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Class 10 SP Chapter 2 Polynomials

The document provides an overview of polynomials, defining them as expressions composed of constants, variables, and exponents, and categorizing them by degree. It explains key concepts such as the value of a polynomial, zeroes of a polynomial, and the graphical representation of linear and quadratic polynomials. Additionally, it introduces the Division Algorithm for polynomials, highlighting the relationship between zeroes and coefficients.

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0 views2 pages

Class 10 SP Chapter 2 Polynomials

The document provides an overview of polynomials, defining them as expressions composed of constants, variables, and exponents, and categorizing them by degree. It explains key concepts such as the value of a polynomial, zeroes of a polynomial, and the graphical representation of linear and quadratic polynomials. Additionally, it introduces the Division Algorithm for polynomials, highlighting the relationship between zeroes and coefficients.

Uploaded by

byzantiner4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class 10 Maths Revision Notes

Chapter 2 Polynomials

A polynomial is an expression consists of constants, variables and exponents. It’s mathematical form is-

a n x n + a n-1 x n-1 + a n-2 x n-2 + a 2 x 2 + a 1 x + a 0 = 0


where the (a i )’s are constant
Degree of Polynomials

Let P(y) is a polynomial in y, then the highest power of y in the P(y) will be the degree of polynomial P(y).
Types of Polynomial according to their Degrees
Type of polynomial Degree Form
Constant 0 P(x) = a
Linear 1 P(x) = ax + b
Quadratic 2 P(x) = ax 2 + bx + c
Cubic 3 P(x) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d
Bi-quadratic 4 P(x) = ax 4 + bx 3 + cx 2 + dx + e
Value of Polynomial

Let p(y) is a polynomial in y and α could be any real number, then the value calculated after putting the value
y = α in p(y) is the final value of p(y) at y = α. This shows that p(y) at y = α is represented by p (α).
Zero of a Polynomial

If the value of p(y) at y = k is 0, that is p (k) = 0 then y = k will be the zero of that polynomial p(y).
Geometrical meaning of the Zeroes of a Polynomial

Zeroes of the polynomials are the x coordinates of the point where the graph of that polynomial intersects the
x-axis.
Graph of a Linear Polynomial

Graph of a linear polynomial is a straight line which intersects the x-axis at one point only, so a linear
polynomial has 1 degree.
Graph of Quadratic Polynomial
Case 1: When the graph cuts the x-axis at the two points than these two points are the two zeroes of that
quadratic polynomial.
Case 2: When the graph cuts the x-axis at only one point then that particular point is the zero of that quadratic
polynomial and the equation is in the form of a perfect square

Case 3: When the graph does not intersect the x-axis at any point i.e. the graph is either completely above the
x-axis or below the x-axis then that quadratic polynomial has no zero as it is not intersecting the x-axis at any
point.

Hence the quadratic polynomial can have either two zeroes, one zero or no zero. Or you can say that it can
have maximum two zero only.
Relationship between Zeroes and Coefficients of a Polynomial

Division Algorithm for Polynomial

If p(x) and g(x) are any two polynomials with g(x) ≠ 0, then we can find polynomials q(x) and r(x) such that

P(x) = g(x) × q(x) + r(x),

where r(x) = 0 or degree of r(x) < degree of g(x).

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