Gender and Development was developed in the 1980’s as an alternative to the Women in

Development (WID) approach.

Ko Unlike WID, the GAD approach is not concerned specifically ko with women, but with the
way in which a society assigns roles, responsibilities, and expectations to both men and women.
GAD applies gender analysis to uncover the ways in which men and women work together,
presenting results in neutral terms of economics and competence.

Making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the
design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of policies, programs and projects in all
social, political, civil, and economic spheres so that women and men benefit equally; and
Assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation,
policies or programs in all areas and at all levels.

https://aics.dswd.gov.ph/gender-and-development-gad-corner/
​
​
One of the early definitions of the term 'gender' dates back to 1978 and was put forward by
Whitehead®:
No study of women and development can start from the viewpoint that the problem is women,
but rather men and women, and more specifically the relations between them.
The relations between men and women are socially constituted and not derived from biology.
Therefore the term gender relations should distinguish such social relations between men and
women from those characteristics, which can be derived from biological differences. In this
connection sex is the province of biology, i.e. fixed and unchangeable qualities, while gender is
the province of social science, i.e. qualities which are shaped through the history of social
relations and interactions (Whitehead, quoted in Ostergaard, 1992:6). The GAD concept
emerged in the 1980s out of the criticisms of the earlier WID concept, and has its roots in
socialist feminism: Socialist feminists have identified the social construction of production and
reproduction as the basis of women's oppression and have focused attention on the social
relations of gender, questioning the validity of roles that have been ascribed to both women and
men in different societies (Rathgeber, 1990:494).
​
https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.oefse.at/fileadmin/content/Downloads/Publikationen/
Foren/Forum32.pdf&sa=U&sqi=2&ved=2ahUKEwi5_Oi0jZmNAxX56jgGHbM2LQ8QFnoECB8Q
AQ&usg=AOvVaw2SFwq7KGEW-ErTV4uZY8PW ​

​
The Magna Carta of Women (Republic Act No. 9710) defines Gender and Development
Program (GAD) as the development perspective and process that is participatory and
empowering, equitable, sustainable, free from violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of
self-determination and actualization of human potentials. It seeks to achieve gender equality as
a fundamental value that should be reflected in development choices and contends that women
are active agents of development, not just passive recipients of development.
GAD focuses on Gender Mainstreaming or a strategy for:
– Making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the
design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of policies, programs and projects in all
social, political, civil, and economic spheres so that women and men benefit equally; and
– Assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation,
policies or programs in all areas and at all levels.

https://www.gsis.gov.ph/gad/​
​

The GAD Program of Cagayan State University is an institutional initiative that promotes gender
equality and women empowerment through education, research, community engagement, and
administrative practices. Guided by national laws such as the Magna Carta of Women (RA
9710) and RA 7192, the program aims to address gender issues by integrating gender-sensitive
approaches in curriculum, training, extension services, and policymaking. Key activities include
gender sensitivity trainings, livelihood programs for women, gender-fair instructional materials,
and support services. CSU’s GAD program reflects the university’s commitment to creating an
inclusive, just, and equitable environment for all.

https://csu.edu.ph/gad​
​
​
Psychologists have long been intrigued with the processes involved in the development of the
‘gendered’ self. Children grow up in a world ubiquitous with social categories and by the time
that they are toddlers, they learn to label others and themselves according to their gender. By
the time they enter elementary school, children know a wide range of gender stereotypes.
Children also develop sex-typed behaviors at an early age, and such behaviors tend to increase
during early childhood. Because the development of gender-related knowledge and sex-typed
behavior appear to coincide, the relationship between these two facets of gender development
remains an area of active study. During early childhood, it has been suggested by some
researchers that attainment of gender identity has important implications for the adoption and
maintenance of sex-typed behavior. However, as children become older, develop more complex
identities, and become embedded in more complex social worlds, it is believed that the
influence of gender identity may expand and become important for self-evaluation and
psychological wellbeing.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/gender-development#:~:text=Gender%20
development%20refers%20to%20the,behaviors%2C%20attitudes%2C%20and%20identity.​
​
​
The Philippine Commission on Women highlights Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5)
from the 2030 Agenda, which aims to achieve gender equality and empower all women and
girls. SDG 5 targets include ending discrimination and violence against women, eliminating
harmful practices like child marriage, ensuring equal participation in leadership, and
securing universal access to sexual and reproductive rights. The Philippines aligns its
national policies with these global goals, with the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA)
monitoring progress through designated SDG indicators. Localization efforts include
campaigns to end violence against women, enhancing support services, and strengthening
gender equality programs to ensure inclusive and sustainable development.​
​
https://pcw.gov.ph/gender-equality-and-the-sustainable-development-goals/

A study that was conducted to review on how gender is experienced for men and women at
such a young age for long term development planning. First, The importance of the
involvement of behavioral patterns that comes with age includes children learning about
gender stereotype, differences between each gender and the negative aspects such as
sexism and prejudice.
Second, reviewing stability in both genders by separating both genders and their curiosity to
learn about new concepts. Our last approach is about the dynamics systems theory where
we use the structure to describe the stability between both genders, and the changes thst
are happening to them as they grew older.
This approach will determine different perspectives on patterns and biases and how gender
is experienced between men and women

https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100511

Gender is a complicated variable that is influenced by social, cultural, economic, and

political settings. It is important to civil society movements' activity as well. Sex refers to the
biological distinctions between men and women, while gender refers to the socially
produced distinctions between men and women. Age, marital status, religion, ethnicity,
culture, race, class or caste, and other factors all influence gender differences, which are
socially constructed. There is minimal variation in sexual differences across these variables.

The necessity to make sure that gender is considered and incorporated into development
programs has been acknowledged by development analysts for a number of decades. By
incorporating gender into development, practitioners are addressing the needs of both men
and women in order of priority and are cognizant of the potential positive or negative
consequences for each. These analysts also dive into the relevancy, history and
movements taken in regards to gender and development.
https://www.downtoearth-indonesia.org/story/gender-and-development-basic-concepts#:~:text=
Being%20socially%20constructed%2C%20gender%20differences,vary%20little%20across%20t
hese%20variables.