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MSC Mathematics 2024 Question Papers

The document is an examination paper for the Fourth Semester M.Sc. Degree in Mathematics, specifically for the course Advanced Functional Analysis and Optimization Techniques in Operations Research. It includes various sections with questions of different weightages, covering topics such as spectrum of operators, critical path method, and optimization techniques. The paper consists of descriptive questions, multiple choice questions, and instructions for candidates.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

28 views84 pages

MSC Mathematics 2024 Question Papers

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sajlanmmck

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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D 101266 (Pages : 3) Name.........................................

Reg. No.....................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
(CBCSS)

Mathematics

MTH4C15—ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

(2019 Admission onwards)

Time : Three Hours Maximum : 30 Weightage

Part A
Answer all questions.
Each question has weightage 1.

1. Define spectrum of a bounded operator.

2. Prove that for every compact operator T,0    T  .

3. If A and B are symmetric operators and AB = BA, then prove that AB is also symmetric.

4. If A is symmetric, then prove that A 2n  0.

5. Prove that the Gelfand transform has the following property :

 x
1  x2   x
ˆ1  M   xˆ 2  M  .

6. State Gelfand-Mazur theorem.

7. Define regular point of an element in an algebra.

8. Define Wiener algebra.

(8 × 1 = 8 weightage)
Part B
Answer six questions choosing two from each module.
Each question has weightage 2.
Module I

9. Prove that every complex number  with   A is a regular point of the operator A.

10. Let E1 be a closed subspace of E such that E  E1  E  X . Then prove that there exists y0  E

with y0  1 and such that the distance of y0 to E1 satisfies dist  y0 ,E1   1 / 2.

Turn over
2 D 101266

11. Find the spectrum of the operator D w in l2 which is defined by Dw x   w1 x1 , w2 x2 , . . . for

x   x1 , x2 , . . . .

Module II

12. If A  0 and A x, x  0 then prove that Ax = 0.

13. If P is an orthoprojection, then prove that Im P  ker P .

14. Let   t   K  a, b . Then prove that there exists a sequence of polynomials Pn  t     t  as n  

for all t   a, b.

Module III
15. Prove that every complete metric space M is a set of second category
16. If X* is a separable space, then prove that X is also separable.

17. Prove that for every proper ideal I  A there exists a maximal ideal M such that I  M .
(6 × 2 = 12 weightage)
Part C
Answer two questions.
Each question has weightage 5.
18. State and prove the first Hilbert-Schmidt theorem.

19. (a) Let A 0  A1  . . .  A n  . . .  A . Then prove that there exists a strong limit of  A n n .

(b) If P1P2 = P1, then prove that E1  E2 and P1  P2 . Also, prove that P1  P2 implies P1 P2 = P1

and E1  E2 .

20. If K is perfectly convex in a Bananch space X, then prove that :

o c c o
K  K  K   K .
 
3 D 101266


21. Let e  ek k  1 a complete linearly independent system in a Banach space X. Then, prove that e is

a basis of X if and only if the projections Un defined by :

 m  n
un   ak ek    ak ek
k1  k1
 

for all ak  F (if m < n the values ak for k > m are assumed to be zero) on the dense subset
M = span {e} are uniformly bounded.
(2 × 5 = 10 weightage)
D 101266-A (Pages : 4) Name.....................................

Reg. No..................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
(CBCSS)

Mathematics

MTH4C15—ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

(2019 Admission onwards)

(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)

Time : 15 Minutes Total No. of Questions : 20 Maximum : 20 Marks

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE

1. This Question Paper carries Multiple Choice Questions from 1 to 20.
2. The candidate should check that the question paper supplied to him/her contains
all the 20 questions in serial order.
3. Each question is provided with choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) having one correct
answer. Choose the correct answer and enter it in the main answer-book.
4. The MCQ question paper will be supplied after the completion of the descriptive

examination.
2 D 101266-A

MTH4C15—ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)
1. The set of all regular points is :

(A) A closed subset of C. (B) An open subset of C.

(A) There exists x ∈ X\{0} such that AX – λX.

(B) There exists x ∈ X\{0} such that (A – λΙ) X = 0.
(C) Ker (A – λΙ) ≠ {0} and (A – λΙ) is not one-one.
(D) All the above.

3. The continuous spectrum σ c (A) is :

(A) λ ∈ σ c (A) ⇔ λ ∈ σ(A)\σ p (A). (B) Img (A − λI) is dense in X.

(C) Both (A) and (B). (D) Either (A) or (B).

4. The right shift operator A : l2 → l2 defined by A ( ei ) = ei +1. Then A is :

(A) Continuous. (B) 0 ∈ σ(A).

(C) 0 ∉ σ(A). (D) None of these.

5. Which of the following is true ?

(A) σ c (A) = [0,1]. (B) σ c (A) = (0,1].

(C) σ c (A) = (0,1). (D) All of these.

6. Let T be a compact operator and λ ≠ 0. Then ∆ λ = ∆ λ . That is :

(A) ∆λ is a closed subspace. (B) ∆λ is a open subspace.

7. Let X be a Banach space, T a compact operator and λ ≠ 0. Then Ker T*λ ≠ {0} if and only if
:

(A) Ker Tλ = {0}. (B) Ker Tλ ≠ {0}.

8. Suppose X is a Banach space and T a compact operator on X, λ ≠ {0}. If ∆λ = X then :

(A) Ker Tλ = {0}. (B) ∆λ = {0}.

(A) AB is not symmetric. (B) AB is also symmetric.

Ax, x
(A) A = sup 2
for x ≠ 0. (B) A ≠ 0.
x

(C) A = 1. (D) None of these.

11. Ax, x ∈ R for every x ∈ H if and only if :

(A) A is skew symmetric. (B) A is conjugate.

(A) E1 ∩ E2 = {0}. (B) E1 + E2 = E.

(A) P > P. (B) P < P.

(A) Zero. (B) Not defined.

(A) A is a graph. (B) F(A) ⊆ X × Y is the graph of an operator.

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4 D 101266-A

16. C00 is a convex subset of :

(A) l1. (B) en.

(A) K is convex. (B) K is Hausdorff.

18. Let K(n) be the space of complex polynomials with X = ∑ nk =0 α k λ k , λ n+1 = 0, X = ∑ nk=0 α k .
Then K(n) is a :

(A) Reflexive set. (B) Banach Algebra.

19. If I is a proper ideal, then its closure I is :

(A) Equal to one. (B) Equal to zero.

(C) A proper ideal. (D) None of these.
20. The subset I of a Commutative Banach Algebra A, which is a subspace of A and for any
x ∈ I, y ∈ A, xy ∈ I is called :

(A) An Algebra. (B) Supremum.

Reg. No.....................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
(CBCSS)

Mathematics

MTH4C16—OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH.

(2019 Admission onwards)

Time : Three Hours Maximum : 30 Weightage

Part A
Answer all the questions.
Each question carries weightage 1.

1. What is meant by Crash cost schedule ?

2. What is meant by optimal scheduling by critical path method ?

3. Draw the graph of the direct cost relationship.

4. Distinguish between forward dynamic programming and backward dynamic programming.

5. Decide the definiteness of the function :

f ( X ) = −3 x12 + 2 x22 − 3 x32 − 10 x1 x2 + 4 x2 x3 + 6 x1 x3 .

6. Is the sum of two convex functions convex ? Justify your answer.

7. What are the limitations of Fibonacci search method ?

8. What is the general form of a constrained posynomial minimization problem ?

(8 × 1 = 8 weightage)
Part B
Answer any two questions from each module.
Each question carries weightage 2.
Module I
9. A statue is to be erected in a village square on a stone platform which is to be built on cement
concrete foundation. The statue is to be prepared at another place, moved and erected. The various
operations of the project are given here. Construct the network of the project. Write A, B, C, etc. on
the activities. A : Make statue, B : Shift statue, C : Erect statue, D : Lay foundation of the platform,
E : Construct platform.

Turn over
2 D101267

10. Describe the Stepping step method in project management.

11. Write the algorithm for the sequencing problem of 2 jobs on ordered m machines.
Module II

12. Using dynamic programming, find three nonnegative real numbers such that sum of squares of
these is minimum with the restriction their sum is not less than 45.

13. Define Lagrange function L ( X,λ ) . Write the necessary conditions for determining the stationary

points of L ( X,λ ) .

14. Find the minimum value of z = −2 x1 − x2 subject to x1 − x2 ≤ 0, x12 + x22 ≤ 4, x1 , x2 ≥ 0.

Module III
15. Describe the Dichotonomous search method.

16. Find the lower bound for f ( x ) = x −4 + 4 x3 + 4 x, x > 0.

17. Describe the Gravel box design.

(6 × 2 = 12 weightage)
Part C
Answer any two questions.
Each question carries weightage 5.

