“Disaster Management”

Expect the Unexpected:

Prepare for Disasters!

Team Detail : Alok , Aman Ahmad , Alaukik Patel ,

Niteshwar , Amarjeet , Harsh Parihar
Overview of Presentation
Disaster management is no longer just the
concern of emergency responders and
government agencies; it's a critical aspect
that affects every one of us.
Understanding how to manage and mitigate
the risks associated with disasters is essential
for building resilient communities capable
of withstanding and recovering from
adverse events.
 What is Disaster Management?

• Disaster management refers to the

process of planning, coordinating, and
implementing measures to reduce the
impact of disasters, both natural and man-
made.
• It involves preparedness, response,
recovery, and mitigation efforts to protect
lives, property, and infrastructure.
• The goal is to minimize risks, ensure
timely rescue and relief operations, and
support long-term rebuilding efforts.
 Disaster management cycle

Mitigation: Minimizing potential

impact (e.g., building codes).

Preparedness: Disaster drills,

early warning systems.

Response: Immediate actions

post-disaster (search, rescue).

Recovery: Long-term rebuilding

and rehabilitation.
Natural Disaster
Management
Natural Disaster Management

• What is Natural Disaster?

A natural disaster is a catastrophic event caused by
natural processes of the Earth, such as earthquakes,
floods, hurricanes, or wildfires, leading to significant
damage and loss.
Ex -
 Manipur Landslide (2022)

• Landslide at Tupul railway construction site in June 2022

• 61 deaths and 18 were injured.
Steps Taken for Management of the Disaster:
1.Rescue Operations: National Disaster Response Force
(NDRF), and the Army to locate and rescue trapped
individuals.
2.Monitoring and Assessment: Railway authorities began
looking into monitoring mechanisms.
3.Collaboration for Monitoring: Engineering institutes to
develop monitoring mechanisms for critical slope locations.
4.Investment in Remedial Measures: There were discussions
about allocating a portion of project funds toward remedial
measures.
 Turkey-Syria Earthquake
Magnitude: 7.8 earthquake in Feb 2023. Affected Turkey & Syria.
Deaths: 50,000+
1. Emergency Response Activation: Deployment of rescue teams, including
military personnel and specialized search-and-rescue units, to locate and assist
trapped individual.
2.Infrastructure Assessment and Repair: Comprehensive evaluations of the
damage to transportation infrastructure, including bridges, and airports, to
facilitate rescue operations and delivery of aid.
3.Housing Reconstruction Initiative: President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
announced a plan to construct 650,000 new housing units within a year, in
response to the massive loss of homes.
4.Financial Planning and Support: The government initiated financial strategies
to address the estimated $150 billion reconstruction cost, encompassing both
public and private funding sources.
5.Health and Safety Measures: Medical aid and healthcare services were
mobilized to address injuries and health crises in the aftermath of the
earthquake.
Focus on Management and Challenges Faced

Natural disasters, such as earthquakes and landslides, present a range of challenges that
significantly impact affected communities. The following points summarize the general
challenges faced during and after such catastrophic events:
1. Widespread Destruction: Natural disasters can cause extensive damage to infrastructure,
including the collapse of buildings, bridges, and roads. This destruction complicates rescue
efforts and disrupts essential services, leaving communities in turmoil.
2. Casualties and Displacement: High casualty rates can overwhelm emergency services and
healthcare systems. Many survivors are often displaced, living in temporary
accommodations that may lack basic facilities and security, leading to long-term
humanitarian issues.
3. Slow Emergency Response: Delays in response and rescue operations can lead to
additional loss of life, especially for those trapped in debris. Criticism of government and
agency responses can create political pressure to expedite recovery efforts, highlighting
gaps in preparedness.
4.Environmental and Climate Factors & Reconstruction Needs: The need to rebuild
thousands of homes and infrastructure poses significant financial and logistical challenges.
5. Long-Term Economic Impact: The economic burden of recovery and rehabilitation can
have lasting negative effects, disrupting livelihoods and limiting future opportunities for
affected populations.
Man Made Disaster
Management
 Manmade Disasters Management

What is Man-Made Disaster ?

A catastrophic event caused by human actions, such as
industrial accidents, environmental pollution, or armed
conflicts, that results in significant harm to people,
property, and the environment.
Ex- Gas Leaks, Oil Spills, Terror Attacks, etc.
Types of Man-Made Disasters
 26/11 Terrorist Attack
One of India's most devastating terrorist attacks.

