SACRED HEART HIGH SCHOOL, AKA OFFOT, UYO, AKWA IBOM STATE

LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK THREE (3) ENDING MAY 16, 2025
DATE SUBJECT CLASS LESSONS & TOPICS PERIOD DURATION
May 12 - Basic JS2 GEARS 3 40 Minutes
16, 2025 Technology - Definition of gears
- Types of gears
- Uses of gears
- Lubrication in gears
Basic JS3 BASIC ELECTRONICS (11) 3 40 Minutes
Technology
Technical SS1 TRUE LENGTH AND SURFACE 2 40 Minutes
Drawing DEVELOPMENT (2)
- Meaning and applications
of development
- Surface development of
full and truncated solids
Technical SS2 SAME AS WEEK 2
Drawing

NOTES OF LESSON FOR WEEK THREE (3) ENDING MAY 16, 2025
Date: May 12 - 16, 2025
Subject: Basic Technology
Topic: Gears
Class: JS2
Gender: Mixed
Age: 11+ years
Duration: 40 Minutes
Behavioural Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
i. Define gear
ii. Highlight types of gears
iii. State uses of gears
iv. Explain lubrication in gears
Previous knowledge: The students have basic understanding of how gears are used in relation to speed in
everyday applications such as in bicycles, motorcycles, cars and other machines.
Instructional materials: Printed pictures of various types of gears, non-digital clock, cardboard models
of gear profiles, related online materials, Basic Science and Technology textbook 2.
Entry Behaviour: The teacher enters the class holding a non-digital clock along with printed pictures of
their internal components and displays same before the students. He asks the students to identify the
devices. This arouses their interests towards the lesson.
Introduction: Gears are wheels that have teeth used to transmit rotational motion from one shaft to
another. They are also used to change speed, torque and direction of rotation. In this lesson, the students
will learn about gears as not just a device to change or regulate speeds, different types of gears and gear
profiles as well as uses of gears.
Presentation
STEP 1: GEARS
A gear is a wheel with teeth around its rim that mesh with the teeth of another wheel to transmit motion
by changing speeds and direction. They are used in machines to make work faster, easier and more eff.

OPERATION
When two gears mesh, one is the driver and the other becomes the driven i.e., when one gear turns it
makes the other turns too. A gear is a driver gear because the power to drive the system is generated by it,
while the other is the driven because it is only being driven, and does not produce the power/energy. By
changing the sizes of the gears, speed and direction of rotation can be changed.

STEP 2: TYPES OF GEARS

There are various types of gears, namely:
1) Spur gears
2) Bevel gears
3) Rack and pinion gears
4) Helical gears
5) Worm gears
Spur gears: They are used for transmitting drive between parallel shafts.
Bevel gears: These are used for transmitting power/drive between shafts at angles.
Rack and pinion gears: These gears are used for converting rotary motion of the pinion to linear motion
of the rack.
Helical gears: These gears can transmit motion and power between either parallel or right angle shafts.
Worm gears: These gears operate silently and smoothly. They can be used for reducing speed and
increasing torque.

STEP 3: USES OF GEARS

1. Gears are used to transmit power from one shaft to another.
2. They are used to change the speed of shafts to either high or low speed.
3. They also change the running direction of a shaft.
4. They help to decrease or increase the effort needed to turn wheels of a machine
5. They help machines to work more efficiently

STEP 4: LUBRICATION OF GEARS

Lubrication is the application of oily or greasy substance to machine parts in order to reduce friction. The
substance applied (such as oil or grease) is called lubricant.
The purpose of lubricating gears is as follows:
1. To promote sliding between teeth to reduce the coefficient of friction.
2. To limit the temperature rise/cool the gear system by reducing heat generated or caused by
rolling and sliding friction.
3. Reduces friction between teeth, minimizing wear and tear.
4. Prevents corrosion and damage from contaminants.

Methods of Lubrication
There are three methods of gear lubrication in general use
1. Grease lubrication
2. Splash lubrication (oil bath method)
3. Forced oil circulation lubrication

There is no single best method or lubricant. Choice depends upon tangential speed and rotating speed. At
low speed, grease lubrication is a good choice. For medium and high speeds, splash lubrication and forced
oil circulation are more appropriate, but there are exceptions. Sometimes, for maintenance reasons, a
grease lubricant is used even with high speed.

Class Activity: The teacher encourages the students to participate actively in the lesson by engaging in
class discussions and exercises.
Summary: The students have learnt in this lesson that the gear is a very important engineering element.
Different types of gears are used in many engineering devices, including wind-up toys, bicycles, cars and
non-digital clocks. The students have learnt about various types of gears and how they work in machines.
They see how gears and different gear train arrangements are used to change the speed, torque and
direction of a power source.
Evaluation: The teacher evaluates the students based on the lesson thus:
i. Define gear
ii. Mention five (5) types of gears
iii. State uses of gears
iv. Explain lubrication in gears
Conclusion: The teacher concludes by ensuring the students copy their notes and understand the lesson.
Assignment: Using cardboard papers, create models of gear profiles.