18. (a) Define the terms (a) critical path and (b) critical activity.

(b) Find the critical path by critical path method of the network where the activities satisfy the
requirements : (i) A and B are the first activities of the project to start simultaneously ;
(ii) A and B precede C ; (iii) B precedes D and E ; (iv) A and B precede F ; (v) F and D precede
G and H ; (vi) C and G precede I ; (vii) E, H and I are the terminal activities. The duration of
activities A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I are 2, 3, 5, 2, 7, 4, 6, 11 and 3 respectively.

19. (a) Define compression limit of an activity.

(b) Find the sequence that minimises the total elapsed time required to complete the following
task. The table gives the processing time in hours. Also calculate the idle time for both machines.

Job 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

M1 1 5 2 4 2 4 4

M2 4 4 2 2 4 3 5
3 D 101267

20. (a) What is capital budgeting problem ?

(b) Find the point on the line 2y1 + y2 = 6 nearest to the origin in the first quadrant.
21. (a) Write the Kuhn Tucker conditions in convex non linear programming problem.
(b) Use the Lagrange multiplier method to solve the non linear programming problem : optimise

f ( X ) = 2 x12 + x22 + x32 + 10 x1 + 8 x2 + 6 x3 − 100 subject to x1 + x2 + x3 = 20, x1 , x2 , x3 ≥ 0 . Does the

solution maximise or minimise the objective function ?

(2 × 5 = 10 weightage)
D 101267-A (Pages : 4) Name.....................................

Reg. No..................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
(CBCSS)
Mathematics
MTH 4C 16—OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(2019 Admission onwards)
[Improvement Candidates need not appear for MCQ Part]
(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)

Time : 20 Minutes Total No. of Questions : 20 Maximum : 5 Weightage

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE

MTH 4C 16—OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH

(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)
1. In a sequencing problem the order of completion of jobs is called :

(A) Completion sequence. (B) Job sequence.

(A) Node. (B) Network.

(A) Project Evaluation Review Techniques.

(B) Performance Evaluation Report Techniques.
(C) Personal Enquiry Retrieve Technique.
(D) Programme Evaluation Review Technique.
4. The slope of crashing an activity is given by :

C c + Cn Cc − Cn
(A) . (B) .
Tn + Tc Tn

Cc − Cn Cc
(C) . (D) .
Tn − Tc Tn − Tc

5. The Dynamic Programming was invented by ————.

(A) Euler. (B) Richard E. Bellman.

6. Fi ( xi ) = opt yi Fi−1 ( xi−1 ) + fi ( yi )  , i = 2, 3, …, N is called the ————.

(A) Backward recursion formula. (B) Forward recursion formula.

7. If f (X) = x12 + 2 x22 + 3 x32 then f is :

(A) Positive definite. (B) Negative definite.

8. If f (X) = x12 − 2 x22 then f is :

(A) Positive definite. (B) Negative definite.

9. If f ( x) = −3 x2 + 2 x22 − 3 x32 − 10 x1 x2 + 4 x2 x3 + 6 x1 x3 then the Matrix A can be written as :

 3 −5 −3   −3 −5 −3 
 −5 2 −2  .  −5 −2 −2  .
(A)   (B)  
 3 −2 3   3 −2 −3 

 3 5 −3   −3 −5 3 
 5 −2 −2  .  −5 2 2  .
(C)   (D)  
 −3 −2 3   3 2 −3 

10. Identify the stationary points f (X) = 2 + 2 x1 + 3 x2 − x12 − x22 :

(A) (1, 1). (B) (1, 2).

(A) Node. (B) Negative definite.

12. The function L ≡ L(X,λ) = f (X) + ∑ im=1 λ i gi (X) is called :

(A) Lagrange function. (B) Optimal function.

(A) Convex. (B) Concave.

(C) Positive semi definite. (D) Negative semidefinite.
14. A feasible solution of convex nonlinear programming problem is a ————.

(A) Open set. (B) Convex set.

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4 D 101267-A

15. The dual of LPP is a function of ————.

(A) Dual variable. (B) Primal variable.

(C) Both dual and primal variable. (D) None of these.
16. A function which has only one peak in a given interval is called :

(A) Unimodal function. (B) Maxima of a function.

(A) Newton-Raphson method. (B) Steepest decent method.

(C) Golden section method. (D) Dichotomous search method.
18. Every finite set s1, s2, …, sn of conjugate vectors with respect to a symmetric and positive
definite matrix is :

(A) Zero. (B) Linearly dependent.

(C) Linearly independent. (D) Neither linearly independent nor dependent.
19. In the Bolzano search technique, the nth iterations of the interval of uncertainty is reduced
to :

n2
2 2
(A) Ln =   L0 . (B) L n =   L0 .
3 3

n2 n
2 2
(C) Ln =   L1 . (D) L n =   L0 .
3 3

20. One of the techniques developed for solution of nonlinear programming :

(A) Single programming. (B) Multilinear programming.

Reg. No.....................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
(CBCSS)

Mathematics

MTH4E05—ADVANCED COMPLEX ANALYSIS

(2019 Admission onwards)

Time : Three Hours Maximum : 30 Weightage

Part A
Answer all questions.
Each question has weightage 1.

(1) If G is open in  , then prove that there is a sequence {K n} of compact subsets of G with

G  n  1 K n .

(2) If {fn} is a sequence in H(G) and f belongs to C  G,  such that fn  f , then show that f is

analytic.


(3) Suppose Re. zn  0 for all n  1 . If the series  n  1 log zn converges, then prove that  n  1 zn
converges to a non-zero number.

(4) For z  0,  1, . . . , prove that :

n! nz
  z   lim .
n   z  z  1 . . .  z  n 

(5) For Re.z  1, , prove that :


  nt z1
e t dt.
  z   z   0
n1

Turn over
2 D 101268

(6) Let G be an open connected subset of  . If n   ; a   0 for every closed rectifiable curve  in G

and every point a in   G , then prove that    G is connected.

(7) What is meant by a function element ? For a function element (f, G) and for a  G , define the
germ of f at .

(8) Find the order of the entire function f  z    1  an z  ,0  a  1.
n1

(8 × 1 = 8 weightage)
Part B
Answer any six questions, by choosing two questions from each unit.
Each question has weightage 2.

UNIT I

(9) Prove that a set F  C  G,   is normal if and only if for every compact set K  G and a   0
there are functions f1 , f2 , . . . , f n in F such that for f in F there is atleast one k, 1  k  n, with :

 
sup d  f  z  , fk  z   : z  K  .

(10) Prove that a family F in H (G) is normal if and only if F is locally bounded.

p 1
(11) If z  1 and p  0, then prove that 1  E p  z   z .

UNIT II
(12) Prove that :
 
z2 
sin z  z   1  2  .
 n 
n  1

(13) Let f be a function defined on  0,  such that f (x) > 0 for all x > 0. Suppose that f has the
following properties :

(a) log f  x  is a convex function ;

(b) f  x  1  x f  x  for all x ;

Prove that f  x     x  for all x.

3 D 101268

(14) Let K be a compact subset of the region G. Prove that there are straight line segments
1 , . . . ,  n in G — K such that for every function f in H(G),

n f  w
1
f  z   2i  w  z dw for all z in K.
k 1 k

UNIT III

(15) Let  :  0,1   be a path and let  f t ,D t  : 0  t  1 be an analytic continuation along  .

For 0  t  1 let R (t) be the radius of convergence of the power series expansion of ft about   t  .

Prove that either R  t    or R : 0,1   0,   is continuous.

(16) Let f be an analytic function on a region containing B  0 ; r  and suppose that a1, a2, . . . an are the

zeros of f in B  0 ; r  repeated according to multiplicity. If f  0   0, then prove that :

 r  1 2
n
log f  0     log 
k1
  
 ak  2 0
 
log f rei d.

(17) Prove that if f is an entire function of order  , then f ' also has order  .

(6 × 2 = 12 weightage)
Part C
Answer any two questions.
Each question has weightage 5.
(18) Let G be a region which is not the whole plane and such that every non-vanishing analytic function
on G has an analytic square root. If a  G , then prove that there is an analytic function f on G
such that :

(a) f  a  0 and f '  a   0 ;

(b) f is one-one ;

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4 D 101268

(19) (a) If Re. z > 0, then prove that :


  z    e t t z1 dt.
0

(b) State and prove Runge’s theorem.

(20) Let G be a region such that G = G*. If f : G G0  is a continuous function which is analytic on

G+ and if f (x) is real for x in G0, then prove that there is an analytic function g : G   such that

g (z) = f (z) for z in G   G0 .

