STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV Aircraft Products Group CHAPTER 11 MISCELLANEOUS Table of Contents ‘Seetion Page Section MA Introduetion 6 ul 11.24 Warping Constants and Shear Centert ss 1.2 Miseellangousttems 5 2 2 7 Md 1125 Maximum Shear Stressfor Simple 1121 Propertosfor Various Cross Section Beams . Geometric Shapes . es 1126 Fermulasfor Beams of Uniform Section 11.22 Section Propertisof Tubes, Angles, M27 Strain Gage Data Reduction. ‘andChannels ss . on 11.23 PropertieofSolid Members = 1125 «1L8_—_—Referanees Page 11.25 11.28 1130 1182 1182 i186STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV aircraft Products Group MISCELLANEOUS 11.4 INTRODUCTION the moximum width. t hould not be used for open spread”) sections such as channels, tees, unged sections et, but cun be “The llowing sections contain information that will aid the user used for hollow close sections (with loss of accuracy) the wall in the design calculations outlined in this manual, Section thickness is uniform and fis taken as twice the wall thickness. properties of slid section, tubes, and ungles are included os ‘well as warping constants and shear center leations for various ‘open sections. b 11.2 MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS x x 11.2.1 Properties for Various Geometric Shapes ‘Area, centroid location, moment of inertia, and radius of eration data are prosented for a large number of sections i ‘Tables 11.2.ba through «i, Figure 11.2.1-1 presents a useful, Ig/e = Acea“/6.15b losely approximate formula from Reference (1), for the soetion * modulus, UC, of any solid section which has a reasonably compact form (similar to that of ellipses, trapezoids and FIGURE 11.2.1-1. Section Modulus of a Compact Cross-Section ttiangles), In the formula A isthe cross-sectional area and b is 124.86STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV aircraft Products Group MISCELLANEOUS Weg soa gt aon ° a z; j= °r i A ones = (22-43) > : sy srrosog epestronddy ecfocs] — subtorer Se°2a"sasey eet ea Bt > sossy (22'S Mr , Zag tayyse: = % 23. Ty) 2. Py - Zs- Tay sv Castayse: = 94 (2eylo ee rar Get _ aysst = “y= 72 5 g5tsor = Pre nant = Ko x ginselt =v se, em aos = 7d alzsts = %r °, . Py sos" = Pa sizse = Pr fe a Y z mt senses = 4s a] 2% ae ake ’ cage = % [4 a] 2 Ue 6 ede a. "LL sinto-nas _ 7 ti ste 4de % he, ? aort-t = 440% pa be tet i ce ee ate gQ ee aeZek-x sale 3-82 %-% ee -fekex] aopegtey i sroura TTS TST TAT OT TERT away Ta ST Bey ato misono sodvyg opnautoay snopre, 405 sensadord *e a1avL 121.86rcraft Products Group STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV MISCELLANEOUS (2e,ue yz eB % Poe | Penh Meemen SIQUTO-IW3S MOTION 2 € 5 stot = 4 sales ° (ae ee a A aH eat. a= ee eee wat uu enn + seome urs a 2 uy + (degune] B= 2 (oe soope wernclgts «ty __ [o aroorpurs 62 fone is fahie °*t| owsBag 4 wae 16 wrMauTo 40 voL2: TORTS TOF ITT TOAST TISTITES war OTIS IS a ev vem og uring sodvyg opnawoay snoyse, 405 sapsadora, aTaVvL, 12486STRUCTURES MANUAL i ‘MISCELLANEOUS LTV Aircraft Products Group I a jous Geometric Shapes ele = a WOLLOW-SEMT ELLIRSE 124.06sesero «5 074 yee 2 NJ pian a gsnstooro= "r= %r] steerer s= 2] yimterory | oP 2H anaectawo9 wianowto 2 > 3S Lie 2 exe - 3s (Gomrerwey (Satay Ae 4 a 28 | (2 -byo-¥ a o £ | Msg vaiose = wun rovien eR ¥ * z & > Re = if -6 aw rey ’ spares * & atoas wranoura 3 2 3 Seat 3 oa 8 A: 2 8 fie yeseopests=70 jy) B= °t ok ste 2 4 —Sned gais *t) 2 £ Vicente 7002 voraeaky I ‘wrageuy 39 yenpoOnE prosaueg (y) ey ao trot pov doen Pet sodvyg opnowoan snore, 105 sansadoad “P-1'1T STAVL 124.06craft Products Group STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV MISCELLANEOUS fe sst00°0 « 0H eft stor9 = Pr egplto = ay ge Nslooto «1 wooo = £ | ae opto ev insernanoo orsatTTa _ at. 6 v T act egst'0 =“ INT] aio . SL ees onnsoro = annevro = mt ae 202? euneno = & ae 4S02"0 + ig oOnS0"0 =r sneno = & soto —— oper 5 age lst = *r 2 : «ct besto = Pr saneno = £ Z 4 age g6otro = °F ack ae pols = ¥ ee i kh asarTTs 47H rugs agrees atet dle Mr 2 ey Pt nSal"0 = Pr ask ZL? 0 = 3 eee oe ’ ® ze?4 ca? tSplro =r x aul = senna TIRES TTT FSS TET Wy eR] wa Io aE ao tered pn aeeee of saveteia saduyg apnowoay snore, 205 sansadosg “2-111 A TAVL, s24.06STRUCTURES MANUAL 8 g 8 oO 3 3 8 é ‘Ss < z 5 (MISCELLANEOUS eau setoro = Pr avo = 28 29100 © 8x voto = £ eet etesvo = 71 ausraro Pa «88 gs600"0 = Pr asit'o« wers'0 Pd 8 Ustoro = *r onto = £ et proto 7s ezine‘ Pg pe towo es 7 wsrs2-0 79 88 Eut60r0 = Pr ex [igategé t ns A\ — ae pean we men Wora89s 30 BOE soduyg anawoagy snowe, 10y sansodosd JST TGV 124.86STRUCTURES MANUAL 2 3 £ o 3 3 £ = 3 < > ce a MISCELLANEOUS (agaetiegra **t ws LES uzog : ee bo ah agrzy Wn emey iowviom4 noTIOH bee 4 z 4 wey arosurorsa * £ Garo | (4299 _ oy arf, —a 7d Eee wa way aie an HELIS"0 = 9 wt suswero = 73 aot aigez-o = Pa He mee a Tere Ty eer ao embed ou or sadeyg omjouioan snopse, 105 sapsodoug B-1Z'IT ATAVE, 124.06ih (asa) a & = arozsivaa erTas0st by i as Naar Tarza/\ ote- = Pg = 8 L pO ‘FrowvTut asnuao STRUCTURES MANUAL 2 2 2 o G 5 3 2 = € s 2 e a TIDAL aro MISCELLANEOUS 2. wie Wey soduyg onj0woan snore, 105 sopredorg “Y-1S'T STEVE 12486a 8 2 0 8 3 g & i: STRUCTURES MANUAL > MISCELLANEOUS e ae ure Pr 4 p09 p G fe we Pry PP re = ae ues gers rarer + gsoo 1 = reggae Pr ah Ty -soxe atdioutad axe z-2 puE THE sexy 2210 CrP Pr = acts ct Pate yeu cuose: = P8 ae? Dein tt +apuear® = 6 rie + area =r weet ar/at =P ° ators = PS > ae s ‘ uypor = 94 Eres wais4 | 4, ches © fa wits > et | ee tf tw te oa aah raga ag peers 1 cpgipiag) =gevea agen) = #3 3,009 ~ Pyfa? ogee =_tevany =P weif- "6 cet ~p(etand = Pr oe oy ho 2 > 1/6 Taeaeaga = wa-a=x cerwaey TOFD arava 7e BIOTIN oF SsUeTTT] Tw WoTSSHS FS ATO yo snort aonposd pur queen sadvyg opjomoay snoyrwA 10 sapsedoid “FT'S'IT ATAVE. Revision A, 6-30-87STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV aircraft Products Group ‘MISCELLANEOUS 11.2.2 SECTION PROPERTIES OF TUBES, ANGLES, combination. The igure supplies the ratio of the combined rudius AND CHANNELS ‘of gyration wo that of he stifener only. ‘Area, moment of ineti, section modulus, radius of gyration, Talo 11.22-b through -d und Figuee 1.2.2.2 through - supply tard Dit are presented for standard whe sections in Table section properties for extruded angles and channels respectively, 1122. ‘and Tables 11.2.2 through -e contain section properties armed anglestifeners Figure 11.2.2 is an ai in caleulting the effective skin when finding the column strength (Chaptar 3) of the skin stiffener 124.85(MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV aircraft Products Group TABLE 11224, Sesion Proportion of Round Taing ee Tas Te Te Te Tere ete (a [ele 001s} [oro | 1287 | $27) 083} 2065 2814 | 1056 wa 100870 forsee | .1sss | 2500] | ie | See Jot | est ‘oorre foorte | ‘eos | 1az0) eae ee oe 00200 3576 | 862, 2a | .00ss | 3436 | 35.71 00215, sss] 770]] * 35 | 1061 tea | 2057 00246 1803 | 602 04g | 1964 ‘3367 | 20.40 0028 Mog) 417 065 | .1909 316 | 18.30 id 126s _| 265) 098 | 270) ‘3217 | 10.53 16 00203 1607 3% | 2436 | 0395 | os7t | 3125 | 8.00 3 (sf JP VA St) | |) a) 183-1250 f cooa70 ars 7 250 | ‘S000 | ‘o0e0 | osz0 | ‘zs | 400 12486STRUCTURES MANUAL ‘MISCELLANEOUS LTV aircraft Products Group 5. | ware 2] on] o0. | wate [= te | in Aas " Tis oe PT ae | one | ese | || Tae | Ba ‘oea | “hese | zea | ‘te27 ‘a a8 sa | ‘es | err | “ator as ini ss | ‘aes | aaue | “asee 88 00 ssa | ‘dy | eri | “asso ‘aes 2500 ‘oss | or | tens | ‘on ‘83 jase ‘tao | ‘Sma | ‘teas | ‘toa ‘95 tat “tas | Sear | esa | ‘coos Sno Hse ‘nea | sia | “iow Rs 1300 ‘ssa | ‘teae | “itza is 102 ‘sam | ant | Css “a8 a6 20 aaa Ve “arm | os | ome so eso ‘hua | Seer | ‘ies ie an ‘jas |e | “ome a ea 2a | aor | “ost9 “Hea | ‘oras | “teea Tam | ats so00 ‘oma | ‘ason | “tone 8 a0 ea | ‘ose | ‘tsx6 ‘tsa a 5 ina ‘tes 2630 ie 2 208 “aia as tase “sa 20 ie “hess is a0 te iis ‘ie Ta “ier | aan | oem 30 oat | ‘oe | ees i Ee toa | sar | “trea Ed ie ers | asrs | “tase | “ison | aus ‘as | ‘0008 | “hoa? | 507 | fer | 78 | oe ma ‘hana | ‘over | ‘aves | saa | ear ‘asa 20 “ava | ono | Staea | “etsy | its as mao ‘4gog | ‘ooee | ‘he0a | “tar | a0 ‘on 250 ‘sone | tian | “iota | tas | an ro tans Shon | ‘izee | “test 420 a “rose | ‘i206 | “zona 25 ‘ean ‘tan | “tae | Zins "56 102 vomna [ise | Shes 12 297 250 280 7 “ras | 22s | ase a bor ‘ten | be | one ae 500 ‘aux | Osan | Ss Sem | aie | are as es ane Sato | Sree | Sine 2 te ‘eos | aust | Cet tg aa0 isa | tons | “tans a0 aad “Sana [i208 | “iene as aa sso ‘i207 | “ints 3 Paty seer | vaor | Zora 5 thos oat fies | oss "2 as? gow [ieee | ass as ‘a0 sess | args | eee 88 teat vaasa [00 | Stas ite ioe 3 200 30 eat a 533 a 00 12.4.06STRUCTURES MANUAL MISCELLANEOUS LTV aircraft Products Group TABLE 11.2.2-b. Properties of Equal Leg Angle Stiffeners Go ONAL be a I CORO CHRIDED ANGLE ~ UAL LAS = Wound WTO om os | | wi] &®] + |e) % |, mo | ote fom oe? | om | ok ne | | fal 0.300 | 0.063 ffo.osez | oie7| oniee [ovens | 0.0025 | 0.0297 Saar fa.ore o-oo] 80a OOF 0.423 | 0,078 |fo.c902 j.com | o.coso | 0.0466 0.024 |o.r068 c.0035 | o.cor1 | 0.0525 BBS fO.GHT | O.2ET | G-IOS]EaaRT | 0-008 POO 0.730 | 0.096 fo.is0 | 0.220 | 0.25 fo.eoss | 0.0123 | 0.0005 123 lfo.ter | 0.216 | 0.223 [o.o078 | o.oves | o.ot01 TOT PEO TCHS | ae OOO TOOT | ORT e.a7s | o.o8t fo.ase | 0.262 | 0.246 fo.oios | o.cis9 | o.on18 o25 0.236 | 0.256 jo.oi29 | 0.0259 | 0.0990 TOBE TFT Tare f 00S | 0.073 1.000 | 006 0.296 .0160 | 0.0206 | o.on89 2.135 0.293 e.cxoe | 0.0093 | 0.1208 TS THF TOL Oe | O-0F3T 1.230 | 0.0 fo.z | 0.37 o.c330 | o.osee | 0.2201 ozs ffo.z | 0.272 | 0.207 fo.ccie | 0.0779 | 0.1597 e.re fozr [0.202 | 0.200 fo.ose | 0-113 | 0.2100 BBE POT [nee YO, |OCOCHT FB. BT-| OAT 2,300 | 0.056 flo.277 | o.4b0 | o.290 fo.osas | o.ra26 | 0.3504 o.azs foosso | oes | 0.s09 fo.oren | o.s3ea | 0.1907 enaea Howser | occa | over fo.zom | o.soes | 0.2677 Ta II | Ose] was [RT| OTe | O-TFFT a.tso | ozs flocar | o.ssz | oss fos | o.nise |o.zuie esas foes | o.s22 | o.ssi forse | o.ne0 | 0.3200 Ce Ce 2.000 | 0.128 floesr | o.s12 | o.s20 fo.ssae | o.s217 | 0.206 e106 owns | o.sor | 0.559 fo.zse2 | oars |o. 092 0.230 a.sat | 0.57 fa.szee | o.case [0.0255 oF TTA] Vase OTE OI | 8.56 2.500 | 0.200 o.re2 | 0.270 fo.szue | 0.2099 | 0.3000 9.250 [ors | oes fo.soze {1.2065 | 0.0260 124.06MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV aircraft Products Group TABLE 11.2.2-¢. Properties of Unequal Leg Angle Stiffeners & Sy a =’ 4 uy, eee eee TOTO ARUSES TRE > WNERIAL CECE > EQUAL TOES fe fom fom fo fom] om | om | at sor | 0-025 | 0.800 | 0.080 | 0.0895] oa | oe? | 0.0020 aT TSH] CIP OTH TTY OTL Otter 0602 9-730 oa] oes] UOTE | OTE | OE | 0.00 Tar Te_| Owe p BOTT] “OaTC | OTT | OBO oro SST SET UTOO | ORTOP OFT oro 0.750 | ozs | ore | o.ase| 0.27 | 0.0123 Toor ERE [ OBS] OO] OHO | OST | 8.0100 1003 | 1.000 FETS] OBEF | BGT TBI] BOTT | OOS oo a.rso | 0.2 | 0.20 | o.m2 coisa | eon» | 0.0997 1205 SEPT O ETHOS] OTT | OTT | w-aaTT 2206 avers | 0.0m | o.asr | 0.205 | 0.202 | 0.013 | 0.0297 | 0.087 THOT SaaS] Be OOOO | OTT | OHS POOH 202 2.730 | o.0n | oir | 0.299 | oss | o.02rs | o.0ses | 0.0845 0a | 1.250 | 0.750 | 0.12 | onan | 0.307 | 0.427 | o.or | o,ore7 | o.z042 sno THF] OL OT TY OOTY | OO | w.OT 