• Occurred on November 26, 2008, when a

group of 10 terrorists carried out
coordinated attacks across multiple
locations in Mumbai sites like the Taj
Mahal Palace Hotel, Oberoi Trident
Hotel, Leopold Café, and Chhatrapati
Shivaji Maharaj Terminus.

• Terrorists killed 166 people and injured

hundreds over a span of three days,
creating widespread chaos and terror
until Indian security forces neutralized
them.
 Operational Gaps
Here's a breakdown of the main challenges faced by the
government:
• Coordination between the Maharashtra state
government and the central government posed
significant challenges, resulting in delayed deployment
of specialized forces.
• There was the challenge of handling the deteriorating
relationship with Pakistan, as evidence soon pointed
to Pakistani-based terrorist group Lashkar-e-Taiba
being behind the attacks.
• The government faced immense domestic political
pressure, both from opposition parties and the general
public, who demanded immediate and effective action.
• Identifying terrorists was difficult as they blended with
civilians in casual clothing, delaying response and
increasing collateral risk in crowded areas.
 Vizag Gas Leak (LG Polymers)

• The Vizag Gas Leak at the LG Polymers plant in Visakhapatnam was

a major industrial accident in India.
• Styrene gas leaked, impacting nearby villages and resulting in 12
deaths and over 1,000 hospitalizations.
Emergency Response Challenges

• Local hospitals were overwhelmed by urgent

cases of toxic gas exposure, facing shortages of
supplies and trained personnel due to the
COVID-19 pandemic.

• The government struggled to control the toxic

fumes' spread due to a morning leak that
delayed response team mobilization.
Specialized equipment for containment and air
quality management was lacking, slowing
disaster control efforts.

• The leak raised concerns about the long-term

environmental impact, including soil and
water contamination that the government
needed to assess.
Comprehensive Government Authority
for Disaster Management: A National
and Global Perspective
Indian Government

1. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) 2005, under

the Disaster Management Act.
• Objective: To coordinate and monitor disaster management
efforts across India.
• Key Functions:
o Formulating policies, plans, and guidelines for disaster
management.
o Capacity building, including awareness programs.
o Ensuring coordination among central, state, and local
government agencies during disasters.
Indian Government
2. National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)

•Objective: Focuses on capacity building and

training in disaster management.
•Key Functions:
•Providing technical assistance to the central and
state governments.
•Conducting research and training programs
related to disaster management.
•Mission: To promote a culture of disaster
preparedness and create a well-informed society
capable of managing disasters and reducing
associated risks.
Indian Government
3. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
•Objective: Specialized force for quick and effective
response to disasters.
•Key Functions:
•Providing immediate relief and rescue operations.
•Conducting mock drills and awareness programs.
•It provides medical support, including first aid and
psychological counseling.
•Mission: To mitigate the impact of disasters by
responding quickly and efficiently to rescue and relief
operations while minimizing loss of life and property.
Indian Government

4. State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMA)

Each state has its own disaster management authority, aligned
with NDMA’s framework to address state-specific disasters.
•Policy Formulation and Planning
•Coordination of Disaster Management Efforts
•Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation
•Response and Relief Management
•Capacity Building and Training
•Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Mapping
•Integration of Technology
 Disaster Management Programs

National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP): Aims

to minimize vulnerability to cyclones and other hydro-
meteorological hazards.

Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project: Focuses

on environmental protection and disaster risk reduction
along India’s coastal areas.

India Disaster Resource Network (IDRN): A web-based

platform for resource inventory during disaster situations.
International
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR)
• Objective: Promotes disaster risk reduction strategies globally.
• Key Programs:
o Sendai Framework (2015-2030): Focuses on reducing disaster risks
and enhancing resilience.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) - USA

• Objective: U.S. agency responsible for coordinating response to disasters
within the country.
• Key Functions:
o Provides grants for disaster preparedness.
o Leads disaster recovery efforts after major events.
International

Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

• Objective: Managed by the World Bank, it provides funding and
technical assistance to help countries prepare for natural hazards.
Case Study: Manipur Earthquake of 1905

Overview: On April 28, 1905, a devastating earthquake

struck Manipur, measuring approximately 8.6 on the
Richter scale. This earthquake is one of the most powerful
recorded in the region and had significant consequences
for the local population and infrastructure.
Casualties: It caused an estimated 1,500 to 2,000 deaths,
with many more injured.

