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The document outlines a lecture on amplifiers, detailing course grades and topics such as the introduction to amplifiers, frequency response, and various configurations including BJT and MOSFET amplifiers. It explains the characteristics, applications, and operational modes of amplifiers, highlighting the differences between common emitter, common base, and common collector configurations for BJTs, as well as common source, common gate, and common drain configurations for MOSFETs. The lecture emphasizes the importance of understanding these concepts for effective amplifier design and application.

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2 views40 pages

1

The document outlines a lecture on amplifiers, detailing course grades and topics such as the introduction to amplifiers, frequency response, and various configurations including BJT and MOSFET amplifiers. It explains the characteristics, applications, and operational modes of amplifiers, highlighting the differences between common emitter, common base, and common collector configurations for BJTs, as well as common source, common gate, and common drain configurations for MOSFETs. The lecture emphasizes the importance of understanding these concepts for effective amplifier design and application.

Uploaded by

eslam.me01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analog Electronics

Lecture 1
Amplifiers

Assoc. Prof. Roaa Mubarak


The Course Grades
➢The Total Course grades 150 Marks
• Midterm )‫ (أعمال السنة‬30 Marks.
• Laboratory )‫ (عملي‬20 Marks
• Final Exam (‫ )االمتحان النهائي‬100 Marks
The course includes:
1. Introduction to Amplifiers.
2. Frequency Response of Amplifiers.
3. Multistage Amplifiers.
4. Differential Amplifier.

Reference:
Microelectronics Circuits, Sedra/Smith- sixth edition
Electronics Devices, Floyd – Ninth Edition
Introduction to Amplifiers
Amplifiers
It is an Electronic Circuit that used to increase
Voltage , Current or Power of an input signal.
Introduction to Amplifiers
Applications of Amplifiers
Applications of Amplifiers
Applications of Amplifiers
Characteristics of Amplifiers
Characteristics of Amplifiers

•Linearity
•Gain
•Noise
•Bandwidth
Characteristics of Amplifiers
Characteristics of Amplifiers
BJT as an Amplifier
Structure of BJT
Modes of Operation in BJT
BJT Configurations

Common Common Common


Emitter Base Collector
BJT Small Signal models

Voltage Controlled Current Source “VCCS” Current Controlled Current Source “CCCS”

𝐼𝐶
𝑔𝑚 = 𝛃
𝑉𝑇
𝑉𝑇 𝑟𝛑 =
𝑟𝛑 = 𝑔𝑚
𝐼𝐵
BJT Small Signal models

𝐼𝐶
𝑔𝑚 =
𝑉𝑇
𝑉𝑇 𝛂
𝑟𝑒 = =
𝐼𝐸 𝑔𝑚

Voltage Controlled Current Source “VCCS” Current Controlled Current Source “CCCS”
Common Emitter Amplifier
• Coupling capacitors (or dc blocking Bypass capacitors are used to force
capacitors) are use to decouple ac and dc signal currents around elements by
signals so as not to disturb the quiescent providing a low impedance path at
point of the circuit when ac signals are
the frequency.
injected at the input.
Common Base Amplifier
Common Collector Amplifier
BJT Amplifiers summary

Common Common Common


Emitter Base Collector
• Voltage gain High and inverting High and noninverting Unity
• Input Impedance Low Low High
• Output Impedance High High Low
• Current gain High Unity High
• Uses Voltage amplifier (Re) Current buffer Voltage buffer
BJT Amplifiers Summary
• Common Emitter Configuration is best suited for realizing the bulk of the gain
required in an amplifier. Depending on the magnitude of the gain required,
either a single stage or a cascade of two or three stages can be used.

• Including a resistor in the emitter lead of the CE stage provides a number of


performance improvements at the expense of gain reduction.