NOTES OF LESSON FOR WEEK THREE (3) ENDING MAY 16, 2025
Date: May 12 - 16, 2025
Subject: Basic Technology
Topic: Basic Electronics 11
Class: JS3
Age: 12+ years
Gender: Mixed
Duration: 40 Minutes
Behavioural Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
i. Identify the components of electronic devices and discuss their uses
Previous Knowledge: The students can identify electronic devices
Instructional Techniques: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstrations, videos
from source
Instructional Materials: Pictures, related online materials, Basic Science and Technology textbook 3.
Entry Behaviour: The teacher enters the class holding some electronic devices and components to be
used as learning aids and displays same in the class. This arouses the interest of the students towards the
lesson.
Introduction: The students have been introduced to the topic in the previous lesson.
Presentation
STEP 1: COMPONENTS OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES
Electronic devices consist of various components that work together to perform specific functions. Here
are some key components and a brief discussion of their roles:
1. Microprocessor/Microcontroller: A microprocessor and a microcontroller are both integrated
circuits that serve as the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer or an embedded system.
While they share some similarities, they are designed for different applications.
2. Memory (RAM and ROM): RAM (Random Access Memory) provides temporary storage for
data during operation, while ROM (Read-Only Memory) stores permanent data, including
firmware and system instructions.
3. Transistor: A transistor is a semiconductor device that can amplify or switch electronic signals. It
is a fundamental building block in modern electronics and serves various purposes in electronic
circuits. Transistors are essential for controlling the flow of electrical current and manipulating
signals in electronic devices.
4. Resistor: A resistor is an electronic component that restricts or limits the flow of electric current
in a circuit. It is a passive two-terminal device with the primary function of controlling the
amount of current that can pass through it.
 5. Capacitor: A capacitor is an electronic component that stores electrical energy in an electric
field. It consists of two conductive plates separated by an insulating material known as a
dielectric. The capacitance of a capacitor, measured in farads (F), represents its ability to store
charge.
6. Diode: A diode is a semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction only. It
typically consists of a semiconductor material, often with two layers – one doped to have excess
electrons (N-type) and the other doped to have a deficit of electrons (P-type). The junction
between these layers forms a diode.
7. Integrated Circuit (IC): An integrated circuit (IC), also known as a microchip or chip, is a
compact arrangement of transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other electronic components on a
single semiconductor substrate or chip. The integration of these components onto a single chip
allows for the creation of complex electronic circuits in a small and efficient form
8. Inductor: An inductor is an electronic component that stores electrical energy in a magnetic field
when an electric current flows through it. It typically consists of a coil of wire wound around a
core, often made of ferromagnetic material
9. Sensor: They converts physical or environmental data into electrical signals, facilitating
functions like temperature sensing, motion detection, etc.
10. LED (Light Emitting Diode): Semiconductor device that emits light when current flows through
it, used for display indicators and lighting.
11. Microphone and Speaker: They convert sound waves into electrical signals (microphone) and
vice versa (speaker) in audio devices.
12. Battery: A battery stores electrical energy for portable devices, providing a power source.
13. Switch: It controls the flow of electricity by opening or closing a circuit.
14. Connector and Cables: Facilitate the connection and communication between different
components within a device.

Class Activity: The teacher encourages the students to participate actively in the lesson by engaging in
class discussions and exercises.
Summary: Electronic devices consist of various components that work together to perform specific
functions.
Evaluation: The teacher evaluates the students based on the lesson thus:
i. List ten (10) components of electronic devices and discuss their uses
Conclusion: The teacher concludes by ensuring the students copy their notes and understand the lesson.

NOTES OF LESSON FOR WEEK THREE (3) ENDING MAY 16, 2025
Date: May 12 – 16, 2025
Subject: Technical Drawing
Topic: True Lengths and Surface Development (2)
Class: SS1
Gender: Mixed
Age: 13+ years
Duration: 40 Minutes
Behavioural Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
i. Explain the meaning of surface development
ii. Highlight applications of surface development
iii. Develop surfaces of full and truncated solids
Previous Knowledge: The students can construct solid shapes and figures geometrically.
Instructional Materials: Drawing instruments and materials, cardboard papers, masking tapes and gums,
pictures, related online materials and Technical Drawing textbook
Entry Behaviour: The teacher on entry into the classroom, asks the students to draw any object of their
choice (chair, table, phone, book, etc.) on a piece of paper. Thereafter, he asks them to imagine
themselves as engineers tasked with designing and developing a new version of the objects they have
drawn. He also instructs the students to think about how they can modify the surface features of the
objects to enhance functionality and aesthetics. These arouse the interest of the students towards the
lesson and also sets the stage for the lesson.
Introduction: A layout of the complete surface of a three dimensional object on a plane is called the
development of the surface or flat pattern of the object. The development of surfaces is very important in
the fabrication of articles made of sheet metals. It is a fundamental concept in engineering, architecture,
and design, and mastering it can help one create accurate and efficient designs.
Presentation
STEP 1: MEANING AND APPLICATION OF SURFACE DEVELOPMENT
The development of surface of an object means the unrolling and unfolding of all surfaces of the object
on a plane. Hence, a development is the unfold/unrolled flat/plane figure of a 3-D object. It is also called
a pattern where the plane may show the true size of each area of the object. When the pattern is cut, it can
be rolled or folded back into the original object.

