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Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 1304

Madjid Tavana
Nadia Nedjah
Reda Alhajj Editors

Emerging Trends
in Intelligent and
Interactive Systems
and Applications
Proceedings of the 5th International
Conference on Intelligent, Interactive
Systems and Applications (IISA2020)
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

Volume 1304

Series Editor
Janusz Kacprzyk, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Warsaw, Poland

Advisory Editors
Nikhil R. Pal, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
Rafael Bello Perez, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computing,
Universidad Central de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
Emilio S. Corchado, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
Hani Hagras, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,
University of Essex, Colchester, UK
László T. Kóczy, Department of Automation, Széchenyi István University,
Gyor, Hungary
Vladik Kreinovich, Department of Computer Science, University of Texas
at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
Chin-Teng Lin, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chiao
Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Jie Lu, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology,
University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Patricia Melin, Graduate Program of Computer Science, Tijuana Institute
of Technology, Tijuana, Mexico
Nadia Nedjah, Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rio de Janeiro,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Ngoc Thanh Nguyen , Faculty of Computer Science and Management,
Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
Jun Wang, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering,
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
The series “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” contains publications
on theory, applications, and design methods of Intelligent Systems and Intelligent
Computing. Virtually all disciplines such as engineering, natural sciences, computer
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The publications within “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” are
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More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11156

Madjid Tavana Nadia Nedjah
• •

Reda Alhajj
Editors

Emerging Trends
in Intelligent and Interactive
Systems and Applications
Proceedings of the 5th International
Conference on Intelligent, Interactive Systems
and Applications (IISA2020)

123
Editors
Madjid Tavana Nadia Nedjah
The Business Systems and Analytics Departamento de Engenharia Eletrônica e
Department Telecomunicações, Faculdade de Engenharia
La Salle University Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Philadelphia, PA, USA Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Reda Alhajj
Department of Computer Science
University of Calgary
Calgary, AB, Canada

ISSN 2194-5357 ISSN 2194-5365 (electronic)

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
ISBN 978-3-030-63783-5 ISBN 978-3-030-63784-2 (eBook)
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Preface

IISA 2020, the 5th International Conference on Intelligent, Interactive Systems and
Applications, provides a forum for presenting new results and developments, but—
maybe even more—a forum for vivid discussions among international specialists
from diverse areas and backgrounds. All submissions have been subjected to a
rigorous and tough peer-review process. The program committee has selected over
100 full papers. The proceedings are organized into nine topics on different sys-
tems’ orientations, such as analytical systems, database management systems,
electronics systems, energy systems, intelligent systems, network systems, opti-
mization systems, and pattern recognition systems and applications. It is note-
worthy to point out that several special issues will be published based on extended
versions of some of the best accepted and presented papers.
Research works on analytics systems investigate utility predominant to systems
in daily routines. They apply to many real-world applications, such as health care
systems and business-oriented systems. Analytic systems come at the intersections
of many computer science fields, such as information infrastructures, data analytics,
decision support systems, text analytics, and persuasive technologies. These sys-
tems are based mainly on analytic databases, which are at the heart of business
intelligence and big data analytics, and usually function as part of more extensive
data warehouses. They are popular because they offer faster query times, simpler
maintenance, and easier scalability due to their less volatile nature. Analytic sys-
tems usually consider metrics such as effectiveness, efficiency, usability, portability,
interpretability to determine the system’s impact. Nowadays, these systems collect
measurements from daily practices instead of only computational experiments. This
requires a significant software engineering effort before determining the analytic
system’s utility. Strategic research in the development of analytic systems consists
of improving transparency in the decision-making process. This proceedings reports
29 research works related to analytic systems.
Database management systems are essential to the development of efficient
information systems. Data management is the process of preparing, storing, orga-
nizing, and maintaining the data collected by an organization. Effective data
management is fundamental to run business applications and provide analytical

v
vi Preface

information that assets in guiding executive decision-making and strategic planning

business managers. Databases are the most common platform used to store cor-
porate data. They contain a collection of data that is structured so that it can be
managed, updated, and maintained effectively, yet efficiently. They are used in
transaction processing systems that create operational data, such as customer
records and sales orders, and data warehouses, which store consolidated data sets
from business systems for data analytics. Three research papers related to analytic
systems are included in this proceedings.
Electronics systems can be defined as a set of physical components that are
connected in a way that implements the prescribed functionality. In general, the
system relies on some input devices such as sensors to obtain information about the
situation, processes the collected data via electronic gates, to yield results in the
form of signals to be used to trigger some output actuators, such motors, to achieve
the intended function. Electronic control systems are also viewed as a process that
transforms one signal into another in order to give the desired system response.
Electronic systems may be analog using continuous signals in time or digital
handling only discrete signals in time. Of course, it is possible to have a hybrid
electronic system based on both continuous and digital signals and components.
Many real-world devices rely on an electronic control system. Related to electronic
systems, the reader may enjoy eleven papers reported in this proceedings.
Efficient solutions to energy-related problems form a significant challenge for
humanity in this century worldwide. Energy systems usually encompass power
systems and their optimization, power generation, power trading, electricity risk
management, among many other related aspects. Modeling is the best tool for
designing effective yet efficient energy systems, including issues such as process
optimization, synthesis, design, and operation. Nowadays, most of the research
efforts regarding energy systems focus on new and clean energy, such as photo-
voltaic and wind systems. Such power systems are engineered to supply
usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. They are composed of several such
components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity,
a solar inverter to convert the output from direct to alternating current, as well
as mounting, cabling, and other electrical accessories to set up an overall system.
There are also research initiatives regarding electric car designs. This proceedings
includes seven research papers related to efficient energy solutions.
Engineering concentrates mainly on finding and developing a new efficient
solution to real-world problems. Engineering intelligent systems are one way to find
these solutions. It is based on computing and artificial intelligence. In most solu-
tions, an intelligent system senses and reacts to their environments. This type of
system usually includes a processing unit, such a general-purpose processor and/or
a dedicated one, to infer from the sensed data the right actions that should be
applied to the environment in order to achieve what the system is supposed to do.
Most intelligent systems are powered by a computational intelligence technique to
solve the hard problem at hand. There are many such techniques, such as artificial
neural networks, fuzzy logic, evolutionary computation, swarm intelligence, among
others. This proceedings reports 19 research papers on intelligent systems.
Preface vii

