

Reason ____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

Page 7 of 28
 (f) Name two substances that move into most cells in the body from the blood.

Do not refer to oxygen in your answer.

1 _________________________________________________________________

2 _________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 11 marks)

Q3.
Figure 1 shows one type of white blood cell.

Figure 1

(a) What is structure A?

Tick one box.

Cell membrane

Cell wall

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

(1)

(b) White blood cells help to defend the body against pathogens.

How do the white blood cells do this?

Tick three boxes.

Clone pathogens

Engulf pathogens

Produce antibiotics

Page 8 of 28
 Produce antibodies

Produce antitoxins

Produce toxins

(3)

Measles is a serious disease. A person can die from measles.

Figure 2 shows the number of cases of measles in England and Wales between 2012 and
2015

Figure 2

(c) Use Figure 2 to calculate the decrease in the number of cases of measles between
2012 and 2015

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Answer = ______________________ cases

(2)

(d) Suggest one reason for the decrease in the number of cases of measles between

Page 9 of 28
 2012 and 2015

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(e) Antibiotics cannot be used to treat measles.

Suggest why.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(f) Gonorrhoea is a disease caused by a bacterium.

Gonorrhoea can be treated with antibiotics.

Give one other way to control the spread of gonorrhoea.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

A scientist investigated how effective different antibiotics were at killing gonorrhoea

bacteria.

This is the method used.

1. Grow gonorrhoea bacteria on agar in a Petri dish.

2. Place one paper disc soaked in water onto the agar.
3. Place four other paper discs, each soaked in a different antibiotic, A, B, C, and D,
onto the agar.
4. Use the same sized paper discs and the same concentration of each antibiotic.
5. Incubate the Petri dish for 3 days.

Figure 3 shows the scientist’s results.

A clear area around the disc means the antibiotic has killed the bacteria.

Figure 3

Page 10 of 28
 (g) Give one control variable the scientist used.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(h) Suggest why one disc was soaked in water.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(i) Which antibiotic in Figure 3 would be the best to treat gonorrhoea?

Give a reason for your answer.

Antibiotic ___________________________________________________________

Reason ____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 13 marks)

Q4.
The heart is part of the circulatory system.

(a) (i) Name one substance transported by the blood in the circulatory system.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) What is the main type of tissue in the heart wall?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Figure 1 shows the human heart.

Page 11 of 28
 (i) Which blood vessel, A, B or C, takes blood to the lungs?

(1)

(ii) Name parts D and E shown in Figure 1.

D _______________________________________

E _______________________________________
(2)

(c) Figure 2 shows three types of blood vessel, F, G and H.

(i) What type of blood vessel is F?

Tick (✔) one box.

an artery

a capillary

Page 12 of 28
 a vein

(1)

(ii) A man needs to have a stent fitted to prevent a heart attack.

In which type of blood vessel would the stent be placed?

Tick (✔) one box.

an artery

a capillary

a vein

(1)

(iii) Explain how a stent helps to prevent a heart attack.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

Q5.
(a) (i) Blood is part of the circulatory system.

Draw one line from each part of the blood to its correct function.

Part of the blood Function

carry glucose around

the body

White blood
cells

carry oxygen around

the body

Page 13 of 28
 Red blood cells

help the blood to clot

Platelets

destroy
microorganisms

(3)

(ii) Name one waste product that is transported by the blood plasma.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) The heart is also part of the circulatory system.

Figure 1 shows a section through the human heart.

Figure 1

(i) Which arrow, A, B, C or D, shows blood leaving the heart in the pulmonary

artery to go to the lungs?

(1)

(ii) Which arrow, A, B, C or D, shows blood from the lungs entering the heart in

Page 14 of 28
 the pulmonary vein?
(1)

(iii) Valves in the circulatory system make sure blood only travels in one direction.

Name the type of blood vessel that has valves.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) A person’s coronary artery has become narrower.

The person has a heart attack.

A doctor puts a stent into the person’s coronary artery.

Figure 2 shows a stent inside a coronary artery.

Figure 2

(i) How does the stent help to prevent another heart attack?

Give one way.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Figure 3 shows a surgeon putting a stent into a patient.

Figure 3

© Science Photo Library

Page 15 of 28
 The surgeon puts the stent into an artery in the leg. He moves the stent
through the artery to the coronary artery.

Suggest two possible risks of this operation.