(21) Let f be an entire function of genus  . For each positive integer , prove that there is a number r0
such that :


f  z   exp  z
1
 for z  r0 .

(2 × 5 = 10 weightage)
D 101268-A (Pages : 4) Name.....................................

Reg. No..................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024

(CBCSS)

Mathematics

MTH4E05—ADVANCED COMPLEX ANALYSIS

(2019 Admission onwards)

(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)

Time : 15 Minutes Total No. of Questions : 20 Maximum : 20 Marks

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE

MTH 4E 05—ADVANCED COMPLEX ANALYSIS

(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)

1. If G is connected, Ω = ℕ = {1, 2, …} and f ∈ C(G, Ω), then ————.

(A) f = 0. (B) f is constant map.

(C) f is a non-constant map. (D) None of the above.
2. If G is connected and Ω = N = {1, 2, …} then C(G, Ω) contains ————.

(A) Only one element. (B) Only constant functions.

(A) Each element in C (G, C) is an analytic function.

(B) Each analytic function on G is a constant.
(C) Each analytic function on G is in C(G, C).
(D) None of the above.
4. If A and B are two subsets of a topological space (X, T), then ————.

(A) Int (A) ∪ int (B) ⊇ int (A ∪ B). (B) Int (A) ∪ int (B) = int (A ∪ B).

5. If {A n } is a (finite or countable) collection of subsets of the topological space, then ————.

(A) ∪ int A n ⊆ int ∪ A n . (B) ∪ int A n = int ∪ A n .

n n n n

(C) ∪ int A n ⊇ int ∪ A n . (D) None of the above.

n n

6. A set O ⊂ ( C(G,Ω), ρ ) is open if and only if ————.

(A) There is an f ∈O and a compact set K and a δ > 0 such that

O ⊃ { g : d ( f ( z), g( z) ) < δ, z ∈ K} .

(B) For each f ∈O there is a compact set K and a δ > 0 such that

O ⊂ { g : d ( f ( z), g( z) ) < δ, z ∈ K} .
3 D 101268-A

O = { g : d ( f ( z), g( z) ) < δ, z ∈ K}.

(D) None of the above.

7. A sequence { fn } in ( C(G, Ω), ρ ) converges to f if and only if ————.

(A) {fn } converges to f uniformly on all compact subsets of G.

(B) {fn } converges to f uniformly for some compact subsets of G.
(C) {fn } converges to f on some compact subsets of G.
(D) None of the above.
8. The collection of open sets on C(G, Ω) is ————,

(A) Independent of the choice of the set {K n }.

(B) Dependent of the choice of the set {K n }.

(C) Union of some members of {K n }.

(D) None of the above.

∞
9. Let ( X n , dn ) be a metric space for each n ≥ 1 and let X = ∏ X n be their Cartesian product.
n =1

For ξ = {xn } and η = { yn } in X, define

∞ 1
n
dn ( xn , yn )
d(ξ, η) = ∑   .
n=1  2  1 + dn ( xn , yn )

Then :
(A) d is a metric on X.
(B) d is not a metric on X.
(C) d does not satisfy triangle inequality.
(D) None of the above.

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4 D 101268-A

∞
10. Let ( X n , dn ) be a metric space for each n ≥ 1 and let X = ∏ X n be their Cartesian product.
n =1

For ξ = {xn } and η = { yn } in X, define

∞  1 n d ( x , y )
n n n
d(ξ, η) = ∑   .
n=1  
2 1 + dn ( xn , yn )

If each ( X n , dn ) is compact then ————.

(A) X is compact. (B) X need not be compact.

11. A set F ⊂ C(G, Ω) is normal if and only if ————.

(A) (i) for each z ∈ G, { f ( z) : f ∈ F } has compact closure in Ω; and

(ii) F is equicontinuous at each point of G.

(B) For each z ∈ G, { f ( z) : f ∈ F } has compact closure in Ω.

(C) F is equicontinuous at each point of G.

(D) None of the above.
12. H(G) is ————,

(A) A finite susbet of C (G, C). (B) An open subset of C (G, C).

(C) A closed susbet of C (G, C). (D) None of the above.

13. ϕ : H(G) → H(G) defined by ϕ( f ) = f ′ is ————.

(A) A continuous function. (B) Not a continuous function.

(A) Is a set of constant functions. (B) A finite set.

15. Let G be an open subset of the plane and f : G → C an analytic function if γ is a closed
rectifiable curve in G such that n( γ : w) = 0 for all w ∈ C~G, then for a ∈ G ∼ (γ) ————.

1 f ( z) 1 f ( z)
(A) n(γ; a) f (a) = ∫ dz. (B) n(γ; a) f (a) = ∫ dz.
2πi γ z − a πi γ z − a

1 f ( z)
(C) n(γ; a) f (a) = ∫ dz. (D) None of the above.
2π γ z − a

16. A set F ⊂ H(G) is compact if and only if ————.

(A) It is locally bounded. (B) It is closed.

17. A family F ⊂ M(G) is normal in C ( G,C∞ ) if and only if ————.

(A) µ (F ) = {µ( f ) : f ∈ F } is locally bounded.

(B) µ (F ) = {µ( f ) : f ∈ F } is bounded.

(C) µ (F ) = {µ( f ) : f ∈ F } is closed.

(D) None of the above.

18. A region G1 is conformally equivalent to G2 if ————.

(A) There is an analytic function f : G1 → C such that f is one-one and f ( G1 ) = G 2 .

(B) There is an analytic function f : G1 → C such that f is one-one.

(C) There is an analytic function f : G1 → C such that f is f ( G1 ) = G 2 .

(D) None of the above.

19. On the collection R of all regions in C the relation ~ defined by G1 ~ G2 if G1 is conformally
equivalent to G2 is ————.

(A) Not a symmetric relation. (B) Not a reflexive relation.

 z  
n
20.  •1 +   converges to ———— in H (C).
 n  

(A) e–z. (B) ez.

Reg. No.................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
(CBCSS)
Mathematics

MTH4E06—ALGEBRAIC NUMBER THEORY

(2019 Admission onwards)

Time : Three Hours Maximum : 30 Weightage

Part A
Answer all questions.
Each question has weightage 1.
1. Define a free abelian group.

2. Exprees ℚ ( )
3, 3 5 in the form ℚ ( θ ) , where θ is some algebraic number.

3. Find the degree of ℚ ( ζ ) over ℚ , where ζ = e2 πi p , p an odd prime.

4. Find the set of units of the ring of Gaussian integers ℤ [i].

5. Let D be a domain and let x be a non-zero element of D. If x is irreducible, then prove that x is
maximal among all proper principal ideals of D.

6. Prove that the quotient group ℝ ℤ is isomorphic to the circle group.

7. Factorize the principal ideal 5 in the ring of integers of ℚ ( 3 ).

8. Let K = ℚ ( ζ ) , where ζ = e2 πi p , p an odd prime. Let be the ideal generated by λ = 1 – ζ

in the ring of integers ℤ ( ζ ) of K. Prove that

(8 × 1 = 8 weightage)

Turn over
2 D 101269

Part B

Answer any six questions, by choosing two questions from each unit.
Each question carries weightage 2.

UNIT I

9. Let R be a ring. Prove that every symmetric polynomial in R [t1,...,tn] is expressible as a polynomial
with coefficients in R in the elementary symmetric polynomials s1, s2, ... sn.

10. Prove that the algebraic integers form a subring of the field of algebraic numbers.

11. Find the integral basis and discriminant of ℚ ( )

11 .

UNIT II

12. For squarefree d < – 11, prove that the ring of integers ℚ ( d ) is not Euclidean.
13. Let D be the ring of integers in a number field K and let x ∈ D . Prove that x is a unit if and
only if N (x) = ±1. If N (x) is a rational prime, then prove that x is irreducible in D.

14. Let R be a ring and a an ideal of ℝ . Prove that a is a prime ideal if and only if R/a is a domain.

UNIT III

15. State and prove Minkowski’s Theorem.

16. Prove that the equation x 4 + y4 = z 4 has no integer solutions with x, y, z ≠ 0.

17. Briefly describe the space Lst .

(6 × 2 = 12 weightage)
3 D 101269

Part C

Answer any two questions.

Each question carries weightage 5.

18. Prove that the ring of integers of ℚ ( ζ ) is ℤ ( ζ ) , where ζ = e2 πi p , p be an odd prime.

19. (a) Prove that a complex number θ is an algebraic integer if and only if the additive group

generated by all powers 1, θ , θ2 , ... is finitely generated.

(b) Find the ring of integers of ℚ ( )

2, i .

20. Let D be the ring of integers in a number field K. Prove that every non-zero ideal of D can be
written as a product of prime ideals, uniquely upto the order of the factors.