Network systems are all about automating the transfer of information from one
computer to another or from one part of the system to another. A fundamental shift
in technology and concepts made networking systems possible. They explore a
wide range of technology, specifically regarding software and hardware supporting
different kinds of network topology configurations, such as LANs, WANs, and Wi-
Fi networks. It is also noteworthy to point out the wireless sensor networks that
allow developing solutions for many engineering problems that are distributed by
their nature. Networked systems can also be regarded as high-performance com-
puting systems, wherein many cores and multicores complex architectures form the
foundation of the proposed solutions. This proceedings reports 16 research papers
on network systems.
Optimization is a well-established discipline. Many of the real-world engineer-
ing problems can be rendered as optimization problems of a cost function that
models all the behavior of the problem variables. In this case, one or several optimal
or pseudo-optimal solutions of the defined cost function are sought. The problems
considered are usually hard problems and cannot be solved using well-known
analytical techniques. Thus, researchers usually exploit iterative exploratory pro-
cesses to reach a good feasible solution to the problem at hand. Evolutionary and
swarm-based computationally intelligent methods are used for each goal. Also,
there is a lot of research work oriented toward finding good strategies to form the
core of the techniques that help in the optimization process. This proceedings
includes seven research works related to optimization systems.
Pattern recognition is the process of identifying patterns mostly by using
machine learning. Pattern recognition can be defined as the classification of data
based on prior knowledge about patterns that have their classes known. It is based
on recognizing some regularities in the presented data and attempting to configure a
model to recognize new patterns that have not been seen by the model. Pattern
recognition is a technique at the heart of many smart systems. Pattern recognition
systems are usually trained from known training data aiming at a general model that
is able to recognize unknown data. Machine learning is a fundamental tool for
pattern recognition. Computational vision is one of the fields that profits a large
spectrum from pattern recognition to advance the state-of-the-art regarding smart
system engineering. This proceedings reports four research papers on pattern
recognition systems.
All the aforementioned research topics are applied to engineers leading to better
and more efficient systems to advance the state-of-the-art toward a smarter human
life. Thus, this proceedings also bring forth many reports on successful applications,
ranging from abstract ones to more practical systems. This proceedings includes 24
applied research papers.
Besides the presentations of all the included diverse research works, the con-
ference program also features some interesting cutting-edges keynote presentations.
The plenary talks will focus on crucial topics that have recently attracted much
attention and will be presented by outstanding experts from the area. We believe all
participants will enjoy and benefit from the rich program.
viii Preface

It is a privilege and honor for us to participate in this edition of IISA 2020, and
we hope we will be with you once again next year for IISA 2021. It has also been a
rewarding experience, and we express our sincere thanks to all program committee
members for their cooperation in shaping the conference and running the refereeing
process. We highly appreciate the hard work and timely feedback from the
reviewers who did an excellent job. Last but not least, we would like to thank all the
authors, organizers, and participants for supporting IISA 2020. Thank you for your
time and effort in preparing and submitting your papers and your patience through
the long process. Your work is the backbone of the conference.
We wish you all a pleasant and fruitful meeting, and we look forward to your
submission to and participation in IISA 2021.

Madjid Tavana
Nadia Nedjah
Reda Alhajj
Contents

Analytical Systems
Consumer’s Optimal Decision and the Role of Insurance
in the Risk State—An Analytical Perspective Based on the Expected
Utility Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Wenting Cao
Correlation Analysis of Children’s Stroller Information . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Liu Xia, Chen Qianwen, Qiao Feng, and Pei Fei
Game on the Tacit Collusion of the Telecom Market Under
the Full-Business Operating Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Qiming Tang, Yongyao Chen, and Meijuan Li
Discussion on the Training Mode of Data Capability for Economics
and Management Majors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Guihua Han, Mintyu Lin, and Cuilin Li
Research on Service Quality Evaluation System of Automobile
Maintenance Enterprises Based on AHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Xiao Juan Yang, Shu Quan Xv, Fu Jia Liu, and Guo Fang Wu
A Method of Determining Membership Function in Fuzzy
Comprehensive Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Guoliang Dong, Chaozhou Chen, and Guofang Wu
Analysis of Computer Software Technology under Big
Data Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Lei Guiping
Research on ShadowsocksR Traffic Identification Based
on Xgboost Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Ji Qingbing, Deng Xiaoyan, Ni Lulin, and Lei Haijun