1205 a.ese | 0.202 | 0.209 | 0.373 | o.o30e | o.ose | o.z0s2 1206 arias | o.ze | 0.202 | 0.324 | 0.0380 | 0.0709 | 0.1303 Tor LoL O ET OSE | OBE | O-TOTT | OORT 1407 | 12s | 0.266 0,465 | 0.536 | 0.0386 | 0.1337 1409 TP THT ONT | OTE BRIE | soe | 1.500 ass | 0.2 | occa | o.ses | o.cee7 | 0.1282 eos orase | ona | o.csy | 0.95 | 0.077 | o.t038 108 oe on 140? ontzs | 0.337 | 0.062 | ovcse | 0.0088 | 0.2243 1408. J o.ase | ovcoo | o.cs7 | o.4ss | oncune | 0.2662 Toor Sasa woe ona sor | 1.250 Laser aser asp Tsp oT 1602 POT Po eT Tastee ree | OTD 1606 o.1s6 | 0.478 0.537] 0.517 | 0.1377 | 0.2055 TT TOO TEP EE ORT OTOP OTST | OTE 2202 race | ont { oe | own | one | ois | 0.970 | e 000 | 2.000 ese oe SoeF | OT CATE POTTY | OTT 2006 1.250 | 0,136 0,629 | 0.638 | 0.1993 | 0.3970 | 0.2208 | os tasot | ati etaez| | eateial tctavoal lateral te 124.66STRUCTURES MANUAL musceaneous | — LTV aircraft Products Group TABLE 11.2.2d, Properties of Unequal Leg Angle Stiffeners sdf ees 2 (on tu de I. | Ca. — asi ee elec Pare a fe fz 12486STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV aircraft Products Group MISCELLANEOUS ‘TABLE 11.2,2-e, Properties of Angles reSTRUCTURES MANUAL MISCELLANEOUS | —- LTV aircraft Products Group TABLE 11. -f. Properties of Angles ' ion Le — i Ae Toei [a w Wy she slatet etal 121.86STRUCTURES MANUAL misceuwaneous | — LTV aircraft Products Group TABLE 11.2.2-g. Properties of Angles 121.96STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV aircraft Products Group ‘MISCELLANEOUS 11.20 TABLE 11,2.2-h, Properties of Channels, y ; i" nH Cr 124.86MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV aircraft Products Group oe TABLE 11.2.2-i. Area, Centroid & Moment of Inertia of 90° Bends cENTROID 012 Oe Fir TOs e ae {80 TOOy Torr 080, 2186| 'UCTURES MANUAL Imseeuancous | LTV aircraft Products Group __| 12 | FIGURE 11,2.2-1, Neutral Axis Location of Channels w21406STRUCTURES MANUAL misceuwancous | — LTV aircraft Products Group a e ela [ TE Ee: FIGURE 11.2.2-2. Radii of Gyration of Channels 124-06STRUCTURES MANUAL ; LTV aircraft Products Group ee MISCELLANEOUS Vu L! ga a por ‘CHANGE a TT 1 7 T Ty t ~ J vs A SCALE, + / ! at 1 | 1 | FIGURE 11.2.2, Radii of Gyration of Channels and Zees 128.06STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV Aircraft Products Group ‘MISCELLANEOUS 11.2.3 PROPERTIES OF SOLID MEMBERS 11.2.4 WARPING CONSTANTS AND SHEAR CENTERS Table 11.2-0 presents formulas for ealeulating various propertias for several basiceoid nieinbers, center location and warping constanta ttorvon constants) for various sections are provided in Table The warping constant about the shear center, hence it TABLE 11.2.3-a. Properties of Solids can be used in those equations of Seetion 3.9.1 for twisting (torsicnal buckling) ubout the shour canter, Vol. = nr (r = raatus) \ Mew (Total we.) & e. ha tir & ve er _ | Hollow Gire.Cy. Ty WoL. =m Lin "= HD . sold Cire. Cyt. 5 CR a ete rave XE eee Rea etn eller eres gn ac Lee i EE, eenicoon oo eh =Mesl2 e FS me areas = about axis * atrys ‘Thin Hottow sphare Vol+*$ (ye oy) Fy radia o sphere Tapout ata Surface Aron = Ane? 14-86‘STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV aircraft Products Group MISCELLANEOUS aBuv 0 7089] 10200 a18u8 ox Jo Boy ywovetpe op 507} oxp ynoqe aBuay y>wa Jo [PN J9UE Jo WARIO OH ‘ayn Jo 01 prosiuas aduey wroay aoueystp oxy 51.9 ‘eBuvy yorajo var an sy "wade st y pun “s9qu99 says ox INOgU s} Mg “jUNSUON SUIPUDG WOISIOy, aI Po|TE> Os[e "qUE;SsUOg BuIdzeAy OM std, “saqua0 says ax oy proxjuas oy) wioay soouR;SIp 938 °A BX “ALON uta9 at Gre ze to Wee ae 7a, 9t HE ny ° et en een gala sao °, ae tone a= % t =P at 4y0_ aa) xo , 494+ Fyeaz-ay az P™1(Px = 92) =": cou 0 =x HE ay wx, e Or ° (cs +a) efx RY © oP aly Li esa ores atbuy pabueiz_ + Mey to J weuas adazy PALE SERT Sy z ee 0 = °K 10 = x 2 teotazeuakssauy os °n tas %x weag-1 TeoTazowahs WETEUGS BUTTE F ToPISOSSEOIT qae3su6> Buyaien = uoyae201 20399 2e94s WOISSSSEOTT vor39207 193u09 1e0ys soquog a09yg PUB syURISUOD BUIGION “WYTTT ATAVL Revision 6-30-07STRUCTURES MANUAL 2 5 2 6 3 3 8 a “ s ‘@ z a ‘MISCELLANEOUS yorqoas-sso29 aaTqua Jo wore = ¥ ep ZL! ged, 88 2uINy “SALON xx x 1 » py -—t vp a + fy poue = fru + (peg 0 ve + At] p= 8 HOt 8 z e z z ok 02% xx xx ies are = % ay vu oe \ 25 gooogurs - J a ae Gr (qfsosg= davars ~ 8! Gaz * “ le es geogdurs = 9 1, | 0 Ughoog= guts) 82 = © drd>0 ereener| Tike - 220 Ty » ee Ky Se wo try - 0 we + Ar] Ge 9 (Te B zl [eee o=% ey Cause ox ¥a uor30ag I paTJTPOH uora995 T PaTFTPOH queisues Buydaen & uoyae207 227U99 2eays VaRyeISD BUTaTEH s uoy3e207 10329 7eays Woyasag-SsOID WOFISS-SSOID suquag avayg pus sunsuog Suydam “GPS ATAVL. 124-86MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV aircraft Products Group 11.2.5 MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS FOR SIMPLE CROSS-SECTION BEAMS Tablo 11.250 provides locations and magnitudes of the ‘maximum shear forvorious cross-sections TABLE 11.2.5-a, Maximum Shear Stress for Simple Cross-Section Beams ——— CROSS SECTION MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS POSITION OF MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS So f, = 35/28 e=0 (Neutral Axis) *NA = Neutral Axis elas fy = 45/38 ero (Neutral Axis) Ma. NY a 5 = (AS/2A)EQ. + anAd?e0))) ead ¥ y (Neutral Axis) 7 f= 38/28 es 4/6 98/88 er d/e { NA Ma f, = 45/38 ero (Neutral Axis) 12186STRUCTURES MANUAL MISCELLANEOUS LTV raft Products Group TABLE 11.2.5-b; Maximum Shear Stress for Simple Cross-Section Beams IcROSS SECTION MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS POSITION OF MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS 2, f, = Saat fg = (5/20*)(r2-0?) 