21 Prove that every unit of ℤ [ ζ ] is of the form rζ g where r is real and g is an integer.

(2 × 5 = 10 weightage)
101269-A (Pages : 4) Name.....................................

Reg. No..................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
(CBCSS)
Mathematics

MTH4E06—ALGEBRAIC NUMBER THEORY

(2019 Admission onwards)

[Improvement Candidates need not appear for MCQ Part]
(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)

Time : 20 Minutes Total No. of Questions : 20 Maximum : 5 Weightage

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE

1. This Question Paper carries Multiple Choice Questions from 1 to 20.

2. The candidate should check that the question paper supplied to him/her contains
all the 20 questions in serial order.
3. Each question is provided with choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) having one correct
answer. Choose the correct answer and enter it in the main answer-book.
4. The MCQ question paper will be supplied after the completion of the descriptive
examination.
2 D101269-A

MTH4E06—ALGEBRAIC NUMBER THEORY

(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)

1. Let f ∈ R[ x, y, z] and π = (1, 2) is a permutation in S 3 . If f ( x, y, z) = x − y + z then find

π
f ( x, y, z) :

(A) x + y + z. (B) x + y – z.
(C) x – y + z. (D) – x + y + z.
2. A polynomial f is said to be symmetric ———— (where π is a permutation in Sn) :

(A) f π ( t1 , t2 , … , tn ) = f ( t1 , t2 , … , t n ) . (B) f π ( t1 , t2 , … , t n ) = f ( tn , t n −1 , … , t1 ) .

(C) f π ( t1 , t2 , … , t n ) = − f ( t1 , t2 , … , tn ) . (D) f π ( t1 , t2 , … , t n ) = − f ( t n , tn − 1 , … , t1 ) .

3. Which of the following is an example of symmetric polynomial ?

(A) f ( x, y, z) = x − y + z. (B) f ( x, y, z) = xy + z.

(C) f ( x, y, z) = xy + zy + xz. (D) f ( x, y, z) = x − y − z.

4. If Sr ( t1 , t2 ,…, tn ) is the elementary symmetric polynomial. Which of the following is an

example of elementary symmetric polynomial ?

2
(A) Sn ( t1 , t2 ,…, tn ) = t1 t2 … tn . (B) Sn ( t1 , t2 , … , tn ) = ( t1 t2 … tn ) .

(C) Sn ( t1 , t2 , …, tn ) = t1 + t2 … + tn . (D) Sn ( t1 , t2 ,…, tn ) = t1 − t2 − … − tn .

5. Let r, s ∈ R and m, n ∈ M. Then which of the following conditions satisfied by a R-module :

(A) (r + s)m = rm + sm. (B) r(m + n) = rm + rn.

(C) r( sm) = (rs)m. (D) All of the above.

6. P : <x> R be the submodule of M generated by X then it’s the largest submodule

containing X :

Q : R-submodule of M to be a subgroup N of M (under addition) such that if n ∈ N, r ∈ R,

then rn ∈ N.

(A) P is true and Q is false. (B) P is false and Q is true.

7. Which of the following is an example of monic polynomial ?

(A) 2 x2 + 3 x + 1. (B) x2 + 2 x − 3.

(C) 4 x2 − 3 x − 1. (D) None of the above.

8. Let θ ∈ C is a algebraic number then :

P : There exist a polynomial with real co-efficients whose root is θ.

Q : There exist a monic polynomial with integer co-efficients whose root is θ.
(A) P is true and Q is false. (B) P is false and Q is true.
(C) P and Q are false. (D) P and Q are true.
9. Which of the following is an example algebraic integer ———— ?

(A) 1.5. (B) 1.

(A) 2. (B) −2.

1+ 5
(C) . (D) All of the above.
2

11. If p is a prime, then number of positive divisors of P ?

(A) 1. (B) 2.
(C) p – 1. (D) p.
12. How many integer solution exists for the equation y2 + 2 = x3 ?

(A) 1. (B) 2.
(C) 3. (D) 4.
13. Let Z be ring. Then U(Z) ?
(Where U(R) denote the set of units in a ring R)

(A) {Z}. (B) {0}.

Turn over
4 D101269-A

14. Let X ⊆ Rn is convex and λx + (1 − λ) y ∈ X for all x, y ∈ X. Then which of the following
statements is true ?

(A) λ ∈ R. (B) λ ≥ 0.
(C) 0 ≤ λ ≤ 1. (D) −1 ≤ λ ≤ 1.
15. P : x-axis convex in R2.
Q : B1[(0, 0)] convex in R2.
(A) P is true and Q is false. (B) P is false and Q is true.
(C) P and Q are false. (D) P and Q are true.
16. Let p be a prime of the form 4k + 1. Which of the following statements is false ?

(A) p = a + b for some a, b ∈ Z. (B) p = a2 + b2 for some a, b ∈ Z.

(C) p = a3 + b3 for some a, b ∈ Z. (D) None of the above.

17. Let x be a positive integer. Which of the following statement is true ?

(A) x is a sum of four integers. (B) x is a sum of four integer squares.

(A) Finite integral domain. (B) Integral domain.

(C) Zero ring. (D) None of these.
19. If R is a commutative ring with unit element, M is maximum ideal of R if and only if
————.

R R
(A) is field. (B) is ring.
M M

R M
(C) is integral domain. (D) is field.
M R
20. If U is an ideal of R and 1 ∈ U, then ————.

(A) U is a proper subset of R. (B) U is equal R.

Reg. No.................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
(CBCSS)
Mathematics

MTH4E07—ALGEBRAIC TOPOLOGY

(2019 Admission onwards)

Time : Three Hours Maximum : 30 Weightage

Part A
Answer all questions.
Each question carries weightage 1.

1. Give a geometrically independent set of three points in ℝ 2 .

2. Let σ = a0 , a1 be a 1-simplex. Describe the closure cl ( σ ).

3. Let σ = + a0 , a1 , a2 and be oriented simplexes. Find the incidence number

4. Let L be a 2-pseudo manifold such that H2(L) = (0). Verify whether L is orientable.

5. Let K be the closure of a 3-simplex σ = a0 , a1 , a2 , a3 and φ : K → K be a simplicial map such

 a1 + a2 + a3 
that φ ( a0 ) = φ ( a1 ) = φ ( a2 ) = a0 and φ ( a3 ) = a3 . Find φ  .
 3 

6. Verify whether the unit circle S1 = {(x, y) : x2 + y2 = 1} is a contractible space.

7. Let α be path in a topological space X with initial point x0 and c be the constant path at x0.
Describe the product path c ∗ α.

8. Find the fundamental group π1 ( X ) where X = [0,1].

(8 × 1 = 8 weightage)

Turn over
D 101270

Part B

Answer any two questions from each unit.

Each question has weightage 2.

UNIT I

1 1  1 1 
9. Verify which of the points  , , 0  ,  , , 0  , belong to the interior of the 2-simplex with vertices
2 2  3 3 
(0, 0, 0), (1, 0, 0) and (0, 1, 0).

10. Describe a triangulation of the unit disk D = {(x, y) : x2 + y2 ≤ 1} in ℝ 2.

11. Let K be an oriented complex and for some p let the number of p-simplexes in K be n. Show that
the chain group Cp(K) is isomorphic to the direct sum of n copies of ℤ.

UNIT II

12. Let K = cl (a0, a1, a2) be the closure of a 2-simplex oriented by a0 ≤ a1 ≤ a2 . Find the Betti number
Rp(K) for p = 2.

13. Let K be a simplicial complex of diamension r. With usual notations prove that

 r 
mesh K ( ) ≤ 
1
 mesh K.
 r + 1

14. Show that the circle S1 = {(x, y) : x2 + y2 = 1} and the disk D = {(x, y) : x2 + y2 ≤ 1} are not
homeomorphic.

UNIT III

15. Let α be a loop based at x0 in a space X. Show that α ∗ α – 1 is homotopic to the constant loop
at x0.

16. Let σ : I → S1 be a path in S1 defined by σ ( t ) = exp (πit). Give one covering path with initial point
0 and another with initial point 1 of σ in ℝ.

17. Let C be the cylinder S1 × I. Find the fundamental group π1 ( C) .

(6 × 2 = 12 weightage)
D 101270

Part C

Answer any two questions.

Each question carries weightage 5.

18. (a) Define geometric complex and oriented complex.

(b) Let K be an oriented complex. Let σ p be an oriented p-simplex and σ p – 2 be a face of σ p.

Show that

where the sum is taken over all (p – 1)-faces σ p – 1 of σ p .

19. (a) Define the p-dimensional homology group Hp(K) of an oriented complex K.