ix
x Contents

Research on the Relevance and VaR of GEM Market Based

on Vine Copula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Zhang Xin and Zou Yumei
Analysis of Internet Public Opinion on “Delayed Retirement
Age”–Based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Luo Yuting and Zhao Mingqing
Research on Service Evaluation of Automobile Inspection and Testing
Based on AHP - Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method . . . . . . . . . . 77
Chen Chaozhou, Xu Shuquan, and Liu Fujia
Analysis of Acoustic Features of Mongolian Long Tone . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Shuzhen Ma, Gegen Tana, and Axu Hu
Research on the Application of Fine Execution of Big Data
Empowering Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Jiejing Yao and Peng Hui
A Dynamic Correlation Method of Fragmented Web Resources . . . . . . 101
Haibo Hou, Qiurong Zhu, Yu Zhang, and Jiangbing Yang
A Robust Predictive Current Control for SPMSM Based
on Internal Model Disturbance Observer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Xiaoning Mu, Fanquan Zeng, Yang Zhou, Yebing Cui, and Yao Yao
Mathematical Model of Ship Collision Avoidance in Narrow Channel
Overtaking Situation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Keyin Miao, Renqiang Wang, Jianming Sun, and Hua Deng
Prediction and Analysis of Air Ticket Based on ARIMA Model . . . . . . 128
Qingyun Chi, Menglin Liu, and Bin Yang
A General Model for Publicly Verifiable Secret Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Wei Zhao and Feng Li
Popularity Prediction of Food Safety Internet Public Opinion Using
LSTM and Attention Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Bo Song, Xiaofen Gu, Junliang He, Wei Yan, and Tianjiao Zhang
A Monitoring Method of Power Wireless Private Network Based
on Distributed Big Data Stream Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Weijun Zheng, Junyu Liu, Zhe Liu, Jinghui Fang, Weiwu Qi,
and Quan Xiao
Research on Online Reputation of Goods Based
on Emotional Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Xiaotong Yan, Zhijie Zhao, Xiaowei Han, Zhipeng Fan, and Jialin Zhang
Contents xi

Feature Selection Method Based on Chi-Square Test

and Minimum Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Yuxian Wang and Changyin Zhou
An Approach to Stock Price Prediction Based on News
Sentiment Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Xiao Huang
A Stock Prediction Method Based on LSTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Sijie Zhou
Research on DTC Fuzzy PID Control of Permanent Magnet
Synchronous Motor Based on SVPWM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Menglin Ma and Mengda Li
The Research on Stock Price Prediction Based on Machine
Learning Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Shulue Xu
Research on Evaluation Model and Method of Comprehensive
Benefits for Multi-station Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Chen Jing, Zhang Yuyuan, Jin Qiang, Cui Kai, Yuan Fusheng,
and Zou Ying
Research on the Teaching Mode of Software Engineering in Colleges
and Universities Based on Big Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Huanqin Wu and Rucheng Ma
Application of Information Technology in New Energy Vehicles . . . . . . 229
Qing-an Li

Application
Study on the Attention Degree of Consumer Endowments
to Children’s Clothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Xia Liu, Shihong Duan, Yanhong Hu, Fei Pei, Bisong Liu, Qianwen Chen,
and Feng Qiao
Application-Oriented Talent Cultivation to Meet the Needs
of Cross-Border E-Commerce Positions—Take the Customer
Service Position as an Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Yi Jing
Research and Design of Stream Computing Framework Based
on Storm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Huanbin Wang and Yangjun Gao
xii Contents

Research on the Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of Large-

Scale Event_Cases of China Chengdu International Intangible
Cultural Heritage Festival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Xing Zeng
Review on the Application of Machine Vision Algorithms in Fruit
Grading Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Lin Kaiyan, Liu Chang, Si Huiping, Wu Junhui, and Chen Jie
Empirical Investigation on the Construction of E-Government
Performance Evaluation Model Based on BSC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Fang Du, Yongming Cao, and Fei Du
Analysis the Promotion of Computer to the Development
of Garment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Zhong Nana
Design of Positioning Orientation Movement APP Based on BDS . . . . . 296
Xi Zhang, Wenquan Zhang, Ying Li, Pengfei Liu, and Guangyue Li
A Comparative Study of Yes/No Question Intonation in Chinese
and English Speakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Qing Guo, Hongyan Wang, and Jeroen van de Weijer
Design of Virtual Training and Maintenance System for
Communication Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Deyi Sang, Xuepeng Jiang, Fuqiang Zong, and Xiao Zhang
The Status and Strategy of Rebuilding the Library Space Under
the “Internet+” Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Dong Na
Research of Blockchain-Based “Edge-Cloud” Collaborative Model,
System Architecture and Overall Layout for Railway Application . . . . . 321
Ma Jianjun, Wang Wanqi, Shen Haiyan, and Duan Jiaying
Study on the Special Vocalization Characteristics of Mongolian
Long Tone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Menghuan Wang, Shuzhen Ma, and Axu Hu
Experimental Study on Citation Tone of Dingxi Dialect
in Gansu Province . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Menghuan Wang, Shuzhen Ma, and Axu Hu
The Study on the Role of Phonetic and Shape Information
on Mongolian Students’ Recognition of a Chinese Word . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Axu Hu, Menghuan Wang, and Gegen Tana
Contents xiii

