FOUNDATION ANALYSIS

PB6
In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the UK National
Annex incorporating Corrigendum No.1
Tedds calculation version 3.3.01

Summary table
Description Unit Allowable Actual Utilisation Result
Sliding kN 1444.2 5.4 0.004 Pass
Base pressure kN/m2 615.7 275.2 0.447 Pass
Description Unit Provided Required Utilisation Result
Reinforcement x-direction mm2 8796 8115 0.923 Pass
Reinforcement y-direction mm2 7854 4514 0.575 Pass
Description Unit Allowable Actual Utilisation Result
Shear x-axis kN 1653 177 0.107 Pass
Shear y-axis kN 967 567 0.587 Pass
Punching shear N/mm2 3.128 2.127 0.680 Pass
Pad foundation details
Length of foundation; Lx = 3000 mm
Width of foundation; Ly = 5500 mm
Foundation area; A = Lx  Ly = 16.500 m2
Depth of foundation; h = 1200 mm
Depth of soil over foundation; hsoil = 600 mm
Level of water; hwater = 0 mm
Density of water; water = 9.8 kN/m3
Density of concrete; conc = 20.0 kN/m3
Column no.1 details
Length of column; lx1 = 500 mm
Width of column; ly1 = 500 mm
position in x-direction; x1 = 1500 mm
position in y-direction; y1 = 1875 mm
Column no.2 details
Length of column; lx2 = 500 mm
Width of column; ly2 = 500 mm
position in x-direction; x2 = 1500 mm
position in y-direction; y2 = 3625 mm
Soil properties
Density of soil; soil = 18.0 kN/m3
Characteristic cohesion; c'k = 0 kN/m2
Characteristic effective shear resistance angle; 'k = 30 deg
Characteristic friction angle; k = 20 deg
Foundation loads
Self weight; Fswt = h  conc = 24.0 kN/m2
Soil weight; Fsoil = hsoil  soil = 10.8 kN/m2
Column no.1 loads
Permanent horizontal load in x-direction; FGx1 = 0.1 kN
Permanent horizontal load in y-direction; FGy1 = 0.1 kN
Permanent axial load; FGz1 = 2468.6 kN
Permanent moment in x-direction; MGx1 = 0.3 kNm
Permanent moment in y-direction; MGy1 = 0.1 kNm
Column no.2 loads
Permanent horizontal load in x-direction; FGx2 = 3.7 kN
Permanent horizontal load in y-direction; FGy2 = -1.4 kN
Permanent axial load; FGz2 = 925.0 kN
Permanent moment in x-direction; MGx2 = 9.4 kNm
Permanent moment in y-direction; MGy2 = -3.5 kNm
Design approach 1
Partial factors on actions - Combination1
Partial factor set; A1
Permanent unfavourable action - Table A.3; G = 1.35
Permanent favourable action - Table A.3; Gf = 1.00
Variable unfavourable action - Table A.3; Q = 1.50
Variable favourable action - Table A.3; Qf = 0.00
Partial factors for soil parameters - Combination1
Soil factor set; M1
Angle of shearing resistance - Table A.4; ' = 1.00
Effective cohesion - Table A.4; c' = 1.00
Weight density - Table A.4;  = 1.00
Partial factors for spread foundations - Combination1
Resistance factor set; R1
Bearing - Table A.5; R.v = 1.00
Sliding - Table A.5; R.h = 1.00
Bearing resistance (Section 6.5.2)
Forces on foundation
Force in x-direction; Fdx = G  (FGx1 + FGx2) = 5.1 kN
Force in y-direction; Fdy = Gf  FGy1 + G  FGy2 = -1.8 kN