(b) Let K be the closure of the 2-simplex a0 , a1 , a2 oriented by a0 < a1 < a2 . Find the homology
groups H0(K) and H1(K).

20. (a) Define barycentric sub-division of a simplicial complex.

(b) Describe all the simplexes in the first barycentric subdivision K(1) of the complex K = cl ( σ )
where σ is the 1-simplex a0 , a1 .

(c) Let K, L be complexes and f : |K| → |L| be a continuous map. Show that there exists a
barycentric subdivision K(r) of K such that f has a simplicial approximation from K(r) to L.

21. (a) Define homotopy of paths in a topological space.

(b) Prove that homotopy of paths is an equivalence relation on the set of all paths in a' topological
space X.

(2 × 5 = 10 weightage)
D 101270-A (Pages : 4) Name.....................................

Reg. No..................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
(CBCSS)

Mathematics

MTH4E07—ALGEBRAIC TOPOLOGY

(2019 Admission onwards)

(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)

Time : 15 Minutes Total No. of Questions : 20 Maximum : 20 Marks

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE

MTH 4E 07—ALGEBRAIC TOPOLOGY

(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)

1. The simplex σ n = a0 , a1 , …, an−1 has :

(A) 2n faces. (B) (n + 1)2 faces.

(A) 3-simplex. (B) a 0-simplex.

(A) {ta + (1 − t)b : t ∈ 0 ≤ t ≤ 1} . (B) {ta + (1 − t)b : t ∈ 0 < t < 1} .

(C) {ta + (1 − t)b : t ∈ R} . (D) {ta + (1 − t)b : t ∈ R }.

4. Let ( X, x0 ) and ( Y, y0 ) be spaces equipped with base points. Then Π1 ( X × Y, ( x0 , y0 ) ) is

isomorphic to :

(A) Π1 ( X, x0 ) × Π1 ( Y, y0 ) . (B) Z.

5. The boundary of the 0-chain is :

(A) A zero chain. (B) A one chain.

6. The simplex σ2 = a0 , a1 has :

(A) Three vertices. (B) One vertex.

7. The barycentric co-ordinates of the simplex σ = (0,0,0), (1,1,1), (1,0,1) is :

(A) (1/2, 1/2, 1/2). (B) (1/3, 1/3, 2/3).

8. The sphere Sn :

(A) not triangulable.

(B) is triangulable for all n ≥ 2

(C) is triangulable for all n ≥ 1

(D) is triangulable for all n ≥ 0

9. The dimension of the 0-simplex is :

(A) Not defined. (B) 2.

10. The dimension of the simplex σ2 = a0 , a1 , a2 is :

(A) 1. (B) 0.
(C) – 1. (D) 2.
11. The Euler characteristic of S2 is :

(A) 2. (B) 0.
(C) – 1. (D) 1.

12. ( )
R0 S2 is equal to :

(A) – 1. (B) 1.
(C) 2. (D) 2.

13. ( )
R 2 S2 is equal to :

(A) 0. (B) 1.
(C) – 1. (D) ± 1.
14. If S is a simple polyhedron with V vertices, E edges and F faces, then V – E + F =
————.

(A) 1. (B) – 1.
(C) 0. (D) 2.

Turn over
4 D 101270-A

15. Let K be a 2-pseudomanifold with α0 vertices, α1 1-simplexes and α2 2-simplexes. Then :

(A) α2 = 3 ( α0 − χ(K) ) . (B) α 2 = ( α 0 − χ (K) ) .

(C) α2 = 3 ( α0 − χ(K)) . (D) α1 = 3 ( α0 − χ(K) ) .

16. The n-sphere Sn is :

(A) Contractible for n = 2. (B) Contractible for n = 3.

(A) 2. (B) 0.
(C) – 1. (D) 1.
18. The antipodal map on Sn has degree :

(A) 0. (B) (–1)n+1.

(A) Multiple of 4. (B) Even.

(A) Isomorphic to the trivial group.

(B) Is isomorphic to a finite group.
(C) Isomorphism to Z ⊕ Z.

(D) Isomorphic to a non-abelian group.

D 101271 (Pages : 3) Name.....................................

Reg. No.................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
(CBCSS)
Mathematics

MTH4E08—COMMUTATIVE ALGEBRA

(2019 Admission onwards)

Time : Three Hours Maximum : 30 Weightage

Part A

Answer all questions.

Each question carries weightage 1.

1. Find a non-zero nilpotent element in the ring of integers mod 8.

2. Let be the ring of integers. Let a = 4 and b = 6 be ideals of ℤ . Find a generator of the
ideal a + b.

3. Let ℤ 2 be the ring of integers mod 2 and ℤ 4 be the cyclic group of order 4. Describe an action of

ℤ 2 on ℤ 4 making it an ℤ 2 -module.

4. Show that in the ring of fractions S–1A , for any s ∈ S, s/s is the identity element.

5. Let ℤ be the ring of integers and I be the ideal generated by 3 ans S = ℤ – I. Verify whether

1 / 6 ∈ S – 1 ℤ.

6. Let A = k [x, y] be the polynomial ring over a field k and let q = (x, y2) be the ideal generated by
x and y2. Show that q is a primary ideal.

2
7. Verify whether is integral over ℤ.
3

8. Show that the polynomial ring k [x] over a field k is integrally closed.
(8 × 1 = 8 weightage)

Turn over
2 D 101271

Part B

Answer any two questions from each unit.

Each question carries weightage 2.

UNIT I

9. Let x be a nilpotent element in a commutative ring A. Show that 1 – x is a unit in A.

10. Let R be the nilradical of a ring A. Show that A/R has no nonzero nilpotent elements.

11. Let L be an A-module and M, N be submodules of L such that N ⊆ M ⊆ L. Show that (L/N)/(M/N)
is isomorphic to L/M.

UNIT II

12. Let S be a multiplicatively closed subset of a commutative ring A. Consider ~ on A × S defined by

Show that ~ is an equivalence relation on A × S.

13. Let N, P be submodules of an A-module M and S be a multiplicatively closed sub-set of A. Show

that S–1 (N + P) = S–1 N + S–1 P.

14. Let q be a primary ideal in a ring A. Show that the radical r (q) of q is a prime ideal.

UNIT III

15. Let A be a subring of a ring B and C be the set of all elements of B which are integral over A. Show
that C is a subring of B.

16. Let A be an integral domain. Show that if A is integrally closed then Ap is integrally closed for
every prime ideal p.

α β
17. Let 0 → M′  → M → M′′ → 0 be an exact sequence of A-modules. Show that if M is
Noetherian then M' and M" are Noetherian.

(6 × 2 = 12 weightage)
3 D 101271

Part C

Answer any two questions.

Each question carries weightage 5.

18. Let A be a non-zero commutative ring. Show that the following are equivalent.

(a) A is a field.

(b) The only ideals of A are (0) and (1).

(c) Every homomorphism φ from A to a non-zero ring B is injective.

19. (a) Let M be an A-module. Show that M is finitely generated if and only if M is isomorphic to a

quotient of An for some positive integer n.

(b) Let M be a finitely generated A-module and R be the Jacobson radical of A. Show that

RM ≠ M.

20. (a) Let S be a multiplicatively closed subset of a ring A. Describe the elements and the ring structure

of S–1 A.

(b) Let A, B be rings and S be a multiplicative suset of A. Let g : A → B be a ring homomorphism

such that g (s) is a unit in B for every s ∈ S. Show that there exists a unique homomorphism

h : S – 1 A → B such that g = h o f where f : A → S– 1 A is the natural inclusion.

21. (a) Define valuation ring.

(b) Let B be an integral domain and K be its field of fractions. Prove that if B is a valuation ring
over K then :

(i) B is a local ring.

(ii) If B' is a ring such that B ⊆ B′ ⊆ K then B′ is a valuation ring of K.

(iii) B is integrally closed in K.

(2 × 5 = 10 weightage)
D 101271-A (Pages : 5) Name.....................................

Reg. No..................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
(CBCSS)

Mathematics

MTH4E08—COMMUTATIVE ALGEBRA

(2019 Admission onwards)

(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)

Time : 15 Minutes Total No. of Questions : 20 Maximum : 20 Marks

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE

MTH 4E 08—COMMUTATIVE ALGEBRA

(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)
1. Let A be a commutative ring with unity with two binary operatoins additon and
multiplication, then which of the following is false ?

(A) A can be an empty set. (B) A is an abelian group with respect to addition.
(C) xy = yx for all x, y ∈ A. (D) I ∈ A.

A
2. Let A be a commutative ring with unity and a ⊂ A be an ideal of A and also φ : A → is
a
defined by φ( x) = x + a for x ∈ A. Then choose the statement which is necessarily true :

(A) φ is one to one and ring homomorphism.

