Laying Out Maps
Laying Out Maps
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+P VJKU OQFWNG [QWཐNN NGCTP JQY VQ WUG VJG 3)+5 RTKPV NC[QWV VQ RTQFWEG SWCNKV[ OCRU YKVJ CNN VJG TGSWKUKVG OCR
EQORQPGPVU
0QY VJCV [QWཐXG IQV C OCR [QW PGGF VQ DG CDNG VQ RTKPV KV QT VQ GZRQTV KV VQ C FQEWOGPV 6JG TGCUQP KU C )+5 OCR
ិNG KU PQV CP KOCIG 4CVJGT KV UCXGU VJG UVCVG QH VJG )+5 RTQITCO YKVJ TGHGTGPEGU VQ CNN VJG NC[GTU VJGKT NCDGNUEQNQTU
GVE 5Q HQT UQOGQPG YJQ FQGUPཐV JCXG VJG FCVC QT VJG UCOG )+5 RTQITCO UWEJ CU 3)+5 VJG OCR ិNG YKNN DG WUGNGUU
.WEMKN[ 3)+5 ECP GZRQTV KVU OCR ិNG VQ C HQTOCV VJCV CP[QPGཐU EQORWVGT ECP TGCF CU YGNN CU RTKPVKPI QWV VJG OCR KH
[QW JCXG C RTKPVGT EQPPGEVGF $QVJ GZRQTVKPI CPF RTKPVKPI KU JCPFNGF XKC VJG 1SJOU -BZPVU
5IF HPBM GPS UIJT MFTTPO 6Q WUG VJG 3)+5 1SJOU -BZPVU VQ ETGCVG C DCUKE OCR YKVJ CNN VJG TGSWKTGF UGVVKPIU
3)+5 CNNQYU [QW VQ ETGCVG OWNVKRNG OCRU WUKPI VJG UCOG OCR ិNG (QT VJKU TGCUQP KV JCU C VQQN ECNNGF VJG -BZPVU
.BOBHFS
%NKEM QP VJG 1SPKFDU ፀ -BZPVU .BOBHFSࣦ OGPW GPVT[ VQ QRGP VJKU VQQN ;QWཐNN UGG C DNCPM -BZPVU NBOBHFS
FKCNQI CRRGCT
7PFGT /FX GSPN 5FNQMBUF UGNGEV &NQUZ MBZPVU CPF RTGUU VJG $SFBUFࣦ DWVVQP
)KXG VJG PGY NC[QWV VJG PCOG QH 5YGNNGPFCO CPF ENKEM 0,
;QW YKNN PQY UGG VJG 1SJOU -BZPVU YKPFQY
;QW EQWNF CNUQ ETGCVG VJKU PGY NC[QWV XKC VJG 1SPKFDU ፀ /FX 1SJOU -BZPVUࣦ OGPW
9JKEJGXGT TQWVG [QW VCMG VJG PGY RTKPV NC[QWV KU PQY CEEGUUKDNG HTQO VJG 1SPKFDU ፀ -BZPVUT ፀ OGPW CU KP VJG KOCIG
DGNQY
'PMMPX "MPOH #BTJD .BQ $PNQPTJUJPO
+P VJKU GZCORNG VJG EQORQUKVKQP YCU CNTGCF[ VJG YC[ YG YCPVGF KV 'PUWTG VJCV [QWTU KU CU YGNN
4KIJVENKEM QP VJG UJGGV KP VJG EGPVTCN RCTV QH VJG NC[QWV YKPFQY CPF EJQQUG 1BHF QSPQFSUJFTࣦ KP VJG EQPVGZV
OGPW
%JGEM VJCV VJG XCNWGU KP VJG *UFN 1SPQFSUJFT VCD CTG UGV VQ VJG HQNNQYKPI
ཙ 4J[F "
ཙ 0SJFOUBUJPO -BOETDBQF
0QY [QWཐXG IQV VJG RCIG NC[QWV VJG YC[ [QW YCPVGF KV DWV VJKU RCIG KU UVKNN DNCPM +V ENGCTN[ NCEMU C OCR .GVཐU
ិZ VJCV
#FF /CR
%NKEM QP VJG DWVVQP
9KVJ VJKU VQQN CEVKXCVGF [QW YKNN DG CDNG VQ RNCEG C OCR QP VJG RCIG
%NKEM CPF FTCI C DQZ QP VJG DNCPM RCIG
/PUF ;QWT OCR OC[ NQQM C NQV FKាGTGPV QH EQWTUG 6JKU FGRGPFU QP JQY [QWT QYP RTQLGEV KU UGV WR $WV PQV
VQ YQTT[ 6JGUG KPUVTWEVKQPU CTG IGPGTCN UQ VJG[ YKNN YQTM VJG UCOG TGICTFNGUU QH YJCV VJG OCR KVUGNH NQQMU
NKMG
$G UWTG VQ NGCXG OCTIKPU CNQPI VJG GFIGU CPF C URCEG CNQPI VJG VQR HQT VJG VKVNG
<QQO KP CPF QWV QP VJG RCIG DWV PQV VJG OCR D[ WUKPI VJGUG DWVVQPU
/QXG KVGO EQPVGPV
