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The document discusses the classification of materials based on various properties such as appearance, solubility, hardness, density, electrical conductivity, and interaction with light. It provides examples and practical activities to illustrate these concepts, highlighting the importance of sorting materials for organization and understanding their uses. Key classifications include transparent, translucent, opaque, soluble, insoluble, conductors, and insulators.

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2 views4 pages

Document (140)

The document discusses the classification of materials based on various properties such as appearance, solubility, hardness, density, electrical conductivity, and interaction with light. It provides examples and practical activities to illustrate these concepts, highlighting the importance of sorting materials for organization and understanding their uses. Key classifications include transparent, translucent, opaque, soluble, insoluble, conductors, and insulators.

Uploaded by

sarveshthakur.9900
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Material Around Us

✅ Long Answer Questions with Answers

1. Why is it important to sort materials into groups? Explain with examples from daily life.
Answer:
Sorting materials helps us organize and understand their properties and uses. It allows easy
identification, comparison, and selection for specific tasks.
Example:

• Metals are grouped together because they are shiny and conduct electricity.
• Clothes are made from soft, flexible, and absorbent materials like cotton. Grouping
also helps in studying materials scientifically and makes storage and recycling
easier.

2. Classify materials on the basis of their appearance. How can luster and texture help in
this classification?
Answer:
Materials can be classified as lustrous (shiny) and non-lustrous (dull).

• Lustrous materials like gold, silver, and aluminum have a shiny surface and are
usually metals.
• Non-lustrous materials like wood and plastic appear dull and are mostly non-
metals.
Texture also helps: smooth surfaces like glass and metal differ from rough ones like
stone or sponge.

3. Define the terms transparent, translucent, and opaque. Give three examples of each and
describe their uses.
Answer:

• Transparent: Materials that allow light to pass through clearly.


Examples: Glass, clean water, air.
Uses: Windows, spectacles.
• Translucent: Materials that allow some light to pass but not clear images.
Examples: Frosted glass, butter paper, oiled paper.
Uses: Lamp shades, bathroom windows.
• Opaque: Materials that do not allow light to pass through.
Examples: Wood, metal, stone.
Uses: Doors, walls, utensils.

4. How can materials be classified based on their solubility in water? Give five examples
each of soluble and insoluble substances.
Answer:
Materials that dissolve in water are soluble, while those that don’t are insoluble.

• Soluble substances: Salt, sugar, lemon juice, vinegar, baking soda.


• Insoluble substances: Sand, chalk powder, oil, plastic pieces, sawdust.

This classification is useful in understanding mixtures and separating substances.

5. What is meant by hardness and softness of materials? How can you test and identify
whether a material is hard or soft?
Answer:

• Hard materials do not get scratched or compressed easily (e.g., iron, stone).
• Soft materials can be scratched or pressed easily (e.g., rubber, sponge).
To test, try pressing or scratching the material with a fingernail or another object. If it
scratches easily, it is soft; otherwise, it is hard.

6. Describe an activity to test the solubility of five substances in water. Record your
observations and conclusions.
Answer:
Activity:

• Take five test tubes with water.


• Add salt, sugar, sand, chalk powder, and oil separately.
• Stir each and observe.

Observations:

• Salt and sugar dissolve.


• Sand, chalk, and oil do not.
Conclusion:
Salt and sugar are soluble; the others are insoluble. This helps us group materials based on
solubility.

7. How does the floating or sinking of an object in water depend on its density? Explain
with examples.
Answer:
Objects float or sink based on their density compared to water.

• If an object is less dense than water, it floats (e.g., wood, plastic ball).
• If it is more dense, it sinks (e.g., stone, metal key).
This property helps us understand the behavior of objects in liquids.

8. Explain how to test whether a material is a conductor or insulator of electricity. Give five
examples of each.
Answer:
Activity:

• Use a simple circuit with a bulb, battery, and wires.


• Place the material between the wires.
• If the bulb glows, it’s a conductor; if not, it’s an insulator.

Conductors: Copper, aluminum, iron, steel, brass.


Insulators: Plastic, wood, rubber, glass, paper.

9. What are magnetic and non-magnetic materials? How can you identify them? Explain
with activities and examples.
Answer:
Magnetic materials are attracted by a magnet (e.g., iron, nickel, cobalt).
Non-magnetic materials are not (e.g., plastic, wood, aluminum).

Activity:

• Bring a magnet close to different objects.


• If the object is pulled, it is magnetic.
• This helps in separating magnetic materials from mixtures.
10. Write a detailed note on how we can classify materials based on their interaction with
light.
Answer:
Materials interact with light in three ways:

1. Transparent: Light passes completely (e.g., glass, clear plastic).


2. Translucent: Light passes partially (e.g., butter paper, frosted glass).
3. Opaque: No light passes (e.g., wood, metal).

These classifications help in selecting materials for specific uses like windows, curtains, or walls.

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