2.15 S/A T= Area moment of inertia. = mise — [4 za sin 20} [1 ~ eae? acos aca vin acor e=0 (Neutral Axis) e=0 (Neutral Axis) e=0 (Heutral Axis) 121.06MISCELLANEOUS 11.2.6 FORMULAS FOR BEAMS OF UNIFORM SECTION ‘The cases shown in Tables 11.26. (prismatic) Yeu with constant BI. Loud ate applied theough the shear center and parullel to the principal axis, Displacements are duo to bending (shear deflections are neglected The sig convention used is through -w apply to straight (a) External forces), moments (M0, and reactions (are positiveas shown, (8) Positive moments produce compression on the upper surface of the beam. (6) Internal shears (V) are positive when the summation of {rces and reactions on the left end of 9 segment act pward a) The slopes (0) are positive whan the tangent to the deflected beam makes a counterclockwise anglo with the undeflectad postion. STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV aircraft Products Group (e)Defletionsy) are positive inthe upward direction, Rx Load ead Eaton ata a FIGURE 11.24 Beam Sign Conventions Formulas for numerous cases of statically determinate beums, tre inelude in Tables 11.2.6 Uhrough-m. Formulas for several cases of statically indeterminate beams are in Tables 11.2.6-0 through Cases for beams with axial louds aroin Chapter. 124.06STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV aircraft Products Group MISCELLANEOUS ocx pyene ot o=xeostw sae agk tgerae, en 9 Em, one 3 the eT E oon FA —t 121.6STRUCTURES MANUAL 2 3 2 o 5 3 g a ‘8 < > e a MISCELLANEOUS @-V>x>98 _ tant ey ont (Gorrie 2 (o-8. eves @-v>x>28 sve EA. ° - | 0 Wee My (ae ore (qeag) G+ 9 0 ed] REE : © een wee Gresps-et ath ze | ae ie tek { aeee Gerd emt e-ve1 fovarieres) bhene eyo ees [ebay + ee or gee) Boe 2eHO [Ke-9-Ge- ae] o2n® [ye-,9-Ge- ow] BE _ wera be ose 0-"W aes geo haw oerate es e-v>x>26 eres 2 =*00=%A Se epnen, exons 4 weans a0 suivag ayeuyuaoieg ALORS “97 TT ATEVI, 124.06STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV aircraft Products Group MISCELLANEOUS one onrd ware Pra ee peo oleesea gece ptf ya vero sper 2=0d Pheeenge tn 1) ata ony ved teen s>eooa (Er 2=xd =m eno dt ae | a oan aed a tueskem verdes “O10 a ei sumwag peunwaa}oq AI ‘29011 STAVL 124-66STRUCTURES MANUAL 2 5 2 oO s 3 2 a ‘5 < > ec a MISCELLANEOUS gered ge a acre OW Ones Bie xe web Ba wre eb sexe orn my ow o-ty © vais ony nouaway osiavor Pol SINSNOM SNIONSS sureag oyeuRHsa}aq] [INS “P'S ITAVL 124.06Ge Gare on cero ae cease verse geneee faruorred 124-86 a : | srason es [orgs gv syne gee pere-goef P= '2 @russpee A on XS Iya-quas gesmenpwi) UPR. Ye (eemg-ny = 5 a? levers $6 {igeaegee exxe Myetn | ooo tA 2 eee qs ape ceva ew 3 3 oe ee vero testy | eeeudety ge ge cn apemyeri 7 opaque cere tiety | aerupety ve 2 < eee