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Repulsion Motor

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Aditya Raj
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1 views

Repulsion Motor

special electrical machine quantum download

Uploaded by

Aditya Raj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Repulsion

Motor
Repulsion Motor & Its Construction
▪Repulsion Motor is a special kind of single phase AC motor which
works due to the repulsion of similar poles. The stator of this motor is
supplied with 1 phase AC supply and rotor circuit is shorted through
carbon brush.

▪The main components of repulsion motor are stator, rotor and


commutator brush assembly. The stator carries a single phase exciting
winding similar to the main winding of single phase induction motor.

▪The rotor has distributed DC winding connected to the commutator at


one end just like in DC motor. The carbon brushes are short circuited on
themselves.

▪In the above figure, the stator winding have single phase AC winding
which produces the working mmf in the air gap.

▪The brushes on rotor are shown to be shorted. As the rotor circuit is


shorted, the rotor receives power from stator by transformer action.
Working principle of Repulsion Motor:
▪The basic principle behind the working of repulsion motor is that “similar poles repel each other.” This
means two North poles will repel each other. Similarly, two South poles will repel each other.

▪ When the stator winding of repulsion motor is supplied with single phase AC, it produces a magnetic flux
along the direct axis as shown in figure above by arrow mark.

▪ This magnetic flux when link with the rotor winding, creates an emf. Due to this emf, a rotor current is
produced.

▪This rotor current in turn produces a magnetic flux which is directed along the brush axis due to
commutator assembly.

▪Due to the interaction of stator and rotor produced fluxes, an electromagnetic torque is produced. Let us
discuss this aspect in detail.
▪In the above figure, the angle α between the stator produced field
and brush axis is 90°. This means, the brush axis is in quadrature
with the direct.

▪Under this condition, there will not be any mutual induction


between the stator and rotor windings. Therefore, no emf and
hence no rotor current is produced. Thus no electromagnetic
torque is developed.

▪This means that motor will not run when α = 90°. As the stator
produced flux is unaffected by the zero rotor mmf, this condition
is similar to the open circuit transformer.

▪This is the reason, the brush position of α = 90° is called open-


circuit, no-load, high impedance or neutral position.

▪Let us now consider the case when α = 0° as shown in figure


below.
▪ In this condition, a maximum emf is induced across the
brushes. This is because, the rotor and stator magnetic flux
coincides and hence there is a perfect mutual
coupling between them.

▪ Since the electromagnetic torque T is given as

Te = k (Stator Field Strength) (Rotor Field Strength) Sinα

where is k is a constant.

▪ No electromagnetic torque is developed as α = 0°. Thus in


repulsion motor, no electromagnetic torque is developed when
the angle between the stator and rotor magnetic flux axis is
either 0 or 90°.

▪But actually the brush axis occupies a position somewhere in


between α = 0° and α = 90° as shown in figure below.
▪ If the stator produced flux is assumed to be directed from A to B, then rotor produced flux must also
have a component in a direction opposite to stator produced flux.
▪This is just because of Lenz’s Law. Therefore the rotor flux will be directed from C to D. Notice that it
cannot be directed from D to C otherwise it will have a flux component directed toward A to B which is
violation of Lenz’s Law.
▪ Since stator flux is toward A to B, South Pole (S1) is generated at A. Similarly South Pole (S2) is
generated on rotor at C. Since similar poles repel each other, S1 will repel S2. Due to this repulsion
between the like poles, motor will rotate in clockwise direction.
▪This is the reason; this motor is called Repulsion Motor. It is clear from the above figure and
discussion that, the direction of rotation of repulsion motor can be reversed by simply changing the
brush axis to the other side of filed winding (stator winding).
Torque Equation of Repulsion Motor:
▪ From the above discussion, it is quite clear that for production of
electromagnetic torque in repulsion motor, the brush position
must not be along the direct axis or quadrature axis.

▪In general, the brush occupies some intermediate position. But for
the sake of simplicity, we will assume brush axis vertical and will
shift stator field axis at some intermediate position as shown in
figure below. This has no effect on the operation and calculation
of motor but greatly reduces the calculation effort.

▪In the above figure, the field axis is making an angle of α with the
brush axis. If Is and Ns are the stator filed current and effective
number of stator turns then stator mmf IsNs is directed along its
axis as shown in above figure.

▪This stator field is now replaced by two fictitious stator coils F


and T such that stator mmf IsNs remain unchanged in magnitude
as well as direction.
The number of turns Nt of coil T can be found as below.
Mmf of coil 𝑇 = 𝐼𝑠𝑁𝑡
Component of stator mmf along the brush axis = IsNsCosα

𝐼𝑠𝑁𝑡 = 𝐼𝑠𝑁𝑠𝐶𝑜𝑠𝛼; 𝑵𝒕 = 𝑵𝒔𝑪𝒐𝒔𝜶


Similarly, the number of turns of coil F is given as 𝑵𝒇 = 𝑵𝒔𝑺𝒊𝒏𝜶
Since the magnetic axis of rotor winding and coil T coincides, all the flux produced by coil T will link with
the rotor winding. This means that the rotor mmf will be equal to the mmf of coil T as per lenz’s law.
Therefore,
Rotor mmf = mmf of coil T
= 𝐼𝑠𝑁𝑡
= 𝐼𝑠𝑁𝑠𝐶𝑜𝑠𝛼
Now, the electromagnetic torque

Te = k (Stator Field Strength) (Rotor Field Strength) Sinα

where is k is a constant.

= 𝑘 (𝐼𝑠𝑁𝑠)(𝐼𝑠𝑁𝑠𝐶𝑜𝑠𝛼)𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛼

= (𝑘/2)(𝐼𝑠𝑁𝑠)2(2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝛼𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛼)

= (𝑘/2)(𝐼𝑠𝑁𝑠)2𝑆𝑖𝑛2𝛼 … . [𝑆𝑖𝑛2𝛼 = 2𝐶𝑜𝑠𝛼𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛼]

Therefore, the torque in repulsion motor is given as

𝑻𝒆 = (𝒌/𝟐)(𝑰𝒔𝑵𝒔)𝟐𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐𝜶

From the torque equation of repulsion motor, it is clear that


maximum torque is achieved when stator and rotor magnetic
axis are displaced from each other by 45°.

The variation of current and torque with respect to different


positions of brush is shown below.
Advantages
The advantages are
•The high value of starting torque
•The speed is not limited
•By adjusting the value of ‘α’ we can adjust the torque, where we can increase the speed based on adjustment of
torque.
•By adjusting the position brushes, we can control the torque and speed easily.
Disadvantages
The disadvantages are
•Speed varies with variation in the load
•The power factor is less except for high speeds
•The cost is high
•High maintenance.
Applications
The applications are
•They are used where there is a need for starting torque with high-speed equipment’s
•Coil Winders: Where we can adjust speed flexibly and easily and direction can also be changed by
reversing the brush axis direction.
•Toys
•Lifts etc.

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