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Lec8 Gas to Liquid Process.pptx

Gas-to-liquids (GTL) is a process that converts natural gas into liquid fuels, primarily using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The process involves converting methane to syngas, which is then transformed into liquid hydrocarbons for various applications. Commercially, companies like Shell and SASOL have successfully implemented GTL technology, with facilities such as the Pearl GTL plant in Qatar leading in production.

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8 views15 pages

Lec8 Gas to Liquid Process.pptx

Gas-to-liquids (GTL) is a process that converts natural gas into liquid fuels, primarily using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The process involves converting methane to syngas, which is then transformed into liquid hydrocarbons for various applications. Commercially, companies like Shell and SASOL have successfully implemented GTL technology, with facilities such as the Pearl GTL plant in Qatar leading in production.

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yousefatwa7
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHE 261Natural gas Engineering

2022-2023
Instructor : Associate Prof. Marwa Abdelfattah
Email: [email protected]

Lec.8 Gas to Liquid Processes


GAS-TO-LIQUIDS (GTL)
 Gas-to-liquids (GTL) is a process that converts
natural gas to liquid fuels such as gasoline,
jet fuel, and diesel. GTL can also make waxes. The
most common technique used at GTL facilities is
Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis.

2
GTP VALUE CREATION (GAS TO PRODUCT)

Feedstock (Gas): $0 to 1.50/MMBTU


Products: $10/MMBTU
(diesel at $50 oil or methanol at $200/t)

Advantages of GTP:
• Transportable, high value products
• Greater netback to the feedstock(for business)
• New markets for gas
GAS TO LIQUIDS (GTL)
 GTL is a refinery process to convert natural gas or other
gaseous hydrocarbons into longer-chain hydrocarbons
such as gasoline or diesel fuel.
 Methane-rich gases are converted into liquid synthetic
fuels either via direct conversion or via syngas as an
intermediate, for example using the Fischer Tropsch (most
common) or Mobil processes.

5
FISCHER–TROPSCH PROCESS
 This method starts with partial oxidation of
methane (natural gas) to carbon dioxide, carbon
monoxide, hydrogen and water. ”First step”
 The carbon monoxide to hydrogen (H2) ratio is
adjusted (using the water gas shift reaction).
 and the excess carbon dioxide removal by aqueous
solutions of alkanolamine (or physical solvents).
 The water is removed by dehydration .

 The yield gas(CO+ H2) called synthesis gas (syngas)


that is chemically reacted over an iron or cobalt
catalyst to produce liquid hydrocarbons and other by
products. ”second step ;catalytic reaction”
6
F-T GTL PROCESS
 The first step in the F-T GTL process is converting
the natural gas, which is mostly methane, to a
mixture of hydrogen, and carbon monoxide. This
mixture is called syngas.
 The second step ,The syngas is cleaned to remove
sulfur, water, and carbon dioxide, in order to
prevent catalyst contamination.
 The F-T reaction combines hydrogen with carbon
monoxide to form different liquid hydrocarbons.
These liquid products are then further processed
using different refining technologies into liquid
fuels.
7
FISCHER–TROPSCH PROCESS (CONT.)

8
More than
one feed
stock

Unreacted
Catalytic
gases
reaction

9
MOBIL PROCESS
• An alternative path starts by conversion of the natural gas to syngas,
• conversion of the syngas to methanol which is subsequently polymerized
into alkanes over a zeolite catalyst.
• It was developed by Mobil in early 1970s.
• Methanol is made from methane (natural gas) in a series of three
reactions: Mobil process

1.Steam reforming: CH4 + H2O → CO + 3 H2 ΔHr = +206 kJ mol-1 ,Endo


2.Water shift reaction: CO + H2O → CO2 + H2 ΔHr = -41 kJ mol-1 ,Exo
3.Synthesis: 2 H2 + CO → CH3OH ΔHr = -92 kJ mol-1 ,Exo

10
MOBIL PROCESS (CONT.)
• The methanol thus formed may be converted to gasoline by the
Mobil process.
• First methanol is dehydrated to give di-methylether: (DME)

2 CH3OH → CH3OCH3 + H2O

• This is then further dehydrated over a zeolite catalyst, ZSM-5,


to give a gasoline with 80% (by weight based on the organics in
the product stream) C5+ hydrocarbon products.
• ZSM-5 is deactivated by a carbon build-up ("coking") over time
in converting methanol to gasoline.
• The catalyst can be re-activated by burning off the coke in a
stream of hot air(500 °C (930 °F)); however, the number of re-
activation cycles is limited. 11
COMMERCIAL USES OF GTL:
 Two companies, SASOL and Shell, have technology proven to work
on a commercial scale. PetroSA completed semi-commercial
demonstrations of gas to liquids used by the company in 2011.
 Using gas to liquids processes, refineries can convert some of their
gaseous waste products ( flare gas) into valuable fuel oils, which
can be sold as is or blended only with diesel fuel.
 This process will be increasingly significant as crude oil resources
are depleted.
 Shell produces a diesel from natural gas in a factory in Bintulu,
Malaysia. Another Shell GTL facility is the Pearl GTL plant in
Qatar, the world's largest GTL facility and there are reports that
Shell is looking at the feasibility of a GTL facility in Louisiana,
US. SASOL has recently built 34kb/d Oryx GTL facility in Ras
Laffan Industrial City, Qatar. 12
PEARL GTL
• Pearl GTL is the world’s largest plant to turn natural gas
into cleaner burning liquid fuels using Shell technology.
• It is making steady progress in ramping up production,
after selling first commercial shipment of GTL Gasoil in
June 2011.
• The plant will help to meet the world’s growing demand
for cleaner energy. Discover the project and the people
involved.

13
PEARL GTL (CONT)
LOCATION: QATAR, RAS LAFFAN INDUSTRIAL CITY
Category: Integrated gas and gas-to-liquids project
Ownership: Development and Production Sharing Agreement with
Government of the State Qatar, 100% Shell funding

Operator: Shell
Development cost: $18 billion-$19 billion
Peak: 1,6 bcf/d of gas resulting in:
Production: - 140 kbo/d of gas-to-liquids products (2 trains)
- 120 kbo/d of natural gas liquids and ethane
Total production: 3 billion boe of natural gas over the life of the project
Key contractors: JGC/KBR joint venture

14
GTP:
INCLUSIVE TERM FOR ALL CHEMICAL GAS
CONVERSION OPTIONS

PREMIUM PRODUCTS

GTL PROCESS
Diesel
Reforming Naphtha
FT Upgrading

Lubes
O2 Synthesis GTC or GTFC TECHNOLOGIES
Methane Gas Methanol and DME
CH4 H2O CO + Olefins, Gasoline
H2 recent
Hydrogen
Others

GTL: Gas to Liquids (FT- Fischer Tropsch)


15
GTC: Gas to Chemicals
GTFC: Gas to Fuels and Chemicals
INDUSTRY MOVES FROM GTP TO “XTP”
Any
feedstock

Conversion Technologies
GTL PROCESS
Diesel
Reforming Naphtha
FT Upgrading

Methane Lubes
Coal GTC or GTFC TECHNOLOGIES
Petcoke Synthesis
Methanol and DME
Biomass Gas
Olefins, Gasoline
CO + H2
Hydrogen
Others
Gasification
Clean Coal Technologies
16
Gasification is more expensive than reforming
Requires CO2 sequestration

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