Value Added and Socialized Science Information Service

Based on Sci-Tech Novelty Retrieval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
Meilong Ju, Qing Zhang, Sumin Sun, Jian Xue, Lina Lou,
and Chengguo Xin
A Secure ECC-Based Authentication Scheme to Resist Replay
Attacks for the IoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Yuxiang Feng and Wei Liu
Application Integration Using Context Model Based on CIM . . . . . . . . 371
Wang Liyan, Chen Lei, Du Jian, and Lin Haili
Analysis of Laser-Induced Saturated Interferences on a Thermal
Imager at Different Incident Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Li Shengpeng and Xia Min
Demand Analysis and Application Prospect of 3D Video Fusion
Technology in Waterway Traffic Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Zhaohui Wu, Haihua Wang, Changxing Ren, Jing Deng, and Xiaobo Wu
Development Strategies of Tianjin’s Cultural and Creative Industry
(CCI) Based on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Coordinated
Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Nan Zhang and Xugao Qi
Application Research of Interaction Design in Human-Machine
Interface of Automobile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Caizhong Zhang
Architecture Design and Application Prospect of Predictive
Maintenance Based on Multi-station Integration Edge Computing
in Power Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Fusheng Yuan, Qiang Li, Xian Sun, Zhuo Huang, Jing Chen,
and Ying Zou
Application Research of a New Practical Transmission Device . . . . . . . 426
Weiwen Ye

Database Management Systems

Research on Information Management of Gas Engineering Project
in Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Jing Wan
A New Accountable Data Sharing Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
Jia Fan, Yunfei Cao, and Yili Luo
The Automated Operation and Maintenance Solution for Cloud
Data Centers Based on Multi-station Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
Qiang Li, Fusheng Yuan, Jing Chen, Shengxi Shi, and Shilong Xu
xiv Contents

Electronics Systems
Research on Component Level Test System of TCAS Circuit Board
Fault Diagnosis System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Xiaomin Xie, Kun Hu, Ying Hong, and Jianghuai Du
Development of a HoloLens Mixed Reality Training System
for Drop-Out Fuse Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
Chibing Gong, Deyun Ye, and Ruiling Xie
Comparative Study of Theoretical Analysis and Physical Analysis
of Single Tube Amplifier Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Hanhong Tan, Zhoulin Chang, and Yanfei Teng
Design of the Bus Support Capacitor in Servo Drive Controller
Based on PMSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
Yao Yao, Dawei Gu, Yebing Cui, Shuwei Song, and Fanquan Zeng
Effect of Distributed Generation Grid-Connection on Line Loss
in Low-Voltage Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Weiru Wang, Xincong Shi, Jie Hao, Mengzan Li, Xinyuan Liu,
Yifan Zhang, and Jun Pi
Design and Realization of a GNSS Receiver Test Equipment . . . . . . . . . 499
Wenquan Zhang, Ying Li, Zhe Li, and Yuhai Li
Resonance Suppression of Position Servo System Based on Improved
Notch Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
Shuheng Chen, Wei Feng, Fanquan Zeng, Yaoyao Wang,
and Jiangxianfeng Tian
Design and Implementation of Digital DC Servo System Hardware . . . . 513
Rui Zhang, Zhixin Cheng, Baomei Xu, and Xuebing Liao
A Small-Scale Current Sensor Scheme of Single-Loop Double-
Winding Fluxgate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
Xin Zhang, Aiming Zhao, Yawei Shi, Ronghui Hu, and Shuaishuai Zhao
ADRC-Based Wind Turbine Pitch Control Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
Jiabao He and Jianguo Li
Research on Terminal Overvoltage Protection of Direct Drive
Permanent Magnet Wind Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
Linzhao Hao, Xia Liu, Chuan Jiang, Qinghua Zheng, and Wen Jing Li

Energy Systems
Analysis of Vehicle Energy Storage Brake Energy Recovery System . . . 547
Zhiqiang Xu
Contents xv

Discussion on Human Body Energy Collection

and Power Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
Libo Yang
DIY Parallel Corpora for Petroleum Production Engineering
and Its Academic Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Pengpeng Gao
Two-Speed Pure Electric Vehicle AMT Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
Liu Wenguang, Bi Shanshan, and Su Zhaorui
Study on Urban Energy Internet and Its Influence Factor
Analysis Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574
Yifan Zhang, Jie Hao, Weiru Wang, Yunfeng Zhao, and Danyang Chen
Discussion on Safety Performance of Pressure Resistant Fuel Tank . . . . 584
He Yongao and Yin Wei
Analysis on Vibration Characteristics of Spring Passive Valve
High-Pressure Long-Distance Slime Paste Pipeline Transportation . . . . 596
Lyu Fuyan, Xiaohui Hou, Li Sun, Li Chunzhi, and Jia Xuankai

Intelligent Systems
Research on Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Board Circuit Based
on Expert Case Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
Xiaomin Xie, Kun Hu, Ying Hong, Boli Yu, and Jianghuai Du
Analysis of Key Technical Problems in Internet of Vehicles
and Autopilot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614
Yongqiu Liu
Research and Development Housing Rental System with
Recommendation System Based on SpringBoot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619
Yaozhang Li, Sheng Gao, Weisheng Wu, Peifeng Xie, and Hao Xia
Design of Intelligent Recommendation System of Smart Library
Under Big Data Environment and Its Application Research
in Applied University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628
Weining Huang
A top-N Recommendation Approach Based on Reliable Users . . . . . . . . 635
Dongyan Jia, Shengnan Gao, Jiayin Feng, Jinling Song, and Gang Wang
A Safety Distance Automatic Control Algorithm for Intelligent
Driver Assistance System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
Guiru Liu and Lulin Wang
Emotional Cues Recognition in Natural Speech
by Chinese Speakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
Yifei Wang
xvi Contents