Objects such as containers, boxes, boilers, hoppers, vessels, funnels, trays, etc., are made of sheet metal
by using the principles of development of surfaces.

Applications of Surface Development

The knowledge of development is very useful in:
- Pattern making: creating templates for fabricating objects
- Sheet metal work: creating flat patterns for sheet metal parts
- Architecture: creating plans and elevations of buildings

Principles of surface development

Every line on the development must show the true length of the corresponding line on the surface which
is developed.

STEP 2: TYPES AND METHODS OF SURFACE DEVELOPMENT

- Lateral development: unfolding a surface along a lateral edge
- Longitudinal development: unfolding a surface along a longitudinal edge
- Oblique development: unfolding a surface at an angle.

Methods of Surface Development

The method to be followed for making the development of a solid depends upon the nature of it’s lateral
surfaces. Based on the classification of solids, the following are methods of development:
1. Parallel line development: This involves using parallel lines to create the development.
Used for developing prisms and single curved surfaces like cylinders, in which all the
edges/generation of lateral surfaces are parallel to each other.
2. Radial line development: This involves using radial lines to create the development. Used for
developing pyramids and single curved surfaces like cones in which the apex is taken as centre
and the slant edge or generator as radius of its development.
3. Triangulation method: This involves dividing the surface into triangles and unfolding them.
This is used for developing transition pieces. Transition pieces are usually made to connect two
different forms such as round pipes to square pipes. This is done by assuming the surface to be
made from a series of triangular surfaces laid side-by-side to form the development.
4. Approximate development: This is employed for double curved surfaces like spheres as they are
theoretically not possible to develop. The surface of the sphere is developed by approximate
method. When the surface is cut by a series of cutting planes, the cut surfaces are called zones.
STEP 3: SURFACE DEVELOPMENT OF FULL AND TRUNCATED SOLIDS
A: Development of Full Solids:
1. Develop the surface of the cube of 1 inch below:

2. Develop the surface of the triangular prism shown below:

3. Develop the surface of a pyramid

4. Develop the surface of cone of diameter 1.5” and inclined height 2”:
5. Development of a square pyramid from its plan and front elevation standing vertically on its base
on the horizontal plane (HP) with one edge of the base parallel to the vertical plane (VP):
6. Development of right cylinder:
B: Development of Truncated solids
Examples:
1. A hexagonal prism, edge of base 20mm and axis 50mm long, rests with its base on HP such that
one of its rectangular faces is parallel to VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to VP, inclined at
45° and passing through the right corner of the top face of the prism. Draw the top view and
develop the lateral surface of the truncated prism.

2. A cone of base 50mm diameter and height 65mm, rests with its base on HP. Its front elevation is
cut by a plane at an angle of 30° with the horizontal plane at 30mm above the base. Draw the
development of the lateral surface of the truncated cone.
Class Activity: The teacher encourages the students to participate actively in the lesson by engaging in
class discussions and practical exercises.
Summary: The teacher summarises the lesson by revising and highlighting the importance of surface
development vis-a-vis:
- Accurate representation of 3D objects in 2D
- Essential for fabrication, design, and engineering applications
- Saves time and material in manufacturing processes.
Evaluation: The teacher evaluates the students based on the lesson thus:
i. Explain the meaning of surface development
ii. Highlight applications of surface development
iii. Develop surfaces of full and truncated prism and cone
Conclusion: The teacher concludes the lesson by ensuring the students understand the lesson and copy
their notes.
Assignment: Using a cardboard paper, produce the model of a square prism.

NOTES OF LESSON FOR WEEK THREE (3) ENDING MAY 9, 2025

Date: May 5 – 9, 2025
Subject: Technical Drawing
Topic: Conversion of orthographic views into isometric views
Class: SS2
Age: 14+ years
Gender: Mixed
Duration: 40 Minutes
Behavioural Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
i. Convert orthographic views to isometric forms.
Previous Knowledge: The students are familiar with isometric drawing and other forms of pictorial
drawing methods.
Instructional Techniques: Identification, explanation, questions and answers, demonstrations, videos
from source
Instructional Materials: Drawing instruments and materials, related online materials, Technical Drawing
textbook, lesson notes.
Entry Behaviour: The teacher enters the class holding pieces of patterns of developing blocks to be used
as learning aids. This arouses the interest of the students towards the lesson.
Introduction: The students have been introduced to the topic in the previous lesson.
Presentation
STEPS 1 - 3: Refer to notes of lesson dated May 5 – 9, 2025

Class Activity: The teacher encourages the students to participate actively in the lesson by engaging in
class discussions and practical exercises.
Summary: Same as in Week 2
Evaluation: Same as in Week 2
Conclusion: Same as in Week 2