(B) φ is not one to one and onto but ring homomorphism.
(C) φ is onto but not ring homomorphism.
(D) φ is both onto and ring homomorphism.
3. Let A be a commutative ring with unity. Then :

(A) Every unit element is a zero divisor.

(B) Every nilpotent element is a zerodivisor.
(C) Every zerodivisor is a unit element.
(D) Every zerodivisor is a nilpotent element.
4. Let A be a field ≠ 0. Then choose the false statements :

(A) Only ideals in A are 0 and (1).

(B) Every homomorphisms of A into a a non-zero ring B is injective.
(C) A is an integral domain.

A
(D) There exsits x ≠ 0 such that ≅ (0).
( x)

5. Let a = (a) and b = (b) be two ideals in the ring Z. Then :

(A) a + b = ( hcf ( a, b) ) . (B) a ∩ b = ( hcf ( a, b) ) .

(C) a + b = ( Lcm(a, b) ) . (D) a + b = ( Lcm(a, b) ) and a ∩ b = ( hcf (a, b) ) .

3 D101271-A

6. Let a and b be two ideals of a commutative ring A with unity. Then choose false
statements :
(A) a ∩ b is an ideal in A. (B) ab is an ideal in A.
(C) a + b is an ideal in A. (D) a ∪ b is an ideal in A.
7. Let M and N be two A-modules, M′ be a submodule of M and f : M → N is an A-module
homomorphism. Choose the false statement :

M
(A) is an A-module. (B) Ker f is a submodule of M.
M′
(C) Im(f) is a submodule of N. (D) Coker (f) is a submodule of N.

8. Let M be an A-module and ( Mi )i∈I be a family of submodules of M. Also let N be a submodule

of M which contain all Mi. Then :
(A) N = ∑ Mi . (B) N ⊆ ∑ Mi .

(C) ∑ Mi ⊆ N. (D) ∑ Mi never equal to N.

9. Let M be a finitely generated A-module, let a be an ideal of A, and let φ be an A-module

endomorphism of M such that φ(M) ⊆ aM. Then for ai ∈ a, φn + a1φn−1 + … + an is :

(A) Equal to zero. (B) Less than zero.

(A) If M = 0 then there exists atleast one prime ideal p of A such that M p ≠ 0.

(B) If M = 0 then there exists atleast one maximal ideal m of A such that Mm ≠ 0.

(C) If Mp = 0 for every prime ideal p of A then M ≠ 0.

(D) If there exists a prime ideal p of A such that M p ≠ 0 then M ≠ 0.

11. A be a commutative ring with unity, S be multiplicatively closed subset of A :

(A) Every ideal in S–1 A is an extended ideal.

(B) ae = (1).
A
(C) If a is a contracted ideal in A then there exists a zero-divisor in .
a
(D) Prime ideal of S–1A are in one to one correspondence with the prime ideal of A.

Turn over
4 D101271-A

12. Let f : A → B be a ring homomorphism, f * : Spec(B) → Spec(A) the associated mapping :

(A) If f* is surjective then there exists a prime ideal of A which is not contracted ideal.
(B) f* is injective if there exists a prime ideal of B that is not an extended ideal.
(C) If f* is bijective then there exists a prime ideal of A that is contracted ideal.
(D) If there exists a prime ideal of B which is an extended ideal that f* is injective.
13. Choose the true statements :

(A) Z is a U.F.D.

(B) K [ x1 ,…, xn ] is a U.F.D. for commutative ring, K, with unity.

(D) Z  10  is a U.F.D.

14. Let q be an ideal in a ring A :

A
(A) If q is primary then q = 0.

A
(B) If q = 0 then q is not primary.

A
(C) If q is primary then there exists a zero-divisor in q which is not nilpotent.

(D) There exists a prime ideal which is not primary.

15. Let Z[t] be a polynomial ring, m = (2, t) and q = (4, t) :

(A) m is not a maximal ideal. (B) q is not m-primary.

(C) q is power of m. (D) m is prime ideal.
16. Let B be a ring and A be a subring of B.
I : x ∈ B is integral over A if and only if A[x] is finitely generated A-module.
II : x ∈ B is integral over A if and only if A[x] is contained in a subring C of B such that C is
a finitely generated A-module.
(A) Both I and II are true. (B) I is true and II is false.
(C) I is false and II is true. (D) Both I and II are false.
5 D101271-A

17. Let A ⊆ B be rings, B integral over A. Denote set of all units in A and B by U(A) and U(B)
respectively :

(A) U(A) ⊆ U(B) ∩ A.

(B) U(B) ∩ A ⊆ U(A).

(C) x ∈ A is a unit in A then it is a unit in B.
(D) If x ∈ B is a unit in B then it is a unit in A.
18. Let A be an integral domain, K is field of fraction :

I : A is a valuation ring of K.

II : If a, b are two ideals of A, then either a ⊆ b or b ⊆ a.

(A) I ⇒ II true but converse need not be true.

(B) II ⇒ I true but converse need not be true.
(C) I ⇔ II.
(D) None of these.
19. Let A be Neotherian, then :

(A) There exists a non-empty set of ideals in A which has no maximal element.
(B) Every ascendng chain of ideals in A is stationary.
(C) There exists an ideal which is not finitely generated.
(D) If A is a subring of B then B is Neotherian.
20. Let A be an Artin ring, choose the false statement :

(A) Every prime ideal is maximal ideal.

(B) Nilradical is equal to the Jacobson radical.
(C) Nilaradical R is nilpotent.
(D) An Artinian ring may have infinite number of maximal ideals.
D 101272 (Pages : 4) Name.....................................

Reg. No.................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
(CBCSS)
Mathematics

MTH4E09—DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY

(2019 Admission onwards)

Time : Three Hours Maximum : 30 Weightage

Part A

Answer all questions.

Each question carries a weightage of 1.

( )
1. Sketch the level sets f – 1 ( – 1) , f – 1 ( 0 ) for f x1 , x2 , ... , x n + 1 = x1 + x2 + ... + x n – xn + 1 , n = 1.
2 2 2 2

2. Use Lagrange’s multiplier method to find three positive numbers whose sum is 36 and their product
is as large as possible.

3. Let S be an n-plane a1 x1 + ... + an + 1 , xn + 1 = b, let p, q ∈ S and v = (p, v) ∈ Sp. If α is any

parametrized curve in S from p to q, find the parallel transport of v along α to q.

2 2 2
4. Show that α (t) = (cos at) e1 + (sin at) e2 is a geodesic in x1 + x2 + ... + xn + 1 = 1 for some α ∈ ℝ and

for some orthogonal pair of unit vectors {e1, e2} in ℝ n + 1 .

3 3 2
5. Compute ∇ v f , where f : ℝ3 → ℝ and v ∈ R p , p ∈ R is f (x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) = x1 x2 x3 ,
v = (1, 1, 1, a, b, c).

2 2
x1 x2
6. Compute the line integral ∫ ( – x2 dx1 + x1 dx2 ) where C is the ellipse a2
+
b2
= 1, oriented by its
C
inward normal.

7. Show that the integral of an exact 1-form over a closed curve is zero.

Turn over
2 D 101272

8. Evaluate the normal curvature of an n-sphere S of radius r at p ∈ S in the direction of v ∈ S p .

(8 × 1 = 8 weightage)

Part B

Answer two questions from each unit.

Each question carries a weightage of 2.

UNIT I

9. Determine completeness of the vector field X (x1, x2) = (x1, x2, – x2, x1) on U = ℝ 2 – {( 0, 0 )} .

10. Show that if S is a connected n-surface in ℝ n + 1 and g : S → ℝ is smooth and takes on only the
values 1 and – 1, then g is constant.

11. Show that the set of all unit vectors at all points of ℝ2 is a 3-surface in ℝ 2 .

UNIT II

12. Let S be an n-surface in ℝ n + 1 and let β : I → S be a geodesic in S with β ( t0 ) = β ( 0 ) and

βɺ ( t0 ) = βɺ ( 0 ) for some t0 ∈ I , t0 ≠ 0. Show that β is periodic by showing that β (t + t0) = β ( t ) for

all t such that both t and t + t0 ∈ I.

13. If X and Y are smooth vector fields on an n-surface S with v ∈ S p , p ∈ S, then show that

∇ v ( X ⋅ Y ) = ( ∇ v X ) ⋅ Y ( p) + X ( p) ⋅ ( ∇ v Y ) .