Research on Fault Diagnosis Expert System of On-board Radio

of a Certain Armored Vehicle Based on CLIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660
Changhong Gong, Xiao Ming, and Lingxiang Xia
Research on Course Recommendation System Based
on Artificial Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
Fuqiang Zong, Deyi San, and Weicheng Cui
Design of ZigBee-Based Control System of Urban Intelligent
Street Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
Fan Gao and Hua Jin
Intelligent University Identity Identification System Based
on FaceNet and FSRNet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680
Zewen Zheng, Yinghuai Yu, and Chengkun Song
A Novel Group Key Management Protocol Based on Secure Key
Calculation Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
Lijun Zhang and Cheng Tan
Personalized Custom Clothing for Intelligent Interaction Design . . . . . . 698
Yanxue Wang and Zhengdong Liu
Application of Automatic Text-Classification Algorithm Based
on Feature Extraction for Intelligent System of Transportation
Knowledge Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710
Li Zhang, Han Zhang, Peihong Yang, and Zhaoqiang Cai
Research on Intelligent Decision Support System Framework
for Deep-Sea Emergency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
Kun Lang and Mingming Zhang
An Intelligent TEV Sensor for Partial Discharge Detection of Cable
Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725
Chen Shen, Xiaochun Bai, Yan Jing, Jiangang Ma, Ming Ren,
Tianxin Zhuang, and Changjie Xia
The Remote Voice Detector Design by a Laser Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . 733
Tongliang Fan and Yandong Sun
GDA-Based Tutor Module of an Intelligent Tutoring System
for the Personalization of Pedagogic Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742
Adán Gómez, Laura Márquez, Heider Zapa, and María Florez
Automatic Lane Recognition for Surveillance at Road Intersections . . . 751
Fanlei Min, Guan Wang, Liantao Wang, and Jing Liu
Contents xvii

Network Systems
A Multi-factor Reputation Evaluation Model of Vehicular Network . . . 763
Huang Yue, Qin Guihe, Liu Tong, Huang Wei, and Meng Chengxun
Design of Network Information System Equipment Health
Management Software based on Combat Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771
Yuwen Liu, Hongtu Cai, Pengfei Ma, Yonghui Xu, and Yaoze Han
A Network Attack Recognition Method Based on Probability
Target Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778
Ying Liu and Yuefeng Zheng
A Systematic Review Study on Research Challenges, Opportunities,
Threats and Limitations in Underwater Wireless Sensor
Networks (UWSNs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786
Syed Agha Hassnain Mohsan, Sardar Shan Ali Naqvi, Farhad Banoori,
Muhammad Irbaz Siddique, Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi,
Frederick Nii Ofie Bruce, and Alireza Mazinani
Synchronization Behavior of a Class of Oscillator Networks
with Weighting Exponent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798
Junqing Feng, Guohong Liang, and Lixin Yang
Impact of Circular Field in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks . . . . 803
Syed Agha Hassnain Mohsan, Muhammad Hammad Akhtar,
Md. Israq Aziz, Md. Mehedi Hasan, Maryam Pervez, Asad Islam,
and Farhad Banoori
Investigation and Design of Multi-wavelength LED Based Optical
Communication System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815
Syed Agha Hassnain Mohsan, Mirha Malik, Shanzay Khan, Asad Islam,
Hammad Akhtar, Laraba Selsabil Rokia, and Muzammil Zubair
Research on High-Speed Data Acquisition System Based on PCIE . . . . 826
Xinxin Sun, Jun Yang, Juan Li, Fenxian Tian, and Shengkai Wang
Impact of Transmission Power Control Mechanism in Underwater
Wireless Sensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836
Syed Agha Hassnain Mohsan, Asad Islam, Syed Basharat Hussain,
Alireza Mazinani, E. L. Hacen Alioune, Md. Israq Aziz, and Naqeeb Ullah
Design and Implementation of Deep-Sea Emergency
Response System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847
Wei Cong
Research on Component Classification Strategy Based
on Convolutional Neural Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857
Mei Guo, Min Xiao, and Wenfen Zhang
xviii Contents

Research on Multi-label Clothing Image Classification Based

on Convolutional Neural Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863
Ying Hong
Partition-Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless
Sensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871
Jia Yanfei, Xing Liyun, Guo Shuaichao, and Zhao Liquan
Design of Remote Control Signal Hijacking Device Based
on Microcomputer System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877
Tongliang Fan and Yandong Sun
Design and Implementation of Simple Radio Signal Transmitter . . . . . . 885
Yandong Sun and Tongliang Fan
Multi-station Integration-Based Coordinated Control for Voltage
Support in Active Distribution Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893
Ma Weijing, Jin Qiang, Li Qiang, Chen Jing, Yuan Fusheng, Xu Jian,
and Chen Yufeng

Optimization Systems
Scheme to Optimize and Improve the Stepped Structured Sleeve
Hydraulic Cylinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907
Taiping Xie and Zhiqiang Zhao
Optimization Algorithm of Pigeon Flight Path Location Based
on Least Square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916
Cong Wen, Zhenping Lan, Yijie Zhang, Ping Li, and Yuru Wang
Multi-Colony Ant Algorithm Applied to the Yangtze Gorges Ship
Lock Arrangement Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925
Ruijie Liu, Qiang Lin, Lijuan Wang, Lin Li, and Can Wang
Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Based on Multi-scale
Decomposition and Gradient Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932
Siyan Zhang, Guangming Zhou, and Di Chen
Novel Bayesian Network Incremental Learning Method Based
on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941
Yunnan Ling, Neng Yang, Haitao Yu, and Yungang Zhu
Feed Formulation Cost Optimization Based on the Improved
Genetic Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948
Yao Juan, Xu Wang, Zhang Cheng, and Tian Fang
Vehicle Disposition and Routing Optimization of Reverse Logistics
Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957
Shengping Zhao, Jingrui Li, and Jing Wang
Contents xix