Gee peri: ote = "8 E nae a ae © eee viet a pas : yeas jo>*o yu “A 3 3 Laws 5 Cr eee | 1 g one peta aw | Tt * care ap euyaans x 2. | 3% ui t + msgs ons ® suvanonowauss — | wyansquvnougey mavor wo summag ayeupursayeg ABONES “9-9' TT ATEVLa g & & 8 3 g é £ 2 STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV ‘MISCELLANEOUS wvere [[gerpennpare [eee ee ec flsone-azisio one By pBy vay G-d= <6 aly fy pYaore eax Mey (-v>¥p28 eve o>xe Yeats i erase exe Gen e-29 peor) teeso z a end yeryte Lex cpr EE. tag bene 1) RE Eexzea oy © ¥ & es Ww epee saw (eo yeesea ae My Eoxpea 00's e>xa ana owavo a sureag aseuywaayag AIp vers 3 aTav 124.06STRUCTURES MANUAL 2 g 2 oO 3 3 2 é ‘s £ < e zi (MISCELLANEOUS ro ew LL assootoe = HA masa s+ 2 He roo (a Bow waso = * ca ceed pear gogo HE" 1z00 = * e-ey = Sw 7 258 (anrrant- Gow BE." 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Statically Indeterminate Beams STRUCTURES MANUAL misceunancous! — LTV aircraft Products Group tae @ ee o4o0 “) ose 124.86STRUCTURES MANUAL a 3 2 o g 3 3 2 a £ s & _ a MISCELLANEOUS ano z rl t be wer oe pew z 38> surag ayouywaajapuy Ap 12-106STRUCTURES MANUAL a 8 3 0 5 3 8 é $ a z - (MISCELLANEOUS 24015 on9 on snoua3Ta30 suianonowaNse ‘weans anv ROUSE aD sumag ayeurwaa}opuy AVIS “S-HS TT ATV 124-06STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV aircraft Products Group MISCELLANEOUS verdes ANaROW (2-4) ve ante (-ne-e) REL te he = yy My : veo, Prmsoe os Breuer prs = 9 hah 1 Bote) ee WW (Sevte# nde ome exo hes “ ord “yes arto teeere : ae i hy Maes a geo igeenthengeaatay BE te Seaede) | fs _ a7 ; aoesea — [yorad aie uJ | wetenmatievies tr . ED mm (ote v8 (tac) otuvnce te] (e-3 vd ede vert ature ed] Bee ® 190 sRaKOW ONIONS sureag awujwaiepul LONNIE F-9TIT ATAVL 124.06craft Products Group STRUCTURES MANUAL LTV MISCELLANEOUS L = é weno Sala etn =r =. , ocd SHeetaedane fo vero eee ? (E>0)ae she = a (hes) en 0% es MH 28 hoeome D Oo foe & ; apeoed sexe Me e¥y Be ee eal sureag awupwsarapuy AwINEIS ngZ' ATEVL 2146STRUCTURES MANUAL MISCELLANEOUS LTV aircraft Products Group 11.2.7 STRAIN GAGE DATA REDUCTION 113 REFERENCES Table 11.278 contain helpful information for educing stain 1, “Formula for Stessand Strin* Roark ond Youne, data for various age configuration McGraw-Hill Book Co. 2, “Analysis & Design of Plight Vehicla Structures", Brahm, ‘Te State Offset Co, 1965 Edition, ‘TANLE 112-70, Stenin Gage Data Reduction Formulas L| Ze reget ton i — Sener tectanguter = 1a, tere TS se Sir ry — ea 5t.ue) i Bes ty Tax. Seam atseee J+ feet cm. | ER oP bemaF] Ye ean ea] Va aP ice | z gaa. 2 effistenG ~ Sane ne Gowen | ELE en (isa Wi [fas a Veg hr eal ir EER ear Fae “yas AD) 6)! age ES £ Taos. 7B a i Veg Pe eng] = ey 7) ety Forney Bi ° Be tse] fear? fLitg.gy | [beat tet) Beh seven Fee] fk ag) ] [pues Matss ey Go ttt me) 1 124.06