1.In many places, parents give more importance to boys’ education than girls’ education.

Girls often study for a few years but may not finish their schooling. This stops girls from
having better opportunities in life.

In Himachal Pradesh, parents treat boys and girls equally when it comes to education. They
want their daughters to study as much as their sons. This shows a positive and fair attitude
toward girls’ education.

Himachal Pradesh is a good example for other places to follow. When girls get equal
education, they can achieve great things and help society. It is important for all parents to
support education for both boys and girls.

2.The service sector in India is growing, but not all services are growing equally. Some
services need highly skilled and educated workers, but these jobs are limited.

On the other hand, many workers are involved in simple services like shopkeeping,
repairing, and transport. These jobs need less skill and education but employ a large number
of people.

This shows that while the service sector is expanding, it is not providing enough skilled and
high-paying jobs for everyone. Many workers still do low-income and less secure jobs.

3. The organized sector provides the most desirable jobs with better pay and benefits.
However, job opportunities in this sector are growing very slowly.

Because of this, many workers cannot find jobs in the organized sector. They are forced to
work in the unorganized sector, where jobs have low salaries and fewer benefits.

This situation shows that slow growth in the organized sector is leading to low-income and
insecure jobs for many workers in the unorganized sector.

4. .Developed countries are economically advanced and industrialized, while developing

countries are less industrialized. They disagree on reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Developed countries want developing countries to reduce burning coal and other polluting
activities. However, developing countries argue that developed countries became advanced
by using fossil fuels when they were developing.

This disagreement shows that developing countries feel it is unfair to limit their growth while
developed countries have already benefited from fossil fuel use.

5. Water is a basic need, and everyone should have equal access to it. Just like roads,
rivers, and parks, underground water should be treated as public property. It belongs to all
people, not just a few.
Some state governments are starting to recognize water as a shared resource, but this idea
is not yet common everywhere. Many people and industries still overuse or control water
unfairly.

It is important for all states to treat water as a public resource. This can ensure fair access,
prevent overuse, and protect water sources for the future.

6. Medical research shows that girls are naturally stronger and can survive better than boys
in similar conditions. So, if there was no discrimination, the number of girls would be equal to
or more than boys.

However, the 2011 Census shows that the sex ratio for the 0-6 age group was 919 girls for
every 1000 boys. This low ratio means many girls are not surviving due to neglect or
discrimination.

This situation shows the need to stop discrimination against girls and ensure equal care and
opportunities for both boys and girls.

7. Increased urbanization leads to more use of non-degradable materials, creating a lot of

waste. This waste needs proper disposal to avoid pollution.

As cities grow, they often send their waste to rural areas. Sometimes, it is just dumped
without proper treatment, causing harm to the environment and people.

This problem shows the need for better waste management systems. Cities should reduce
waste, recycle more, and treat waste properly instead of harming rural areas.

8. Globalization has brought benefits, but they are not shared equally. Rich consumers,
skilled workers, and large producers have gained the most. Technology-based services have
also grown.

However, many small producers and workers have suffered. They have lost jobs, and their
rights as workers have weakened. This has made life difficult for them.

This situation shows that globalization needs to be fairer. Support and protection should be
given to small producers and workers so they can benefit too.

9. In 1991, India made big policy changes to encourage competition. The government
wanted Indian producers to compete with global producers.

This competition pushed Indian producers to improve the quality of their products. It helped
them become stronger and more efficient.

These changes aimed to make India’s economy stronger and more open. It helped Indian
businesses grow and compete internationally.

10. Many people in India are malnourished or hungry, even though the country has enough
food. This situation is unfair and must be addressed.
The problem of food security needs serious attention. It requires proper planning and actions
to make sure food reaches everyone.

Efforts should focus on better food distribution, reducing wastage, and supporting the poor.
This can help ensure that no one goes hungry.

11. Industrialization has given people many material comforts and improved lives. However,
it has also caused serious problems for the environment.

Natural resources are being overused, and pollution from industries is harming the air, water,
and soil. This has even led to climate change, which affects everyone.

It is important to find a balance between development and protecting nature. Sustainable

practices can help save resources and protect the environment.

12. In the early 1990s, there was a lot of unrest in the Niger Delta region. People were
unhappy about the damage to the environment caused by oil activities.

Different ethnic groups started asking for compensation for the ecological harm done to their
land. They also wanted more control over the oil resources in their region.

This situation showed the need for fair treatment, environmental protection, and sharing
benefits from natural resources with local communities.

13. When Indians started revolting against British rule, the British were worried. They
wanted to weaken the Congress and make it unpopular among the people.

The British questioned the Congress’s right to represent the Indian people. They tried to
create doubts and divide the people.

To control the situation, the British used the "Divide and Rule" policy more strictly. This policy
aimed to create divisions among Indians to weaken their struggle for freedom.

14. The Constitution of India has many provisions to bring social change. One example is
the abolition of untouchability and reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

The makers of the Constitution knew that just giving equal rights was not enough to remove
the injustice faced by these groups for many years. Reservations were meant to help them
get fair opportunities and true voting rights.

These measures aim to uplift marginalized groups and ensure real equality in society. They
help reduce the effects of long-standing discrimination.

15. India is a large country with a huge population, so it is not possible for everyone to
gather and make decisions together. This is why elections are needed.
Elections allow people to choose their leaders who make decisions on their behalf. This
system ensures that everyone’s voice is heard.

India is the largest democratic country in the world, where people freely elect their
representatives through regular elections.

16. Land reforms in India were not fully successful. The Zamindari System was abolished,
but land was not properly redistributed to the landless.

The rich and powerful people in rural areas continued to control most of the land. As a result,
the poor, especially Dalits, remained landless.

This shows that land reforms were not implemented effectively, and the goal of giving land to
the needy was not achieved.

17. The UN has done good work in education, health, cultural exchange, and heritage
protection. These efforts have helped many people worldwide.

However, the UN has not been very successful in stopping wars. Powerful countries often
use their influence to control decisions, making it hard for the UN to act freely.

This shows that while the UN is helpful in some areas, it needs to be stronger and more
independent to prevent wars effectively.