Pattern Recognition Systems

Two-Stage Fusion of Local Binary Pattern and Discrete Cosine
Transform for Infrared and Visible Face Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967
Zhihua Xie, Ling Shi, and Yi Li
Illustration and Identification of Skin Lesions in Dermoscopic
Dataset Using Pattern Recognition Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 976
Syeda Tooba Haider, Syed Basharat Hussain, Amreen Batool,
Laraba Selsabil Rokia, Syed Agha Hassnain Mohsan,
Muhammad Abubakar Sadiq, and Mazahir Saleem
Cartoon Zero-Watermark Method Based on Edge Contourlet
Feature and Visual Cryptography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984
Dongxing Li, De Li, and Hua Jin
Removing Cloud from Remote Sensing Digital Images Based
on Anisotropic Kernel Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991
Guohong Liang and Junqing Feng

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997

Analytical Systems
 Consumer’s Optimal Decision and the Role
of Insurance in the Risk State—An Analytical
Perspective Based on the Expected Utility
Function

Wenting Cao1,2(&)
1
School of Economics and Management, Yunnan Normal University,
Kunming 650500, China
[email protected]
2
School of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China

Abstract. This paper starting from the hypothesis of “rational economic man”,
establishes a simple insurance decision model and combines the expected utility
function to analyze the function and social value of insurance. The conclusion is
as follows: Since the utility of definite income is greater than the utility of
expected income under uncertain conditions, the purchase of insurance can
enhance the welfare of the individual. Risk averse consumer purchases insur-
ance is a rational economic behavior, there is a promotion in utility for indi-
viduals, and an improvement in welfare for society. Insurance companies should
fully diversify risks and reduce the moral hazard of insurance contracts, so as to
promote the effective operation of the insurance market.

Keywords: Expected utility function
Risk averse
Insurers’ behavior

Policyholders’ behavior
Insurance decision

1 Introduction

Insurance is a financial system arrangement based on economic security. Currently, the

insurance industry manages risk by using engineering models and actuarial experience
(Weimin Dong [1]). The purpose of insurance is to diversify and reduce risk. (Kun-
reuther H [2]). Insurance is sometimes compared to gambling, but from an economic
point of view, the two functions are completely opposite. Gambling creates new risks,
and insurance eliminates or greatly reduces existing risks. Just as architects can play an
important role in helping society become more resilient (Roaf, S., Crichton, D. &
Nicol, F [3]), so do insurance companies (Crichton, D [4]). The insurance industry has
an increasingly important role in helping society to adapt and become more resilient
(Crichton, D [5]). Currently, some ways in which insurers can help are: Assistance with
identifying areas at risk; Catastrophe modelling; Economic incentives to discourage
construction in the flood plain etc. (Crichton D [6]). From an individual’s point of
view, consumers replace large uncertain losses with small costs (insurance fees), and
such losses will exist without insurance. In general, Insurance has the macro social
utility and the micro utility of economic compensation. Based on the assumption of a

© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021

M. Tavana et al. (Eds.): IISA 2020, AISC 1304, pp. 3–10, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63784-2_1
4 W. Cao

rational economic person, this paper establishes a simple insurance decision-making

model, combines the expected utility function to analyze the function and social value
of insurance, and obtains relevant inspirations on how to promote the efficient opera-
tion of the insurance market.

2 Overview of Expected Utility Functions

2.1 Expression of Expected Utility Function
The economy consists of a group of economic participants (individual, family, enter-
prise, government, etc.). A participant’s economic needs are described by his prefer-
ence for different consumption plans (The consumption plan refers to the possible
consumption choices of consumers. It depends on the future state of the economy and
thus contains different realization values), which is the participant’s ranking of all
possible consumption plans. Another way of expressing preferences is the utility
function. The utility function U depends on the probability of future states and the
preference for consumption in different states. The expected utility function is the
expected value of utility of different consumption paths (Consumption path refers to a
specific realization value of a consumption plan, such as (c0 , c1w ) called a consumption
path), that is, the utility of uncertain consumption plans. Since each consumption path
corresponds to a possible state, and each state is mutually exclusive, the occurrence of
one state means that the other states have not occurred. Therefore, the expected utility
function has a very intuitive explanation: the utility obtained by consumption in an
uncertain state is the weighted average of the utility obtained by the consumption path
in each possible state, and the weight is the probability of the occurrence of the
corresponding state. The expected utility function can be simply expressed as:
E ½U ðW Þ ¼ U ðp; W1 ; W2 Þ ¼ pU ðW1 Þ þ ð1  pÞU ðW2 Þ. If the uncertain event has n
uncertain results: W1 ; W2 ; . . .Wn , And there are n corresponding probabilities:
p1 ; p2 ; . . .pn , The expected utility function can be written as: E ½U ðW Þ ¼
P
n
U ðp1 ; p2 ; . . .pn ; W1 ; W2 ; . . .Wn Þ ¼ pi  U ðWi Þ.
i¼1

2.2 Expected Utility Functions for Different Risk Preferences

In reality, people have different attitudes towards risk. Some people are very cautious in
their work and will take some risk management measures (such as purchasing insur-
ance) for future uncertain events. Some people have a strong tolerance for risk and are
willing to participate in various forms of gambling. Still others have an indifferent
attitude towards risk, neither have a preference nor aversion.
(1) The expected utility function of a risk averse buyer. If a person is a risk consumer
in an uncertain event, the utility of his expected value is greater than his expected
utility, that is: U ½pW1 þ ð1  pÞW2  [ pU ðW1 Þ þ ð1  pÞU  ðW2 Þ. The expected
utility function at this time is strictly concave, that is, d U dW 2 \0, The con-
2

sumer is a risk averse person.