1. ____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

Q6.
(a) Draw a ring around one word to answer each of the following questions.

(i) Which type of blood vessel carries blood out of the heart?

artery capillary vein

(1)

(ii) Which type of blood vessel allows substances to enter and leave the blood?

artery capillary vein

(1)

(b) Use words from the box to complete the sentences.

alveoli cell membrane nucleus

plasma red blood cells villi

Oxygen enters the blood through the walls of the __________________________ .

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is carried in the

_________________________________________________________________ .

A red blood cell is different from other body cells because it does not have a

________________________________ .
(3)
(Total 5 marks)

Q7.
(a) What type of blood vessels join arteries to veins?

___________________________________________________________________

Page 16 of 28
 (1)

(b) How are oxygen and carbon dioxide carried in the blood?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) List three things that are carried around the body in the blood plasma.

1. _________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 6 marks)

Q8.
Complete the table to show which part of the blood carries out each function.

Choose your answers from the list.

plasma platelet red blood cell white blood cell

The first answer has been done for you.

Function Part of the blood

Transports most of the carbon dioxide plasma

Transports most of the oxygen

Helps blood to clot at a wound

Defends the body against

microorganisms

Transports the products of digestion

(Total 4 marks)

Q9.
Blood contains plasma, platelets, red cells and white cells. Each has one or more
important functions.

In the table below draw a line from each part to its function.

One part has two functions. Draw lines from this part to both functions.

Page 17 of 28
 (Total 5 marks)

Page 18 of 28
Mark schemes

Q1.
(a) A
1

(b) left ventricle

1

(c) coronary artery

1

(d) vein
1

(e) to stop blood flowing in the wrong direction

allow to stop blood flowing backwards
allow to stop backflow (of blood)
allow to keep blood flowing in the correct
direction
1

(f) walls that are one cell thick

allow thin walls
ignore thin unqualified
do not accept references to cell walls
1

(so) there is a short diffusion distance

allow (so) substances can move (quickly)
between blood and cells / tissues
allow (so) diffusion / movement can happen
faster
allow (so) there is a short distance for
substances to move

OR

large surface area (to volume ratio) (1)

for exchange of substances (1)

allow (so) more substances can diffuse / move at
the same time (1)

allow (very) narrow (1)

(so) are close to cells (1)
1

(g) 5 × 106

(h)

Page 19 of 28
 do not accept more than one line from a box on the left
2

(i) more oxygen (can be transported / carried)

allow red blood cells carry oxygen
1

(oxygen) is needed for (aerobic) respiration

allow (so) less anaerobic respiration
1

(so) more energy can be transferred / released

do not accept energy is made / produced /
created
1
[13]

Q2.
(a)

Page 20 of 28
 do not accept more than one line from a box on the left
3

(b) has a tail

allow has flagellum
1

(so) it can swim

allow so it can move / travel

OR

has (many) mitochondria (1)

to transfer / release / energy (for sperm to swim) (1)

allow for energy
do not accept energy is made / produced /
created

OR

has enzyme(s) (1)

to penetrate into the egg (1)

OR

is streamlined (1)

to swim faster (1)

OR

Page 21 of 28
 has 23 chromosomes (1)

to produce 46 chromosomes in fertilised cell (1)

allow a correct adaptation (1)
and linked explanation (1)
1

(c) any one from:

(cell in the figure) does not have

• a (cell) wall
• a (large) vacuole
• chloroplasts
ignore chlorophyll
1

(d) cell membrane

1

(e) diffusion
1

Reason:
concentration (of oxygen) is greater outside the cell
or
concentration (of oxygen) is lower inside the cell
allow (oxygen moves) from a high concentration
to a low concentration
allow there is more (oxygen) outside the cell
(than inside the cell)
allow there is less (oxygen) inside the cell (than
outside the cell)
ignore oxygen moves along a concentration
gradient
1

(f) any two from:

ignore oxygen
• glucose / sugar
• water
allow H2O
• amino acids
• fatty acids
• glycerol
• mineral ions
allow minerals / salts / vitamins / hormones
allow named ion / mineral / vitamin / hormone

ignore carbon dioxide

ignore urea
2
[11]

Q3.