Force in z-direction; Fdz = G  (A  (Fswt + Fsoil) + FGz1 + FGz2) = 5356.5 kN
Moments on foundation
Moment in x-direction; Mdx = G  (A  (Fswt + Fsoil)  Lx / 2 + FGz1  x1 + FGz2  x2) +
G  (MGx1 + MGx2) + (G  (FGx1 + FGx2))  h = 8054.0 kNm
Moment in y-direction; Mdy = G  (A  (Fswt + Fsoil)  Ly / 2 + FGz1  y1 + FGz2  y2) +
Gf  MGy1 + G  MGy2 + (Gf  FGy1 + G  FGy2)  h = 12900.3
kNm
Eccentricity of base reaction
Eccentricity of base reaction in x-direction; ex = Mdx / Fdz - Lx / 2 = 4 mm
Eccentricity of base reaction in y-direction; ey = Mdy / Fdz - Ly / 2 = -342 mm
Effective area of base
Effective length; L'x = Lx - 2  ex = 2993 mm
Effective width; L'y = Ly + 2  ey = 4817 mm
Effective area; A' = L'x  L'y = 14.415 m2
Pad base pressure
Design base pressure; fdz = Fdz / A' = 371.6 kN/m2
Ultimate bearing capacity under drained conditions (Annex D.4)
Design angle of shearing resistance; 'd = atan(tan('k) / ') = 30.000 deg
Design effective cohesion; c'd = c'k / c' = 0.000 kN/m2
Effective overburden pressure; q = (h + hsoil)  soil - hwater  water = 32.400 kN/m2
Design effective overburden pressure; q' = q /  = 32.400 kN/m2
Bearing resistance factors; Nq = Exp(  tan('d))  (tan(45 deg + 'd / 2))2 = 18.401
Nc = (Nq - 1)  cot('d) = 30.140
N = 2  (Nq - 1)  tan('d) = 20.093
Foundation shape factors; sq = 1 + (L'x / L'y)  sin('d) = 1.311
s = 1 - 0.3  (L'x / L'y) = 0.814
sc = (sq  Nq - 1) / (Nq - 1) = 1.329
Load inclination factors; H = [Fdx2 + Fdy2]0.5 = 5.4 kN
my = [2 + (L'y / L'x)] / [1 + (L'y / L'x)] = 1.383
mx = [2 + (L'x / L'y)] / [1 + (L'x / L'y)] = 1.617
m = mx  cos(atan(Fdy / Fdx))2 + my  sin(atan(Fdy / Fdx))2 =
1.591
iq = [1 - H / (Fdz + A'  c'd  cot('d))]m = 0.998
i = [1 - H / (Fdz + A'  c'd  cot('d))]m + 1 = 0.997
ic = iq - (1 - iq) / (Nc  tan('d)) = 0.998
Ultimate bearing capacity; nf = c'd  Nc  sc  ic + q'  Nq  sq  iq + 0.5  soil  L'x  N 
s  i = 1219.3 kN/m2
PASS - Ultimate bearing capacity exceeds design base pressure
Sliding resistance (Section 6.5.3)
Forces on foundation
Force in x-direction; Fdx = G  (FGx1 + FGx2) = 5.1 kN
Force in y-direction; Fdy = Gf  FGy1 + G  FGy2 = -1.8 kN
Force in z-direction; Fdz = Gf  (A  (Fswt + Fsoil) + FGz1 + FGz2) = 3967.8 kN
Sliding resistance verification (Section 6.5.3)
Horizontal force on foundation; H = [Fdx2 + Fdy2]0.5 = 5.4 kN
Design friction angle d = atan(tan(k) / ') = 20 deg
Sliding resistance (exp.6.3a); RH.d = Fdz  tan(d) = 1444.2 kN
H / RH.d = 0.004
PASS - Foundation is not subject to failure by sliding
Design approach 1
Partial factors on actions - Combination2
Partial factor set; A2
Permanent unfavourable action - Table A.3; G = 1.00
Permanent favourable action - Table A.3; Gf = 1.00
Variable unfavourable action - Table A.3; Q = 1.30
Variable favourable action - Table A.3; Qf = 0.00
Partial factors for soil parameters - Combination2
Soil factor set; M2
Angle of shearing resistance - Table A.4; ' = 1.25