 Consumer’s Optimal Decision and the Role of Insurance in the Risk State 5

(2) The expected utility function of a risk preference person, if a person is a risk
preference consumer in an uncertain event, the utility of his expected value is less
than his expected utility, that is: U ½pW1 þ ð1  pÞW2 \pU ðW1 Þ þ ð1  pÞ
U ðW2 Þ. The expected utility function at this time is strictly convex. that is
d 2 U dW 2 [ 0, The consumer is a risk preference person.
(3) The expected utility function of a risk neutral person. For a risk neutral consumer,
the utility of his expected value is equal to his expected utility, that is:
U ½pW1 þ ð1  pÞW2  ¼ pU ðW1 Þ þ ð1 pÞU ðW2 Þ. The utility function at this
time is a linear function, that is d 2 U dW 2 ¼ 0.

3 Analysis of Insurance Decision Based on Expected Utility

Function

In economics, risk averse buyer is considered a typical feature of human beings.

A normative model of choice, such as expected utility theory, implies that risk averse
consumers should value insurance, as it protects them against large losses relative to
their wealth (Kunreuther H [2]). Does buying insurance improve the level of welfare
for individuals? First, establish a simple insurance decision model, analyze how the
premium rate and insurance amount are determined from the perspective of the
insurance company (insurer) and consumer (policyholder), and then place it in the
expected utility function of risk averse buyer, comparing the utility brought by different
decision results.

3.1 Simple Insurance Decision Model

First, define the meaning of each variable in the simple insurance decision model.
Suppose someone has a family wealth of W. If there is a risk (such as fire, theft, car
accident, etc.), his wealth will suffer losses. Assume that the loss of wealth due to a risk
is L, and the probability of such loss (risk) occurring is p. If the consumer has not
purchased insurance in advance, his expected utility is E ðU Þ ¼ ð1  pÞ  U ðW Þ þ
p  U ðW  LÞ. If the consumer has purchased insurance in advance (the insurance
amount is K, the premium rate is c, and the premium paid is cK), the consumer will get
two results: No risk encountered (no loss occurred), his property is W1 ¼ W  cK;
Risk occurred (loss suffered) and his property is W2 ¼ W  L þ K  cK.
(1) Insurer Decision: How to Determine Premium Rates c
As a rational economic entity, insurance company still follows the principle of profit
maximization when making decisions. The profit of insurance company mainly comes
from premium income, and the pricing of insurance products is a key issue in the
decision-making process of insurance company. No matter whether the policyholder is
out of insurance or not, the insurance company can always get the premium income of
cK. Suppose there are a large number of consumers insured in the society, and the risks
faced by each consumer are independent of each other. The insurance company’s
expected profit from each consumer is p  ðcK  K Þ þ ð1  pÞ  cK ¼ cK  pK. If
6 W. Cao

there are n consumers insured, the profit of the insurance company is n  ðcK  pK Þ.
Since there are many insurance companies in the insurance market, assuming that there
is no threshold to restrict the entry and exit of the insurance industry, the insurance
market can be approximated as a perfect competition market. Competition transfers
capital from the department with low profit to the department with high profit. Finally,
the economic profit of each enterprise in the perfect competition market is zero. The
profit of the insurance company is zero, that is n  ðcK  pK Þ ¼ 0, And then introduce
c ¼ p, That is, the insurance premium rate is equal to the probability that the insured
person will suffer a total loss. This means that insurance company provides customers
with a completely “fair” insurance premium rate under intense competitive pressure. In
fact, this hypothesis has also been verified in reality. Many insurance companies with
strong strengths, wide business and cross-regional spread their risks sufficiently, and
the insurance premium rates they provide are very close to “fair” rates.
(2) Policyholder Decision: How to Determine the Amount of Insurance K
As a rational economic person, the policyholder still follows the principle of profit
maximization when making decisions. The policyholder’s expected utility function is
E ðU Þ ¼ ð1  pÞ  U ðW  cK Þ þ p  U ðW  L þ K  cK Þ. In order to maximize the
expected utility of the policyholder, let @E ðU Þ=@K ¼ 0. get cð1  pÞU 0 ðW  cK Þ þ
ð1  cÞpU 0 ðW  L þ K  cK Þ ¼ 0. Since insurance company uses “fair” insurance
premium rate (c ¼ p), get U 0 ðW  cK Þ ¼ U 0 ðW  L þ K  cK Þ. As a risk averse
person, his expected utility function is concave, the second derivative is negative, and
the expected utility function is monotone with diminishing marginal utility. Since it is a
monotonic form of function, equal marginal utility means that the amount of property
on both sides of the equation is also equal, that is W  cK ¼ W  L þ K  cK, Thus
introduce K ¼ L. This means that when insurance company is pricing at “fair”
insurance premium rate, risk averse buyer fully insures the property that may suffer
losses (insurance amount = loss amount).