Immediate Response Search and Rescue Operations :

Local authorities and community members mobilized to
search for survivors and provide immediate assistance to
those trapped under debris. Efforts were hampered by the
lack of modern equipment and infrastructure.
Case Study: Manipur Earthquake of 1905

• Medical Assistance: Traditional healers and local practitioners

provided care where possible.
• Relief Camps : Temporary shelters for those who lost their homes.
• Government Actions Assessment and Recovery : The British
government initiated assessments of the damage to determine
needed resources.
• Financial Support : Relief funds were allocated to rebuild
infrastructure.
• Long-term Reconstruction : The reconstruction focused on
improving building structures more resilient to future earthquakes.
• Disaster Preparedness : Lessons learned led to increased awareness
of seismic risks in the region.
Case Study: Manipur Earthquake of 1905

Conclusion :
The 1905 earthquake in Manipur was a significant disaster
that highlighted the vulnerability of the region to seismic
activity. The response, although limited by the available
resources and infrastructure, paved the way for future
improvements in disaster management and building
practices. Understanding this historical event has
contributed to ongoing efforts to enhance preparedness
and resilience in the region.
Role & Future Scope of Technology in Disaster
Management

• Machine Learning for Disaster Prediction &

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
• Early Warning Systems

• Sensors and IoT Devices & Wave Sensing

and Cyclic Patterns
• Ocean Wave Sensors for Tsunami
Detection
• Climate Change and Cyclic Patterns

• Drones for Aerial Surveillance &

Reconstruction Using Advanced Materials
and 3D Printing
Classification Analysis

Prediction and
Pre-Disaster Awareness

Disaster
Tech in Disaster Resistance
Management Infrastructure

Mobilizing
People
Post-Disaster

Supplies
Machine Learning for Disaster Prediction
& Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
• Early Warning & Pattern Recognition: ML • Mapping & Monitoring : GIS analyzes spatial data to
algorithms analyze historical and real-time data to identify high-risk disaster areas (floods, landslides)
predict disasters like floods or earthquakes, based on factors like elevation and rainfall. It also
providing lead time for preparation. They also detect
cyclical patterns in events like tsunamis based on provides real-time monitoring and visualization,
tectonic or oceanic changes. helping with evacuation and resource planning.
• Climate Impact & Social Media Analysis: ML • Damage Assessment & Crisis Simulation: GIS tools
predicts long-term disaster trends by assessing assess post-disaster damage, aiding in resource
climate change effects, such as rising temperatures. allocation and recovery. It also supports crisis
NLP tools analyze social media data to track real- simulations, modeling hypothetical disasters to
time disaster impacts and community needs. improve preparedness and response strategies.
Drones for Aerial Surveillance & Reconstruction
Using Advanced Materials and 3D Printing

• Damage Assessment & Search and Rescue:

Drones equipped with cameras and sensors
assess disaster damage and locate survivors
in hard-to-reach areas using real-time
images and thermal data.
• Infrastructure Inspection: Drones inspect
critical infrastructure like bridges and roads
after disasters, ensuring safety before
starting rehabilitation efforts.

• 3D Printed Shelters: 3D printing enables

quick, cost-effective construction of
temporary shelters for displaced individuals
in disaster zones.
• Smart Infrastructure & Resilient Materials:
Post-disaster reconstruction incorporates
smart sensors and disaster-resistant
materials to monitor environmental changes
and withstand future events like earthquakes
and floods.
 Time
to
Wrap up…
Conclusion
• Recognizing that disasters can be classified as natural (e.g., floods, earthquakes) or man-
made (e.g., industrial accidents, terror attacks) is crucial, as the challenges faced and
management techniques required can differ significantly based on the disaster type.
• To achieve smart disaster management, we must:
1. Early Detection: Use ML, IoT sensors, and GIS to predict disasters, detect risks like
structural failures, and provide early alerts.
2. Efficient Response: Leverage tech like GIS, drones, and mobile platforms to optimize
resource allocation, rescue operations, and supply distribution.
3. Community & Recovery: Educate communities through apps, plan for resilient
infrastructure, and use AI to accelerate post-disaster recovery and restoration.
References :
1. https://www.livemint.com/news/earthquake-today-tremors-of-3-3-magnitude-hits-manipur-
11721362797182.html
2. https://x.com/IndiaHistorypic/status/1039793331415461889?prefetchTimestamp=1727494112936
3. https://ndma.gov.in/about-us/Logo-Policy
4. https://www.gfdrr.org/en
5. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chennai-oil-spill-as-it-happened/articleshow/56939334.cms