Effective cohesion - Table A.4; c' = 1.25
Weight density - Table A.4;  = 1.00
Partial factors for spread foundations - Combination2
Resistance factor set; R1
Bearing - Table A.5; R.v = 1.00
Sliding - Table A.5; R.h = 1.00
Bearing resistance (Section 6.5.2)
Forces on foundation
Force in x-direction; Fdx = G  (FGx1 + FGx2) = 3.8 kN
Force in y-direction; Fdy = G  FGy1 + Gf  FGy2 = -1.3 kN
Force in z-direction; Fdz = G  (A  (Fswt + Fsoil) + FGz1 + FGz2) = 3967.8 kN
Moments on foundation
Moment in x-direction; Mdx = G  (A  (Fswt + Fsoil)  Lx / 2 + FGz1  x1 + FGz2  x2) +
G  (MGx1 + MGx2) + (G  (FGx1 + FGx2))  h = 5966.0 kNm
Moment in y-direction; Mdy = G  (A  (Fswt + Fsoil)  Ly / 2 + FGz1  y1 + FGz2  y2) +
G  MGy1 + Gf  MGy2 + (G  FGy1 + Gf  FGy2)  h = 9555.8
kNm
Eccentricity of base reaction
Eccentricity of base reaction in x-direction; ex = Mdx / Fdz - Lx / 2 = 4 mm
Eccentricity of base reaction in y-direction; ey = Mdy / Fdz - Ly / 2 = -342 mm
Effective area of base
Effective length; L'x = Lx - 2  ex = 2993 mm
Effective width; L'y = Ly + 2  ey = 4817 mm
Effective area; A' = L'x  L'y = 14.415 m2
Pad base pressure
Design base pressure; fdz = Fdz / A' = 275.2 kN/m2
Ultimate bearing capacity under drained conditions (Annex D.4)
Design angle of shearing resistance; 'd = atan(tan('k) / ') = 24.791 deg
Design effective cohesion; c'd = c'k / c' = 0.000 kN/m2
Effective overburden pressure; q = (h + hsoil)  soil - hwater  water = 32.400 kN/m2
Design effective overburden pressure; q' = q /  = 32.400 kN/m2
Bearing resistance factors; Nq = Exp(  tan('d))  (tan(45 deg + 'd / 2))2 = 10.431
Nc = (Nq - 1)  cot('d) = 20.418
N = 2  (Nq - 1)  tan('d) = 8.712
Foundation shape factors; sq = 1 + (L'x / L'y)  sin('d) = 1.261
s = 1 - 0.3  (L'x / L'y) = 0.814
sc = (sq  Nq - 1) / (Nq - 1) = 1.288
Load inclination factors; H = [Fdx2 + Fdy2]0.5 = 4.0 kN
my = [2 + (L'y / L'x)] / [1 + (L'y / L'x)] = 1.383
mx = [2 + (L'x / L'y)] / [1 + (L'x / L'y)] = 1.617
m = mx  cos(atan(Fdy / Fdx))2 + my  sin(atan(Fdy / Fdx))2 =
1.592
iq = [1 - H / (Fdz + A'  c'd  cot('d))]m = 0.998
 i = [1 - H / (Fdz + A'  c'd  cot('d))]m + 1 = 0.997
ic = iq - (1 - iq) / (Nc  tan('d)) = 0.998
Ultimate bearing capacity; nf = c'd  Nc  sc  ic + q'  Nq  sq  iq + 0.5  soil  L'x  N 
s  i = 615.7 kN/m2
PASS - Ultimate bearing capacity exceeds design base pressure
Sliding resistance (Section 6.5.3)
Forces on foundation
Force in x-direction; Fdx = G  (FGx1 + FGx2) = 3.8 kN
Force in y-direction; Fdy = G  FGy1 + Gf  FGy2 = -1.3 kN
Force in z-direction; Fdz = Gf  (A  (Fswt + Fsoil) + FGz1 + FGz2) = 3967.8 kN
Sliding resistance verification (Section 6.5.3)
Horizontal force on foundation; H = [Fdx2 + Fdy2]0.5 = 4.0 kN
Design friction angle d = atan(tan(k) / ') = 16.234 deg
Sliding resistance (exp.6.3a); RH.d = Fdz  tan(d) = 1155.3 kN
H / RH.d = 0.003
PASS - Foundation is not subject to failure by sliding