Page 22 of 28
(a) cell membrane
extra ticks negates marks
1

(b) engulf pathogens

1

produce antibodies
1

produce antitoxins
1
extra ticks negates marks

(c) 2050 − 100

1

= 1950
allow 1 mark for a correct subtraction of incorrect
values
1
an answer of 1950 scores 2 marks

(d) any one from:

• (more) people vaccinated
ignore injections / treatments / medicines
unqualified
allow vaccine produced
allow (more people given) MMR (vaccine)
do not allow antibiotics
ignore less people infected

• (more) people immune

• no new measles strain
1

(e) any one from:

• measles is (caused by) a virus
allow measles is not caused by a bacterium

• viruses cannot be killed / destroyed by antibiotics

allow antibiotics only kill / destroy bacteria
ignore harmed / treated
1

(f) any one from:

• use of a barrier method of contraception
ignore use of diaphragm

• use of a condom
ignore use protection / safe sex

• vaccination / immunisation
• avoid sexual intercourse / contact
do not accept less sexual intercourse / contact
1

Page 23 of 28
 (g) any one from:
• size / shape/ type of paper disc
ignore paper disc unqualified

• concentration of antibiotic
allow strength / dosage of antibiotic
• volume / amount of antibiotic
• (incubation) time
allow 3 days
• (incubation) temperature
ignore size of petri dish
1

(h) to check that the disc / water did not have an effect
or
to make sure it was the antibiotic that had an effect
allow for comparison with the antibiotics
allow as a (experimental) control
do not accept as a control variable
1

(i) (antibiotic) A
no marks if wrong antibiotic given
1

any one from:

• (antibiotic A) had the largest clear area around it
• (antibiotic A) killed the most bacteria
1
[13]

Q4.
(a) (i) any one from:
• glucose
• oxygen
• carbon dioxide
• urea
• water
allow hormones
allow named example of a product of digestion
1

(ii) (cardiac) muscle

allow muscular
1

(b) (i) B
1

(ii) D atrium / atria

ignore references to left or right
1

E ventricle(s)

Page 24 of 28
 ignore references to left or right
1

(c) (i) a vein

1

(ii) an artery
1

(iii) keeps artery open / wider

allow ecf from part cii
1

(so) blood / oxygen can pass through (to the heart muscle)
1
[9]

Q5.
(a) (i)

one mark for each line

extra line negates a mark
3

(ii) any one from:

• carbon dioxide / CO2

• urea
do not allow urine
ignore water
ignore ions
1

(b) (i) B
1

(ii) D
1

(iii) vein
accept correct named
examples
1

Page 25 of 28
 (c) (i) any one from:

• keeps artery / blood vessel open or widens artery / blood vessel

• allows (more) blood to heart / cardiac muscle
• (allows) blood to flow more easily
• allows (more) oxygen to heart / cardiac muscle
1

(ii) any two from:

• bleeding
allow blood clots
• infection
• damaging blood vessels
• damaging the heart
• risk from anaesthetic
2
[10]

Q6.
(a) (i) artery
1

(ii) capillary
1

(b) alveoli
1

red blood cells

1

nucleus
1
[5]

Q7.
(a) capillaries
1

(b) (oxygen) in red blood cells or

haemoglobin
the candidate must make clear which substance is which for
2 marks
1

(carbon dioxide dissolved in) the plasma

accept in haemoglobin in regions of high carbon dioxide
concentration
accept for 1 mark oxygen + CO2 is transported by red blood
cells or haemoglobin
do not credit red + white blood cells or combinations of right
+ wrong answers
1

Page 26 of 28
 (c) one mark for each up to a maximum of three

red blood cells

award 1 mark for blood cells if no red or white

white blood cells (or named white blood cell up to 2)

platelets

urea
accept nitrogenous waste
do not credit waste substances or products

minerals (or one named mineral)

accept ions or salts

vitamins

water

hormones (named hormone up to 3)

protein (named blood proteins up to 2)

glucose
accept other named soluble sugar
do not credit sugar(s) or blood sugar or sucrose

fatty acids or glycerol

amino acids

digested food or nutrients (if individual foods not credited)

do not credit starch or carbohydrates
do not credit nutrition or food
do not credit oxygen
do not credit haemoglobin

carbon dioxide
accept nitrogen

antibodies

antitoxins

drugs or toxins (named up to 2)

bacteria or viruses

cholesterol
3
[6]

Q8.

Page 27 of 28
 red (blood cell)
1

platelet
1

white (blood cell)

1

plasma
1
[4]

Q9.

ticks or crosses on the RHS

[5]

Page 28 of 28