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?MODALS

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?MODALS

Work

Uploaded by

vrajkpatel1416
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📝 MODALS

📌 1. What Are Modals?

Modals are auxiliary verbs that express ability, possibility, permission, obligation, advice, or necessity.

They are always used with the base form of the main verb (without ‘to’).

🔠 2. Common Modal Verbs

Modal Verb Function


Can Ability, permission, possibility
Could Past ability, polite request, possibility
May Permission, possibility, wish
Might Weak possibility
Must Strong obligation, logical certainty
Shall Suggestion, future (formal)
Should Advice, expectation
Will Future, willingness, determination
Would Politeness, wish, future in the past
Ought to Moral duty, advice
Need Necessity (semi-modal)
Dare Challenge, courage (semi-modal)
Used to Past habit

📘 3. Important Modals with Usage ✅ MAY

✅ CAN • Permission: May I come in?


• Possibility: It may rain today.
• Ability: She can swim very well. • Wish: May you live long!
• Permission: Can I borrow your book?
• Possibility: It can rain today. ✅ MIGHT

✅ COULD • Weak possibility: He might come


tomorrow.
• Past ability: I could climb trees when I was
younger. ✅ MUST
• Polite request: Could you help me, please?
• Possibility: He could be at the library. • Strong obligation: You must wear a
helmet.
• Logical conclusion: He must be tired. • Willingness: I will help you.
• Promise: I will never forget you.
✅ SHALL
✅ WOULD
• Future (formal): I shall return soon.
• Suggestion: Shall we dance? • Politeness: Would you like some tea?
• Habitual past: He would often visit us.
✅ SHOULD • Imaginary situations: I would travel the
world if I had money.
• Advice: You should eat healthy food.
• Expectation: He should be home by now. ✅ OUGHT TO

✅ WILL • Moral duty: You ought to respect elders.


• Advice: He ought to consult a doctor.
• Future: She will arrive at 5 p.m.

🧠 4. Semi-Modals

Semi-Modal Use Example


Need (as modal) Necessity You need not worry.
Dare (as modal) Challenge How dare you say that!
Used to Past habit He used to play cricket.

⚠ 5. Key Rules & Notes

• Modals do not change with subject (no -s or -ed endings).


o ✅ He can dance.
o ❌ He cans dance.
• Always followed by base verb (V1).
o ✅ She must go now.
o ❌ She must goes now.
• Negative form: Modal + not + V1
o She should not smoke.
o He can’t swim.

🧩 6. Common Mistakes

Incorrect Correct
He must to go now. He must go now.
Incorrect Correct
She cans sing well. She can sing well.
May you coming with us? May you come with us?
You should to respect your elders. You should respect your elders.

✍ MODALS WORKSHEET

🔹 Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with appropriate modals

(Can, Could, May, Might, Should, Must, Will, Would, Shall, Ought to)

1. You _________ obey your teachers.

2. _________ I come in, sir?

3. He _________ run 5 km without stopping.

4. I _________ visit you tomorrow.

5. We _________ leave now or we’ll miss the bus.

6. She _________ play the piano when she was five.

7. You _________ not talk during the exam.

8. They _________ be at the café. I'm not sure.

9. Children _________ be taught discipline.

10. _________ we go for a walk?

🔹 Exercise 2: Choose the correct modal verb

(Underline the correct modal in brackets)

1. You (must / might) carry your ID card at all dmes.

2. (Shall / Would) I help you with your luggage?

3. It (can / could) rain later in the evening.

4. He (can / must) be at home – the lights are on.

5. We (ought to / may) be more careful with the environment.

6. You (should / will) not waste water.

7. (Can / Might) you please close the window?

8. She (would / could) sing beaudfully when she was younger.


9. You (may / shall) now enter the examinadon hall.

10. They (must / can) be sleeping – it’s 1 a.m.

🔹 Exercise 3: Correct the following sentences

1. He should to arrive soon.

2. I can to help you with this task.

3. She musts complete the work.

4. You may goes now.

5. Would you like coming with us?

6. They mighted be late.

7. He cans solve any puzzle.

8. We ought visit the doctor.

9. May you helps me?

10. She must to be dred.

🔹 Exercise 4: Match the modals with their correct usage

A – Modals B – Usage

1. Can a. Weak possibility

2. Should b. Future predicdon

3. Might c. Past ability

4. Will d. Advice

5. Could e. Moral obligadon

6. May f. Strong necessity

7. Ought to g. Permission

8. Must h. Ability

9. Would i. Polite request

10. Shall j. Formal suggesdon


🔹 Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences using the correct modal

1. It is necessary that you submit your homework today.


→ You __________ submit your homework today.

2. Is it okay if I sit here?


→ __________ I sit here?

3. It is your moral duty to help the poor.


→ You __________ help the poor.

4. There is a possibility that he will win the compeddon.


→ He __________ win the compeddon.

5. It was possible for him to crack the code easily.


→ He __________ crack the code easily.

6. I request you to wait outside.


→ __________ you wait outside?

7. I suggest we start now.


→ __________ we start now?

8. It is not necessary to bring your books tomorrow.


→ You __________ bring your books tomorrow.

9. It is compulsory to wear uniforms in school.


→ Students __________ wear uniforms.

10. I was able to lih the box yesterday.


→ I __________ lih the box yesterday.

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