FOUNDATION DESIGN
In accordance with EN1992-1-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated January 2008 and the UK National
Annex incorporating National Amendment No.1
Tedds calculation version 3.3.01

Concrete details (Table 3.1 - Strength and deformation characteristics for concrete)
Concrete strength class; C20/25
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength; fck = 20 N/mm2
Characteristic compressive cube strength; fck,cube = 25 N/mm2
Mean value of compressive cylinder strength; fcm = fck + 8 N/mm2 = 28 N/mm2
Mean value of axial tensile strength; fctm = 0.3 N/mm2  (fck/ 1 N/mm2)2/3 = 2.2 N/mm2
5% fractile of axial tensile strength; fctk,0.05 = 0.7  fctm = 1.5 N/mm2
Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete; Ecm = 22 kN/mm2  [fcm/10 N/mm2]0.3 = 29962 N/mm2
Partial factor for concrete (Table 2.1N); C = 1.50
Compressive strength coefficient (cl.3.1.6(1)); cc = 0.85
Design compressive concrete strength (exp.3.15); fcd = cc  fck / C = 11.3 N/mm2
Tens.strength coeff.for plain concrete (cl.12.3.1(1)); ct,pl = 0.80
Des.tens.strength for plain concrete (exp.12.1); fctd,pl = ct,pl  fctk,0.05 / C = 0.8 N/mm2
Maximum aggregate size; hagg = 20 mm
Ultimate strain - Table 3.1; cu2 = 0.0035
Shortening strain - Table 3.1; cu3 = 0.0035
Effective compression zone height factor;  = 0.80
Effective strength factor;  = 1.00
Bending coefficient k1; K1 = 0.40
Bending coefficient k2; K2 = 1.00  (0.6 + 0.0014/cu2) =1.00
Bending coefficient k3; K3 =0.40
Bending coefficient k4; K4 =1.00  (0.6 + 0.0014/cu2) = 1.00
Reinforcement details
Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement; fyk = 460 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of reinforcement; Es = 210000 N/mm2
Partial factor for reinforcing steel (Table 2.1N); S = 1.15
Design yield strength of reinforcement; fyd = fyk / S = 400 N/mm2
Nominal cover to top of foundation; cnom_t = 30 mm
Nominal cover to bottom of foundation; cnom_b = 30 mm
Nominal cover to side of foundation; cnom_s = 30 mm
Shear diagram, x axis (kN)

Moment diagram, x axis (kNm)

Rectangular section in flexure (Section 6.1)