– x2 x1
14. Let η be the 1-form on ℝ 2 – {0} defined by η = dx1 + dx2 and let C be the ellipse
x12 + x 22 x12 + x 22

2 2
x1 x2
+ = 1. Show that η over C is not exact.
a2 b2
D 101272

UNIT III

2 2 2
15. Let S be the hyperboloid in ℝ3 given by – x1 + x 2 + x3 = 1. Find the normal curvature of S at

 – x1 x2 x3 
( 0, 0, 1) in the direction of a unit vector v ∈ S p , oriented by the normal N (p) =  p, p
,
p
, 
p 


for p = ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) ∈ S.

16. Find the Guassian curvature of a cylinder over a plane curve.

17. Describe the parametrized n-plane and verify that it is regular.

(6 × 2 = 12 weightage)

Part C

Answer any two questions.

Each question carries a weightage of 5.

18. (a) State and prove existence and uniqueness of maximal integral curve of a smooth tangent
vector field X on an n-surface S ⊆ ℝ n + 1 and through p ∈ S.

(b) State and prove Lagrange’s Multiplier theorem.

19. (a) Show that the Weingarten map of an n-surface S at p ∈ S is self adjoint.

(b) Find global parametrization and curvature of ax1 + bx2 = c, (a, b) ≠ (0, 0), oriented by the
outward normal.

20. (a) For each 1-form w on U (U open in ℝ n + 1 ), show that there exist unique functions fi : U → ℝ

n+1
( i ∈ {1, 2, ..., n + 1}) such that w = ∑ fi dxi . Also show that w is smooth if and only if each
i=1

fi is smooth.

Turn over
4 D 101272

(b) Find the Guassian curvature of the parametrized torus in ℝ3 given by :

ψ ( θ, φ ) = ( ( a + b cos φ ) cos θ, ( a + b cos φ ) sin θ, b sin φ ) where, a > b > 0.

21. Let S be an n-surface in ℝ n + 1 and let p ∈ S. Show that there exists an open set V about p

in ℝ n + 1 and a parametrized n-surface φ : U → ℝ n + 1 such that φ is a one to one map from U

onto V ∩ S.

(2 × 5 = 10 weightage)
D101272-A (Pages : 5) Name.....................................

Reg. No..................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
(CBCSS)
Mathematics
MTH 4E 09—DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY
(2019 Admission onwards)
[Improvement Candidates need not appear for MCQ Part]
(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)

Time : 20 Minutes Total No. of Questions : 20 Maximum : 5 Weightage

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE

MTH 4E 09—DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY

(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)

1. f ( x1 , x2 ) = x12 + x22 . Then level set of f at height 0 is ————.

(A) Empty. (B) Circle of radius 1.

2. f ( x1 , x2 ) = x12 + x22 . Then level set of f at height 0 is ————.

(A) Empty. (B) A rectangular hyperbola.

(A) An n-surface in Rn+1. (B) A 1-surface of Rn.

d
4. If f : U → R, U ⊂ R
n +1
and α : I → U then ( f o α ) (t) = ————.
dt

(A) f ′ ( α(t) ) α′(t). (B) f ′ ( α(t) ) αɺ (t).

(C) ∆f ( α(t) ) ⋅ αɺ (t). (D) ∆f ( α(t) ) ⋅ α′(t).

5. The dimension of the tangent space to an n-surface in Rn+1 at a point is :

(A) 1. (B) n.
(C) n – 1. (D) n + 1.

6. The cylinder x12 + x22 = 1 in R3 is obtained by rotating :

(A) The circle x12 + x22 = 1 about x1-axis.

(B) The line x1 = 1 in the x1x3 plane about x1-axis.

7. The maximum and minimum values of the function g ( x1 , x2 ) = x12 + x22 on the ellipse

x12 + 2 x22 = 1 are ———— and ————.

(A) 2, 1. (B) 1, ½.
(C) 3, 2. (D) 1, 0.
3 D101272-A

8. S be an n-surface in Rn+1. Then the bass ( v1 , ………, vn ) for the tangent space Sp is sad to be
consistent if ———.

 v1   v1 
   
det  ⋮  ≠ 0. det  ⋮  = 0.
(A) . (B)
v  v 
 n  n

 v1   v1 
   
det  ⋮  > 0. det  ⋮  < 0.
(C) (D)
v  v 
 n  n

9. α : I → S is a geodesic if and only if it satisfies the differential equation ————.

(A) ɺɺ + ( αɺ ⋅ N oɺ α ) (N o α) = 0.
α (B) ɺɺ + ( αɺ ⋅ N o α ) (N oɺ α) = 0.
α

10. α : I → S is a geodesic on an n-surface S in Rn+1 if ————.

(A) α is orthogonal to S. (B) Speed of α is constant.
(C) αɺ ⊥ α
ɺɺ . (D) All are true.

11. An n-surface S in Rn+1 is said to be geodesically complete if ————.

(A) Image of every maximal geodesic is S.

(B) Domain of every maximal geodesic is R.
(C) Image of every maximal geodesic is a complete subset of S.
(D) Doman of every geodesic is a complete subset of R.
12. Let α be a geodesic on a 2-surface S. Then a vector field X tangent to S along α is parallel
along α if and only if :

(A) X is a constant.

(B) X and the angle between X and αɺ are constants.

(C) X and αɺ are constant.

(D) X ′ and αɺ ′ are constant.

Turn over
4 D101272-A

13. What is the parallel transport of v = (0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0) from (0, 0, 1) to (0, 0, – 1) along the
parametrized curve αθ (t) = (cos θ sin t,sin θ sin t, cos t) on S2 ?

(A) (0, 0, – 1, cos θ, sin θ, 0). (B) (0, 0, – 1, – cos θ, – sin θ, 0).
(C) (0, 0, – 1, 2cos θ, 2sin θ, 0). (D) (0, 0, – 1, – cos 2θ, – sin 2θ, 0).
14. A nesessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a global parametrization for a
plane curve C is ?

(A) C is compact. (B) C is connected.

15. Let f : R 2 → R, given by f ( x, y) = 2 x2 + 3 y2 , p = (1,0), v = ( p, 2,1). Then ∇ v f = ————.

(A) 14. (B) 10.

16. Let f : R 2 → R, given by f ( x, y) = x2 − y2 , p = (1,1), v = ( p, cos θ,sin θ). Then ∇ v f = ————.

(A) 2 (cos θ – sin θ). (B) 2 (cos θ + sin θ).

(C) sin 2θ. (D) cos 2θ.
17. Let S be a plane curve, p ∈ S such that the radius of curvature at p is non zero, and let C be
the circle of curvature at p. Then which of the following statement is true ?

(i) Sp = Cp ; (i) Orientation normals of S and C at p are equal.

(A) Only (i) is true. (B) Only (ii) is true.

18. Let S denote the hyperboloid − x12 + x22 + x32 = 1, oriented by its outward normal. Let
p = (0,0,1). Then the principal curvatures of S at p are :

(A) – 1, 0. (B) 0, 1.
(C) – 1, 1. (D) – 1, 0, 1.

19. Let S be an oriented n-surface in Rn+1, p ∈ S, and let k1 ( p), k2 ( p), … , kn ( p) be the principal
curvatures with respective directons v1 , v2 , …, vn . Let v ∈ S p and for i = 1, … , n θi be the
angle between v2 and vi. Then the normal curvature k(v) = ————.

2 2
(A) ∑1n ki ( p) cos θi . (B) ∑1n ki ( p) sin θi .

(C) ∑1n ki ( p) cos θi . (D) ∑1n ki ( p)sin θi .

5 D101272-A

20. Let S be a compact oriented n-surface in Rn+1. Which of the following is a necessary and
sufficient condition for the Gauss-Kronecker curvature K(p) to be non-zero for all p ∈ S.

(A) The second fundamental form is positive definite at each point.

(B) The first fundamental form is positive definite at each point.
(C) The second fundamental form is negative definite at each point.
(D) The second fundamental form is definite at each point.
D 101273 (Pages : 3) Name.........................................

Reg. No.....................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
(CBCSS)

Mathematics

MTH4E10—FLUID DYNAMICS

(2019 Admission onwards)

Time : Three Hours Maximum : 30 Weightage

Part A
Answer all the questions.
Each question carries 1 weightage.

1. Show that the magnitude of the vorticity multiplied by the cross sectional area is constant along
the filament.

2. Obtain the pressure equation for irrotational motion.


2 2 2

3. Show that u  2c xy, v  c a  x  y are the velocity components of a possible fluid motion.

4. State the circle theorem.

5. What is dividing streamline ?

6. Let there be a source of strength m at z = f, where f is real, outside the cylinder radius a whose
centre is at the origin. Determine the complex potential

7. What is Rankine’s solid ?

8. If there is a doublet at the origin of strength  in the direction of the unit vector a1, prove that its

1
velocity potential is     a,    , where r is the position vector of the point vector of the point at
r

which  is calculated.

