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ICT_Znotes_igcse (very helpful short notes)

IGCSE ICT ZNotes provide clear, concise revision material for the entire Information and Communication Technology syllabus. They cover key topics such as hardware, software, networks, data security, internet usage, system development, and practical skills like spreadsheets and databases. Designed for quick learning, the notes use bullet points, tables, and diagrams to simplify complex concepts. Ideal for last-minute revision or regular study.

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3 views55 pages

ICT_Znotes_igcse (very helpful short notes)

IGCSE ICT ZNotes provide clear, concise revision material for the entire Information and Communication Technology syllabus. They cover key topics such as hardware, software, networks, data security, internet usage, system development, and practical skills like spreadsheets and databases. Designed for quick learning, the notes use bullet points, tables, and diagrams to simplify complex concepts. Ideal for last-minute revision or regular study.

Uploaded by

Siyaaaa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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cas 1. Types and Components of Computer Systems 1.1. Hardware & Software Hardware + the electronic, physical components that make up a ‘ypical computer system, These may include Input and output devices as well ‘+ internal Hardware Devices: + Central processing unit, + Processor + Motherboard + Internal memory consisting of RAM & ROM ‘+ Graphics & Sound Cards + Internal Storage devices Ike Hard disk drives (HDD) land solid-state drives (SSD) + Network interface card (NIC) ‘+ External Hardware Devices: + Monitor Keyboard Mouse Printer External Storage Devices Software ‘+The techniques, methods, commands, and instructions: tellthe device what to do and how to do it. ‘+ They are the programs which control the computer system and process data ‘+ Relates to ideas & instructions for using physical objects ‘Two types of software: ‘+ Application software: ‘+ Provides services that allow the user to do specific tasks, + Itcan be general-purpose software or custom-made software. (Specialist software) + Eg, Spreadsheets, databases, and word processors + System Software: ‘+ The software is designed to provide a platform all ‘other applications to run on. For example: 1. Compilers: The software translates the High level language into Machine code (Language Processon) Linkers: A Software that creates the inks between Language processors into workable solutions (Data definition language). 3, Device drivers: A software that enables the device to work with another, externally connected device. 4. Uilties: A system software that provides the necessary fecities (Antivirus, Scan Disk, Disk Defragmentation, etc) 5. Operating systems: To enable computer systems to function and allow users to communicate with computer systems, special software, known as operating systems (05), have been developed, Analogue and Digital Data Computers can only understand data in the form of binary digits (0,1); this is commonly known as digital data. However, data in the real world is analogue, not limited to two specific values. cas : =, e V\ / z RS HEAT “+The figures show how data changes in analogue and digital forms; analogue data forms smooth curves, whereas digital data changes in discrete steps, + So, fora computer to process real-world data, it frst needs to convert the received data into digital form. This is done by hardware known as ADC (analogue to digital converter) and its outputs given back in analogue form Using DAC (digital to analogue converter). 1.2. The Main Components of Computer Systems Central Processing Unit (CPU) ‘+The component of the computer that understands and executes hardware and software operations. Nowadays, it's also known as a microprocessor. Iis a single Integrated circuit at the core of most PCs ands also present in many household gadgets and equipment Where some control or monitoring Is required, + Ie-consists ofa control unit (CU) that manages the Input and output devices, an arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) that performs computations and makes logical judgments, and tiny memory regions known as registers. + Itprocesses the input and produces the outcome of the [processing in the form of output. Internal Memory 1. Random access memory (RAM): temporary memory storage, lost after power is shut down, performs read and write functions, is used to store data that are currently in use, and can be increased in size to Improve operational speed, 2. Read-only memory (ROM): permanent memory storage, non-volatile, an only be read from, used to store computer's configuration data, such as BIOS. N.B: The BIOS (basic input/output system) stores the date, time and system configuration on a non-volatile chip

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