Design bending moment; MEd.x.max = 1200.3 kNm
Depth to tension reinforcement; d = h - cnom_b - y.bot - x.bot / 2 = 1135 mm
K = MEd.x.max / (Ly  d2  fck) = 0.008
K' = (2    cc/C)(1 -   ( - K1)/(2  K2))(  ( - K1)/(2
 K2))
K' = 0.207
K' > K - No compression reinforcement is required
Lever arm; z = min(0.5 + 0.5  (1 - 2  K / (  cc / C))0.5, 0.95)  d =
1078 mm
Depth of neutral axis; x = 2.5  (d - z) = 142 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; Asx.bot.req = MEd.x.max / (fyd  z) = 2783 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided; 20  bars @ 200 c/c bottom
Area of tension reinforcement provided; Asx.bot.prov = 8796 mm2
Minimum area of reinforcement (exp.9.1N); As.min = max(0.26  fctm / fyk, 0.0013)  Ly  d = 8115 mm2
Maximum area of reinforcement (cl.9.2.1.1(3)); As.max = 0.04  Ly  d = 249700 mm2
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Crack control (Section 7.3)
Limiting crack width; wmax = 0.4 mm
Variable load factor (EN1990 – Table A1.1); 2 = 0.3
Serviceability bending moment; Msls.x.max = 889.1 kNm
Tensile stress in reinforcement; s = Msls.x.max / (Asx.bot.prov  z) = 93.7 N/mm2
Load duration factor; kt = 0.4
Effective depth of concrete in tension; hc.ef = min(2.5  (h - d), (h - x) / 3, h / 2) = 162 mm
Effective area of concrete in tension; Ac.eff = hc.ef  Ly = 893750 mm2
Mean value of concrete tensile strength; fct.eff = fctm = 2.2 N/mm2
Reinforcement ratio; p.eff = Asx.bot.prov / Ac.eff = 0.010
Modular ratio; e = Es / Ecm = 7.009
Bond property coefficient; k1 = 0.8
Strain distribution coefficient; k2 = 0.5
k3 = 3.4 =3.4
k4 = 0.425
Maximum crack spacing (exp.7.11); sr.max = k3  (cnom_b + y.bot) + k1  k2  k4  x.bot / p.eff = 532
mm
Maximum crack width (exp.7.8); wk = sr.max  max([s – kt  (fct.eff / p.eff) (1 + e  p.eff)] / Es,
0.6  s / Es) = 0.143 mm
PASS - Maximum crack width is less than limiting crack width
Library item: Crack width output

Rectangular section in shear (Section 6.2)

Design shear force; abs(VEd.x.min) = 177 kN
CRd,c = 0.18 / C = 0.120
k = min(1 + (200 mm / d), 2) = 1.419
Longitudinal reinforcement ratio; l = min(Asx.bot.prov / (Ly  d), 0.02) = 0.001
vmin = 0.035 N1/2/mm  k3/2  fck0.5 = 0.265 N/mm2
Design shear resistance (exp.6.2a & 6.2b); VRd.c = max(CRd.c  k  (100 N2/mm4  l  fck)1/3, vmin)  Ly 
d
VRd.c = 1655.8 kN
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force
Shear diagram, y axis (kN)

Moment diagram, y axis (kNm)

Rectangular section in flexure (Section 6.1)

Design bending moment; MEd.y.max = 1656.3 kNm
Depth to tension reinforcement; d = h - cnom_b - y.bot / 2 = 1158 mm
K = MEd.y.max / (Lx  d2  fck) = 0.021
K' = (2    cc/C)(1 -   ( - K1)/(2  K2))(  ( - K1)/(2
 K2))
K' = 0.207
K' > K - No compression reinforcement is required
Lever arm; z = min(0.5 + 0.5  (1 - 2  K / (  cc / C))0.5, 0.95)  d =
1100 mm
Depth of neutral axis; x = 2.5  (d - z) = 145 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; Asy.bot.req = MEd.y.max / (fyd  z) = 3766 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided; 25  bars @ 200 c/c bottom
Area of tension reinforcement provided; Asy.bot.prov = 7854 mm2
Minimum area of reinforcement (exp.9.1N); As.min = max(0.26  fctm / fyk, 0.0013)  Lx  d = 4514 mm2
Maximum area of reinforcement (cl.9.2.1.1(3)); As.max = 0.04  Lx  d = 138900 mm2
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Crack control (Section 7.3)
Limiting crack width; wmax = 0.4 mm
Variable load factor (EN1990 – Table A1.1); 2 = 0.3
Serviceability bending moment; Msls.y.max = 1226.9 kNm
Tensile stress in reinforcement; s = Msls.y.max / (Asy.bot.prov  z) = 142.1 N/mm2
Load duration factor; kt = 0.4
Effective depth of concrete in tension; hc.ef = min(2.5  (h - d), (h - x) / 3, h / 2) = 106 mm
Effective area of concrete in tension; Ac.eff = hc.ef  Lx = 318750 mm2
Mean value of concrete tensile strength; fct.eff = fctm = 2.2 N/mm2
Reinforcement ratio; p.eff = Asy.bot.prov / Ac.eff = 0.025
Modular ratio; e = Es / Ecm = 7.009
Bond property coefficient; k1 = 0.8
Strain distribution coefficient; k2 = 0.5
k3 = 3.4 =3.4
k4 = 0.425
Maximum crack spacing (exp.7.11); sr.max = k3  cnom_b + k1  k2  k4  y.bot / p.eff = 274 mm
Maximum crack width (exp.7.8); wk = sr.max  max([s – kt  (fct.eff / p.eff) (1 + e  p.eff)] / Es,
0.6  s / Es) = 0.131 mm
PASS - Maximum crack width is less than limiting crack width
Library item: Crack width output