• The low input resistance of the CB amplifier makes it useful only in specific
applications. It has a much better high-frequency response than the CE
amplifier. This superiority will make it useful as a high-frequency amplifier,
especially when combined with the CE circuit.
MOSFET as an Amplifier
MOSFET as an amplifier

Common gate amplifier Common drain amplifier Common source amplifier


MOSFET as an amplifier
The MOSFET can be use as an amplifier, when it is operated in
Saturation or Active mode. In this mode the drain current is constant
determined by VGS and is independent of VDS. That is, the MOSFET
operates as a constant-current source where the value of the current is
determine by VGS.

In saturation mode, the MOSFET works as voltage-controlled current


source: the Gate-to-source voltage VGS controls the drain current ID.
Although the control relationship is nonlinear, it will obtain almost
linear amplification.
1
𝑖𝐷 = 𝐾𝑛 𝑉𝐺𝑆 − 𝑉𝑡ℎ 2
2
MOSFET as an amplifier
• Saturation Region - When an induced channel is present (VGS-Vth> 0 ), and
the value of VDS is large enough to pinch-off this channel.
MOSFET as an amplifier
• Cutoff Region:
VGS < Vth
ID =0
• Ohmic Region
VGS >Vth
VDS < VGS - Vth
𝑉𝐷𝑆 2 △𝑉𝐷𝑆
𝐼𝐷 = 𝐾𝑛 𝑉𝐺𝑆 − 𝑉𝑡ℎ 𝑉𝐷𝑆 − , 𝑅𝐷𝑆 =
2 △𝐼𝐷
𝐾𝑛 : transconductance of MOSFET
• Saturation Region
VGS >Vth
VDS > VGS - Vth
1 2 1
𝐼𝐷 = 𝐾 𝑉𝐺𝑆 − 𝑉𝑡ℎ 𝐾= 𝐾
2 𝑛 2 𝑛
MOSFET as an amplifier
′ 𝑊
𝐾𝑛 = 𝐾𝑛
𝐿
𝐾𝑛 : Transconductance Parameter of MOSFET
𝐾𝑛 ′ = 𝜇𝑛 𝐶𝑜𝑥
𝜇𝑛 : Electron mobility
𝐶𝑜𝑥 : capacitance of gate per unit area.
W & L : the width and Length of channel

In PMOSFET we replace 𝐾𝑛 by 𝐾𝑝 and 𝑉𝐺𝑆 − 𝑉𝑡ℎ by |𝑉𝐺𝑆 − 𝑉𝑡ℎ |


MOSFET CS as an amplifier
MOSFET CS as an amplifier
MOSFET CS as an amplifier
𝛑 Model T- Model
MOSFET CS as an amplifier
• Small signal parameters:
Transconductance “ 𝑔𝑚 “
MOSFET works in saturation mode to act as an
amplifier:
𝜕𝑖𝐷
𝑔𝑚 = 𝑄 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝜕𝑣𝐺𝑆
1
𝑖𝐷 = 𝐾𝑛 𝑉𝐺𝑆 − 𝑉𝑡ℎ 2
2
2𝐼𝐷
𝑔𝑚 = 𝐾𝑛 𝑉𝐺𝑆 − 𝑉𝑡ℎ =
𝑉𝐺𝑆 −𝑉𝑡ℎ
𝑊
𝐾𝑛 = 𝜇𝑛 𝐶𝑜𝑥
𝐿
𝑉𝐴
𝑟𝑜 =
𝐼𝐷

(replacing 𝜇𝑛 by 𝜇𝑝 for PMOS)


MOSFET CS as an amplifier
MOSFET CG as an amplifier
MOSFET CD as an amplifier
MOSFET Amplifiers summary
MOSFET Amplifiers summary
• Common Source configuration is the best suited for realizing the bulk of the
gain required in an amplifier. Depending on the magnitude of the gain
required, either a single stage or a cascade of two or three stages can be used.

• The low input resistance of CG amplifier makes it useful only in specific


applications. It has much better high frequency response than the CS amplifier.
This makes it useful as a high-frequency amplifier, especially when combined
with CS circuit.

• The CD finds application as a voltage buffer for connecting a high resistance


source to a low-resistance load and as the output stage in multistage amplifier
where its purpose is to equip the amplifier with a low output resistance.

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