Scribd
Upload
2 views8 pages

MDF tp2

Uploaded by

erramihiba47
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views8 pages

MDF tp2

Uploaded by

erramihiba47
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Course: Fluid Mechanics Experiments

Report:
LABORATION 2: Flow and pressure
distribution around a symmetrical
aerofoil at different angles of attack
2024 / 2025

Realised by : Supervised by :
▪ ERRAMI Hiba Pr.Issa NDIAYE
▪ FATIMI Kaoutar
▪ ESSALHI Oussama
▪ NAJEM Adam
▪ SEIFEDDINE Ayman
Introduction:
The purpose of this experiment is to study the behavior of airflow around a
symmetrical aerofoil and to analyze how pressure distribution varies with
changes in the angle of attack. This experiment is conducted using a small-scale
wind tunnel (C15-10), allowing controlled airflow over an aerofoil model with
pressure tapings along the chord. The objective also includes investigating the
wake behind the aerofoil to understand flow behavior post-separation.

Objectives:
This experiment aims to:

• Measure and analyze the pressure distribution around a symmetrical


aerofoil at various angles of attack.
• Study the pressure distribution across the wake downstream of the
aerofoil
Equipment Used:
• C15-10 Wind Tunnel with Armfield IFD7 Interface

• Pressure wing (C15-21)

• PC with Armfield software

• C15-11 Inclined Manometer Bank or C15-12 Electronic Manometer


Bank

• Wake survey rake (if available): it was not available


Theoretical Background:
Velocity in the working section is calculated from

1. Fundamentals of Aerofoil Aerodynamics


An aerofoil (or airfoil) is a specially shaped structure designed to produce
lift when air flows around it. In this experiment, we use a symmetrical aerofoil,
meaning its upper and lower surfaces are mirror images. In ideal conditions
and at zero angle of attack, such an aerofoil experiences no lift because the
pressure distribution is symmetrical.

However, as the angle of attack (α) increases—defined as the angle between


the chord line of the aerofoil and the oncoming airflow—pressure differences
between the upper and lower surfaces begin to develop, creating lift.

2. Pressure Distribution
The pressure distribution around an aerofoil varies along its chord (from
leading edge to trailing edge) and is a key indicator of the aerodynamic forces
acting on the surface. The pressure at any point can be described using the
pressure coefficient (Cp):
Where:

• P is the local static pressure

• P∞ is the free-stream (ambient) pressure

• ρ is the air density

• V∞ is the free-stream velocity

• Positive pressure (Cp > 0) is typically observed near the leading edge
(stagnation point) and possibly near the trailing edge.

• Negative pressure (Cp < 0) is dominant on the upper surface at moderate


angles of attack, contributing to lift
Methodology:
The experimental investigation was conducted using the C15-10 Wind
Tunnel, a benchtop facility designed for aerodynamic studies with a
square, transparent working section. The tunnel features a variable-
speed fan (0-32 m/s operational range), a honeycomb flow straightener,
and a 9.4:1 contraction ratio to ensure uniform, laminar airflow in the
test section.

Procedures
The aerofoil was tested at angles from -20° to +20° while adjusting wind
speeds from 40% to 60% fan setting. Pressure measurements were taken
at each configuration using the electronic manometer, with wake
surveys conducted via pressure rake. Flow patterns were visualized using
thread tracers, and data was recorded through the IFD7 interface. The
tunnel was stabilized before each measurement, with ambient
conditions monitored throughout testing.

Results:

Angles 20 and –20 degrees :

Fan STATIC
speed(% ANGL PRESSU
) E RE 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

40 28 32 26.5 27 28 28 28.25 28.5 29


80 20 30.5 48.5 26.5 27 29 29.5 31 33 35

40 -20 28.25 32 30 30.25 31 30.5 30.5 30.5 31.25


80 29.5 44.5 44 44.5 44.25 45 44.9 44.95 44.95
Angle 15:

Ps 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
P/2 56 62 54 54 57 56 56 57 58
Angle –10 degrees:

1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
40% 58 56 56.5 58 58 59 60 61
60% 79 61 73 79 83 85 88 91
Angle 10 degrees:

1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
40% 59 64 63 65 64.5 64 66 65
60% 85 104 104.5 104.5 105 105 106 106
Angle of 5 and -5 degrees:

Vitesse ANGLE 0 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

40 31 33 29 30 31 31.25 31 31.25 31.5


80 5 41.75 54.5 33.5 39.25 42 43 43 43 42

40 30 33 39.75 37 33.75 33 31.75 31.75 33


80 -5 40 57 80 65.5 60 54.5 50.5 47 44

0 degree angle :

STATIC
ANGL PRESSUR
Vitesse E E 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

40 26.5 32 32 32.5 32 31.5 31 31 31.75


60 20 34 26 40.5 41 41 39 38 38 37.5

Interpration :

The aerofoil behaved differently depending on whether it was tilted


upwards (positive angles) or downwards (negative angles). When we
tested positive angles , we could see the air flowing faster over the top
surface, creating stronger suction. But as we increased the angle too
much°, the airflow suddenly separated, causing the wing to stall with a
noticeable loss of lift. For ±20°, high speeds (60-80%) produced more
uniform pressure distributions than 40%, indicating better airflow
attachment. Low angles of attack (±5° to ±15°) showed linear pressure
increase along the chord, improved at high speeds. The trend of the
symmetrical aerofoil can be seen from the comparison of +10°/-10° and
+20°/-20° data, though minor asymmetries may result from
experimental conditions. Notably, the 40% fan speed always recorded
lower pressures than the higher speeds, demonstrating velocity's
influence on surface pressure. These results validate basic aerodynamics
but demonstrate real variations of wind tunnel conditions, particularly in
stall behavior at severe angles.

Conclusion:
This experiment studied how angles and wind speeds affect
pressure on a symmetrical aerofoil. Positive angles created stronger
suction, while extreme angles caused airflow separation and stall. Higher
fan speeds (60-80%) produced more uniform pressure than lower speeds
(40%). The results confirmed basic aerodynamic principles, showing that
lift depends on angle and speed. Small differences in pressure at positive
and negative angles suggest minor experimental variations. These
findings help in designing efficient wings and turbines by optimizing
airflow and avoiding stall. Overall, the test demonstrated how pressure
changes with angle and speed, providing useful insights for real-world
applications.

You might also like