Rectangular section in shear (Section 6.2)

Design shear force; VEd.y.max = 567.4 kN
CRd,c = 0.18 / C = 0.120
k = min(1 + (200 mm / d), 2) = 1.419
Longitudinal reinforcement ratio; l = min(Asy.bot.prov / (Lx  d), 0.02) = 0.002
vmin = 0.035 N1/2/mm  k3/2  fck0.5 = 0.265 N/mm2
Design shear resistance (exp.6.2a & 6.2b); VRd.c = max(CRd.c  k  (100 N2/mm4  l  fck)1/3, vmin)  Lx 
d
VRd.c = 966.8 kN
PASS - Design shear resistance exceeds design shear force
Punching shear (Section 6.4)

Strength reduction factor (exp 6.6N); v = 0.6  [1 - fck / 250 N/mm2] = 0.552

Average depth to reinforcement; d = 1148 mm

Maximum punching shear resistance (cl.6.4.5(3)); vRd.max = 0.5  v  fcd = 3.128 N/mm2

k = min(1 + (200 mm / d), 2) = 1.417

Longitudinal reinforcement ratio (cl.6.4.4(1)); lx = Asx.bot.prov / (Ly  d) = 0.001

ly = Asy.bot.prov / (Lx  d) = 0.002

l = min((lx  ly), 0.02) = 0.002

CRd,c = 0.18 / C =0.120

vmin = 0.035 N1/2/mm  k3/2  fck0.5 = 0.264 N/mm2

Design punching shear resistance (exp.6.47); vRd.c = max(CRd.c  k  (100 N2/mm4  l  fck)1/3, vmin) =
0.264 N/mm2

Design punching shear resistance at 1d (exp. 6.50); vRd.c1 = (2  d / d) 

2
vRd.c = 0.528 N/mm

Column No.1 - Punching shear perimeter at column face

Punching shear perimeter; u0 = 2000 mm
Area within punching shear perimeter; A0 = 0.250 m2
Maximum punching shear force; VEd.max = 3251.5 kN
Punching shear stress factor (fig 6.21N);  = 1.500
Maximum punching shear stress (exp 6.38); vEd.max =   VEd.max / (u0  d) = 2.125 N/mm2
PASS - Maximum punching shear resistance exceeds maximum punching shear stress
Column No.1 - Punching shear perimeter at 1d from column face
Punching shear perimeter; u1 = 9210 mm
Area within punching shear perimeter; A1 = 6.682 m2
Design punching shear force; VEd.1 = 1163.7 kN
Punching shear stress factor (fig 6.21N);  = 1.500
Design punching shear stress (exp 6.38); vEd.1 =   VEd.1 / (u1  d) = 0.165 N/mm2
PASS - Design punching shear resistance exceeds increased design punching shear stress
Column No.2 - Punching shear perimeter at column face
Punching shear perimeter; u0 = 2000 mm
Area within punching shear perimeter; A0 = 0.250 m2
Maximum punching shear force; VEd.max = 1167.6 kN
Punching shear stress factor (fig 6.21N);  = 1.500
Maximum punching shear stress (exp 6.38); vEd.max =   VEd.max / (u0  d) = 0.763 N/mm2
PASS - Maximum punching shear resistance exceeds maximum punching shear stress