3.2 Insurance Decision Analysis Based on Expected Utility Function

A large number of statistics show that most people are risk averse consumers in most
cases. Suppose a consumer is a risk averse buyer, and his expected utility function is
shown in Fig. 1. Suppose the consumer has two different income W1 and W2 , his
expected value is EðW Þ ¼ pW1 þ ð1  pÞW2 , and the corresponding utility value is
U ½E ðW Þ ¼ C, this is a level of utility at a risk-free income. At the same time, the
expected utility corresponding to the two incomes W1 and W2 is U ðW Þ ¼ pU ðW1 Þ þ
ð1  pÞU ðW2 Þ, this is a level of utility at risk, and the expected utility is some linear
combination of U ðW1 Þ and U ðW2 Þ. The value of the linear combination (the value of
the expected utility) must be located at a point on the line AB (such as the T point). No
matter where it is located, the corresponding utility value (S point) is lower than
U ½E ðW Þ (the utility value corresponding to the C point). Figure 1 clearly shows that
line AB is located below the utility function. The expected utility of W1 and W2 is
U ðW Þ ¼ pU ðW1 Þ þ ð1  pÞU ðW2 Þ, which always corresponds to a certain income CE.
Simultaneously the income of E ðW Þ ¼ pW1 þ ð1  pÞW2 can also be regarded as a
 Consumer’s Optimal Decision and the Role of Insurance in the Risk State 7

certain value. The risk premium is regarded as the difference between EðW Þ and CE
(P ¼ EðW Þ  CE), which can be seen as the price paid by consumer for risk.

Fig. 1. Risk premium for risk averse buyer

For a consumer, if he does not encounter any risk after the insurance application,
the premium already paid is cK and his property is W  cK. If he encounters risks after
he insures, his property is W  L þ K  cK ¼ W  cK (because K ¼ L). Therefore,
regardless of whether or not the consumer encounters risks after insurance, his property
is W  cK. If the consumer refuses to buy insurance, the loss due to risk is L, and the
probability of risk occurring is p(p ¼ c). The expected income of the person who is not
willing to buy insurance is W  pL ¼ W  cK. Although the number is the same as the
consumer who bought the insurance, W  cK is the expected value under an uncertain
condition. For a risk averse person, the expected utility function is strictly concave. The
utility corresponding to W  cK under certain conditions is greater than the utility
under uncertain conditions, that is U ðW  cK Þ [ pU ðW  LÞ þ ð1  pÞU ðW Þ. So for
individuals, purchasing insurance can increase their benefits (Fig. 2).

Fig. 2. Comparison of insurance decisions based on expected utility function

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were thrown at him. This roused his ire, and he said,
"Waal, Mister Speaker, I don't know whether we be votin' fer or agin the
sentiments of my brethern here; but you and me, I reckon, are in the
minority."

ART INFLUENCE.

This pretty picture on the

wall,
With billows rolling free,
Is full of white clouds in the
sky
And white sails on the sea.

And so I'll sit upon the rug

With pail and spade in
hand,
And dream that on the silver
shore
I'm digging in the sand.

R
. K. M.

During a speech at a political dinner in a small Western city, not long ago, a
Jingo orator, to the great amusement of his hearers, remarked that "The
British lion, whether he is roaming the deserts of India or climbing the forests
of Canada, will not draw in his horns nor retire into his shell."

A RAINY DAY MEANS NO BALL.

Cameron. "Papa, I'm saving up for a fine day."

Papa. "Why are you doing that?"
Cameron. "So that I can go to a ball match when I have saved up enough."

THEIR ONLY TROUBLE.

"There's only one trouble about blowing bubbles, mamma," said little Conrad,
the other day, "and that is that they always blow out."

An Irish laborer boarded a street-car, and handed to the conductor a rather

dilapidated-looking coin in payment of his fare. The conductor looked at it
critically, and handed it back.
"That's tin," he said.
"Shure, I thought it was foive," answered the Irishman, complacently, as he
put the piece back in his pocket and produced a nickel.

The magazine containing Mrs. Reynolds's first story lay on the sitting-room
table.
Her son, who was at an age to be seriously afflicted with the big head, took
it up, and glanced over it rather contemptuously.
"Mamma," he said, "why don't you write for a first-class magazine? I see that
this thing is entered through the mails as second-class matter."

A QUESTION IN NATURAL HISTORY.

"The cat is a little tiger,

I know very well," said
Willie.
 "But how is it that the cat-tail
Is never a tiger-lily?"

NOT GENUINE.

Tommy. "This new spaniel won't go near the water!"

Papa. "I wonder what's the matter with him?"
Tommy. "I guess he isn't waterproof."

"Talking about treacle," said the old salt, as he hoisted himself off the
molasses barrel to make way for the grocer to supply a customer's wants,
"thet reminds me of a little scrimmage we had with a pirate slaver in '42.
"We had the coast-line of Africy a blue streak off to the starboard, and we
were er spankin' along with every blessed stitch of canvas drawin' when we
sighted one er them pirate slavers er bearin' down on us. Capen took a
squint through the glass and whistled. 'We'll give him er run fer it,' said he.
"Waal, that chap kep' after us all day, and we tried to slip his lights during
the night, but 'twarn't no use. He made up his mind to foller, and he did, day
after day. At last we got well down to the cape when er blow came up, and,
great guns! it wuz er blow fer certain. It caught us, and drove us plumb into
the antarctic circle, with that pirate right after us. That made the Captain
mad, and as we had er cargo of molasses on board, he gave the order to
uncover the rear hatch and hoist the barrels on deck.
"Blow me if he didn't broach those barrels thet night, and empty them over
the starn. The nest day there wuz that pirate stuck fast in the centre of the
molasses, where he had sailed. It had froze during the night, and he was
anchored in it just the same as if he wuz nipped in an ice-floe. Then we
squared around and headed for the cape. As we passed him the Captain
shouts out:
"'Ahoy, there! Cold weather fer merlasses, ain't it?' and they shook their fists
and yelled, but we left them, and I guess they're there yet."
 FOOTNOTES:
[1] Begun in Harper's Round Table No. 857.
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S ROUND
TABLE, MAY 12, 1896 ***

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