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TEST 2

The document provides an overview of anthropometry, highlighting its importance in assessing body composition, growth, and physical characteristics relevant to sports. It details various measurement techniques for stature, sitting height, limb lengths, and their implications for health and performance. Additionally, it discusses the advantages of anthropometric measurements, including their non-invasive nature and cost-effectiveness.

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3 views

TEST 2

The document provides an overview of anthropometry, highlighting its importance in assessing body composition, growth, and physical characteristics relevant to sports. It details various measurement techniques for stature, sitting height, limb lengths, and their implications for health and performance. Additionally, it discusses the advantages of anthropometric measurements, including their non-invasive nature and cost-effectiveness.

Uploaded by

عمر دماطي
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Test & Measurements 1, Section 2

TEST & MEASUREMENTS 1, SECTION 2

Anthropometry Overview
Anthropometry provides essen0al data used to appraise body
composi0on.

• Key measurements:
Girths and skin folds are used to es0mate body density, total body fat,
and subcutaneous fat.
Trunk and limb girths are indicators of rela0ve muscle mass.

Assessment and Monitoring of Growth

• Growth in stature and weight serves as markers of health, nutri0onal


status, and developmental progress.
• Both absolute and propor<onal changes in body measures impact:
Strength
Movement mechanics
Physiological parameters (influenced by training or detraining).

Anthropometrical Prototypes for Specific Sports

• In sports, anthropometry helps in assessing and monitoring the common


physical characteris<cs of athletes.
• These prototypes assist in:
Talent iden<fica<on
Developing training protocols
Designing appropriate equipment.

Advantages of Anthropometric Measurement

1. Non-invasive
2. Ease of use
3. Reliability
4. Cost-effec<veness: Inexpensive and portable equipment

Growth Characteris<cs Related to Anthropometry

• Growth is a highly variable aspect during infancy, childhood, and


adolescence.
• Soma<c growth: Refers to the regular increase in <ssue mass, leading to
significant changes in size and propor0on.

1
TEST & MEASUREMENTS 1, SECTION 2

Physique Changes Related to Growth

Growth impacts physique and may influence:


• Skill and exercise tolerance
• Injury poten<al
• Mechanics of movement
• Physiological capaci<es
• It is essen0al to account for individual poten0als and varia0ons.

Growth Measurement Tables

• Height and weight are recorded using specific tables, including:


1. Height for age
2. Weight for age
3. Weight for height

Measuring Stature

Method:
• The subject should be barefoot, standing erect against a ver0cal surface
such as a wall or door, with heels and toes together and arms hanging by the sides.
• The measurement is taken as “the maximum distance from the floor to the
vertex of the head,” which is the highest point on the skull.

• Stretch Stature:
• To measure, apply gentle upward trac<on while the subject stands erect.
• Ensure hair clips and ribbons are removed to avoid obstruc0on.
• A pencil mark is placed on the wall at the head’s level, and the distance
from the floor to the mark is measured using a tape.

2
TEST & MEASUREMENTS 1, SECTION 2

Measuring SiNng Height

• Defini<on: The siWng height is “the distance from the vertex to the
surface on which the erect subject is seated.”
• There is no general agreement on whether the feet should hang freely or
be supported.
• However, in both cases, the thighs should rest horizontally, with knees
flexed over the edge of the siWng surface.

Measuring SiNng Height

• Posture: The subject should sit up straight during the measurement.


• Important Notes:
- Ensure the subject does not reposi<on or push upwards with hands or
legs.
- The measurement is taken from the posterior (back) of the pa0ent.
- Sub-ischial height (the length of the lower limbs) is calculated by
subtrac0ng siWng height from stature height.

3
TEST & MEASUREMENTS 1, SECTION 2

Measuring Limb Lengths

• Method:

• Length of limb segments can be measured:


- Directly between two skeletal landmarks.
- As ver0cal distance between a flat surface (e.g., floor) and a skeletal
landmark.

• Projected lengths can be calculated by subtrac<on of various segment


lengths (e.g., trochanteric height minus 0bial height gives an es0mate of the femur
length, though this is not always accurate).

• Tape Measurement:
- The most valid tool for measuring long limb segments.
• Discrepancies:
- Upper limb discrepancies affect cosme<c appearance.
- Lower limb discrepancies impact both cosme<c appearance and func<on.

Inequality of Lower Limb Length


• Affects the gait paTern and overall func0on.
• Causes degenera<ve changes in weight-bearing joints.
• Leads to deformi<es:
- Ini0ally non-structural, poten0ally becoming structural over 0me.
• Unilateral shortening of the lower limb can cause:
- Pelvic <lt
- Scoliosis
- Dropping of the shoulder
- Til<ng of the head

Uses of Tape Measurement for Round/Contour Measurements

1. Muscle: To detect atrophy or hypertrophy.


2. Joint: To assess swelling.
3. Chest: To evaluate mobility.

4
TEST & MEASUREMENTS 1, SECTION 2

A. Long Measurements - Upper Limb Length

1. Whole Upper Limb Length:


• Measurement is taken from the acromion process (upper shoulder
landmark) to the styloid process of the radius (lower wrist landmark).
• The arm is in an anatomical posi<on, relaxed at the side.

2. Segmental Measurement
• Upper Arm Length:
• With the arm flexed at 90°, the measurement is taken from the acromial
landmark to the olecranon process of the ulna.

3. Hand Length:
• The hand is extended, with the palm aligned along the longitudinal axis of
the forearm.
• Measurement is taken from the styloid process at the base of the thumb
to the <p of the middle finger.

Limb Measurements: Arm Measurements

1. Upper Arm Length (Schultz 1929, primate standard):


• Measured from the acromion process (end of the shoulder blade) to the
radiale (proximal point on the lateral side of the head of the radius).
• The arm should be in the anatomical posi0on, with the shoulder aligned
close to the chest.
2. Forearm Length (Schultz 1929, primate standard):
• Measured from the radiale to the styloid process of the radius (most distal
point on the styloid process of the radius).
• This measurement captures the length of the radius bone.

5
TEST & MEASUREMENTS 1, SECTION 2

Hand Measurements

• Hand Measurement Notes:


• Digits are permanently semi-flexed at the first interphalangeal joint, which
makes it difficult to fully straighten them (Osman Hill 1933, for preserved or freshly dead
specimens).

• Measurement Aspects:
Hand Length: From the base of the hand to the 0p of the fingers.
Hand Breadth: Measured across the widest part of the hand.
Thumb Length: From the base of the thumb to its 0p.

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