<QQO CPF RCP VJG OCR KP VJG OCKP 3)+5 YKPFQY ;QW ECP CNUQ RCP VJG OCR WUKPI VJG VQQN
6JG OCR XKGY WRFCVGU CU [QW \QQO KP QT \QQO QWV
+H HQT CP[ TGCUQP VJG OCR XKGY FQGU PQV TGHTGUJ EQTTGEVN[ [QW ECP HQTEG VJG OCR VQ TGHTGUJ D[ ENKEMKPI VJG
4GHTGUJ XKGY
DWVVQP
4GOGODGT VJCV VJG UK\G CPF RQUKVKQP [QWཐXG IKXGP VJG OCR FQGUPཐV PGGF VQ DG ិPCN ;QW ECP CNYC[U EQOG DCEM
CPF EJCPIG KV NCVGT KH [QWཐTG PQV UCVKUិGF (QT PQY [QW PGGF VQ GPUWTG VJCV [QWཐXG UCXGF [QWT YQTM QP VJKU OCR
$GECWUG C 1SJOU -BZPVU KP 3)+5 KU RCTV QH VJG OCKP OCR ិNG [QW OWUV UCXG [QWT RTQLGEV
)Q VQ VJG -BZPVU ፀ 4BWF 1SPKFDU 6JKU KU C EQPXGPKGPV UJQTVEWV VQ VJG QPG KP VJG OCKP FKCNQI
0QY [QWT OCR KU NQQMKPI IQQF QP VJG RCIG DWV [QWT TGCFGTUWUGTU CTG PQV DGKPI VQNF YJCVཐU IQKPI QP [GV 6JG[ PGGF
UQOG EQPVGZV YJKEJ KU YJCV [QWཐNN RTQXKFG HQT VJGO D[ CFFKPI OCR GNGOGPVU (KTUV NGV WU CFF C VKVNG
#FF .CDGN
%NKEM QP VJG DWVVQP
%NKEM QP VJG RCIG CDQXG VJG OCR CEEGRV VJG UWIIGUVGF XCNWGU KP VJG /FX *UFN 1SPQFSUJFT FKCNQI CPF C NCDGN
YKNN CRRGCT CV VJG VQR QH VJG OCR
4GUK\G KV CPF RNCEG KV KP VJG VQR EGPVGT QH VJG RCIG +V ECP DG TGUK\GF CPF OQXGF KP VJG UCOG YC[ VJCV [QW TGUK\GF
CPF OQXGF VJG OCR
#U [QW OQXG VJG VKVNG [QWཐNN PQVKEG VJCV IWKFGNKPGU CRRGCT VQ JGNR [QW RQUKVKQP VJG VKVNG KP VJG EGPVGT QH VJG RCIG
*QYGXGT VJGTG KU CNUQ C VQQN KP VJG #EVKQPU 6QQNDCT VQ JGNR RQUKVKQP VJG VKVNG TGNCVKXG VQ VJG OCR PQV VJG RCIG
0QY VJG NCDGN HTCOG KU EGPVGTGF QP VJG OCR DWV PQV VJG EQPVGPVU 6Q EGPVGT VJG EQPVGPVU QH VJG NCDGN
5GNGEV VJG NCDGN D[ ENKEMKPI QP KV
%NKEM QP VJG *UFN 1SPQFSUJFT VCD KP VJG UKFG RCPGN QH VJG NC[QWV YKPFQY
%JCPIG VJG VGZV QH VJG NCDGN VQ ན5YGNNGPFCOཔ
7UG VJKU KPVGTHCEG VQ UGV VJG HQPV CPF CNKIPOGPV QRVKQPU WPFGT VJG "QQFBSBODF UGEVKQP
%JQQUG C NCTIG DWV UGPUKDNG HQPV VJG GZCORNG YKNN WUG VJG FGHCWNV HQPV YKVJ C UK\G QH
5GV VJG )PSJ[POUBM "MJHONFOU VQ $FOUFS
;QW ECP CNUQ EJCPIG VJG HQPV EQNQT DWV KVཐU RTQDCDN[ DGUV VQ MGGR KV DNCEM CU RGT VJG FGHCWNV
6JG FGHCWNV UGVVKPI KU PQV VQ CFF C HTCOG VQ VJG VKVNGཐU VGZV DQZ *QYGXGT KH [QW YKUJ VQ CFF C HTCOG [QW
ECP FQ UQ
+P VJG *UFN 1SPQFSUJFT VCD UETQNN FQYP WPVKN [QW UGG VJG 'SBNF QRVKQP
%NKEM VJG 'SBNF EJGEMDQZ VQ GPCDNG VJG HTCOG ;QW ECP CNUQ EJCPIG VJG HTCOGཐU EQNQT CPF YKFVJ
+P VJKU GZCORNG YG YQPཐV GPCDNG VJG HTCOG UQ JGTG KU QWT RCIG UQ HCT
6Q OCMG UWTG VJCV [QW FQPཐV CEEKFGPVCNN[ OQXG VJGUG GNGOGPVU CTQWPF PQY VJCV [QWཐXG CNKIPGF VJGO [QW ECP
NQEM KVGOU KPVQ RNCEG
5GNGEV DQVJ VJG NCDGN CPF VJG OCR KVGOU