(8 × 1 = 8 weightage)

Turn over
2 D 101273

Part B
Answer any six questions choosing two questions from each unit.
Each question carries 2 weightage.
Unit I
9. State and prove Kelvin’s minimum energy theorem.

10. Derive Bernoulle’s equation.

2
1  x  a   y2
11. Show that the velocity potential   log gives a possible motion, and determine the
2  x  a  2  y2

form of the streamlines.

Unit II

12. Obtain the equations of the streamlines of the irrotational two-dimensional motion of an inviscid
liquid.

13. State and prove the theorem of Blasius.

1  a3 
14. Discuss the motion represented by w  u   and show that the streamlines are lemniscates.
2  z2 

Unit III

15. In liquid bounded by the axes of x and y in the first quadrant there is a source of strength m at
distance a from the origin on the bisector of the angle x O y . Prove that the complex potential is


m log a4  z4 . 
16. Let there be a source of strength m at A  a,0  , and a sink m at B   a,0  , and a uniform

stream u parallel to the real axis. Determine the stream function and the dividing streamlines.

17. Consider a line source stretching along the axis from O to A, the strength at the distance

m
 from 0 being per unit length where OA = a. Show that if m is a constant then the streamlines
a

are hyperbolas with foci at O and A.

(6 × 2 = 12 weightage)
3 D 101273

Part C
Answer any two questions.
Each question carries 5 weightage.
u v w
18. (a) Establish the equation of continuity for an incompressible fluid in the form x  y  z  0 .

(b) Derive velocity from the stream function.

19. Discuss the streaming motion part a circular cylinder.

20. (a) Show that rotational motion is permanent.

(b) If there is a source at  a,0  and  a,0  and sinks at (0, a), (0, –a), all of equal strength, show

that the circle through these four points is a streamline.

21. (a) What is Stokes stream function ? Explain.

A 2 2
(b) Verify that    2 cos   B r  sin  is a possible form of Stokes stream function, and find
r 

the corresponding velocity potential.

(2 × 5 = 10 weightage)
D 101273–A (Pages : 4) Name........................................

Reg. No.....................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
(CBCSS)

Mathematics

MTH4E10—FLUID DYNAMICS

(2019 Admission onwards)

[Improvement Candidates need not appear for MCQ Part]
(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)

Time : 20 Minutes Total No. of Questions : 20 Maximum : 5 Weightage

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE

1. This Question Paper carries Multiple Choice Questions from 1 to 20.

2. The candidate should check that the question paper supplied to him/her contains all the
20 questions in serial order.

3. Each question is provided with choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) having one correct answer.
Choose the correct answer and enter it in the main answer-book.

4. The MCQ question paper will be supplied after the completion of the descriptive
examination.
2 D 101273–A

MTH4E10—FLUID DYNAMICS
(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)

1. A substance that is capable of ————— is termed as fluid.

(A) Flowing. (B) Osmosis.

(C) Melting. (D) Solidification.

2. The two types of fluids are —————.

(A) Solid, liquid. (B) Plasma, solid.

(C) Solid, Liquid. (D) Liquid, gases.

3. Which among the following is incompressible ?

(A) Liquid. (B) Gases.

(C) Solid. (D) Fluid.

4. Which among the following is compressible ?

(A) Liquid. (B) Gases.

(C) Solid. (D) Fluid.

5. A ————— is a line whose direction coincides with the direction of the resultant velocity of the
fluid.

(A) Timeline. (B) Curving line.

(C) Line of flow. (D) Optimal line.

6. If F is a vector function defined within and on the closed surface S enclosing a volume V, then the
Gauss divergence theorem states that —————.

∫s F ⋅ n dS = ∫ ∇ F dV. ∫v F ⋅ n dV = ∫ ∇ ⋅ F dS.
ur r ur ur r ur
(A) v
(B) s

∫v F ⋅ n dV = ∫ ∇ ⋅ F dV. ∫s F ⋅ n dS = ∫ ∇ ⋅ F dS.
ur r ur ur r ur
(C) v
(D) s

dp
7. + ρ ( ∇ ⋅ q ) = 0 represents the ————— form of equation of continuity.
r
dt

(A) First. (B) Second.

(C) Third. (D) Fourth.

3 D 101273–A

8. For an incompressible fluid or homogeneous liquid, density is —————.

(A) Constant. (B) Zero.

(C) Infinity. (D) One.

9. The motion of a fluid is said to be irrotational, if the value of the ————— vector is zero.

(A) Vorticity. (B) Unit.

(C) Normal. (D) Unit normal.

10. The rate of change of circulation is also known as ————— theorem.

(A) Bernoulli’s. (B) Laplace’s.

(C) Kelvin’s. (D) Newton’s.

11. Vorticity is ————— for two-dimensional liquid flow.

(A) Zero. (B) Constant.

(C) One. (D) Not defined.

12. Stream function is ————— along a streamline.

(A) Zero. (B) Constant.

(C) One. (D) Not defined.

13. In two-dimensional motion, the ————— lines and the streamlines cut orthogonally.

(A) Mono-potential. (B) Bi-potential.

(C) Tri-potential. (D) Equi-potential.

14. In two-dimensional motion, the equi-potential lines and the streamlines cut —————.

(A) Orthogonally. (B) At multiple points.

(C) Both (A) and (B). (D) None of these.

Turn over
4 D 101273–A

15. The equi-potential lines for the complex potential w = uz are —————.

(A) Straight lines parallel to y-axis. (B) Straight lines parallel to x-axis.

(C) Both (A) and (B). (D) None of these.

16. The streamlines for the complex potential w = uz are —————.

(A) Straight lines parallel to y-axis. (B) Straight lines parallel to x-axis.

(C) Both (A) and (B). (D) None of these.

17. The streamline that divides on the contour is called the ————— streamline.

(A) Divergent. (B) Intersecting.

(C) Separating. (D) Dividing.

18. The formation of a vacuous space in a fluid is called —————.

(A) Gyration. (B) Porosity.

(C) Levitation. (D) Cavitation.

19. A ————— is a negative source.

(A) Aerofoil. (B) Sink.

(C) Cavity. (D) Source.

20. A sink is a ————— source.

(A) Zero. (B) Positive.

(C) Diverging. (D) Negative.

D 101274 (Pages : 2) Name.........................................

Reg. No.....................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
(CBCSS)

Mathematics

MTH4E11—GRAPH THEORY

(2019 Admission onwards)

Time : Three Hours Maximum : 30 Weightage

Part A
Answer all questions.
Each question carries a weightage 1.
1. Prove that every connected graph contains a spaning tree.

2. If G is a connected graph then prove that  v  1.

3. Draw a simple graph G with    '  .

4. What is the maximum number of perfect matching in a tree.

5. Define Ramsey numbers.

6. Give an example of a graph with     1.

7. Prove that an inner bridge that avoids outer bridge is transferable.

8. If G is non planar, prove that every subdivision of G is non planar.
(8 × 1 = 8 weightage)
Part B
Answer any two questions from each unit.
Each question carries a weightage 2.
Unit I
9. Show that an edge e of a graph G is a cut edge of G if and only if e is not contained in no cycle
of G.

10. If G isa block with v  3 , then show that any two edges of G lie on a common cycle.

v
11. If G isa simple graph with v  3 and   , then prove that G is hamiltonian.
2

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2 D 101274

Unit II

12. If G is bipartite, prove that  '   .

13. Prove that every 3–regular graph without cut edges has a perfect matching.

14. Prove that, in a bipartite graph G with   0 , the number of vertices in a maximum independent
set is equal to the number of edges in a minimum edge covering.
Unit III
15. Prove that every planar graph is 5-vertex clourable.

16. If G is simple, prove that   G     G  e      G.e  for any edge e of G.

17. Prove that a digraph D contains a directed path of length   1.

(6 × 2 = 12 weightage)
Part C

Answer any two questions.

Each question carries a weightage of 5.

18. Prove that a graph is hamiltonian if and only if its closure is hamiltonian.

19. Prove that a graph G has a perfect matching if and only if o  G  S   S for all S  V .

20. If G is 4—chromatic, then prove that G contains a subdivision of K4.

21. If G is a connected simple graph and is neither an odd cycle nor a complete graph, prove that
  .
(2 × 5 = 10 weightage)
101274-A (Pages : 4) Name.....................................

Reg. No..................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
(CBCSS)
Mathematics
MTH4E11 GRAPH THEORY
(2019 Admission onward)
[Improvement Candidates need not appear for MCQ Part]
(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)

Time : 20 Minutes Total No. of Questions : 20 Maximum : 5 Weightage

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE

MTH4E11 GRAPH THEORY

(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)
1. For a given graph G having v vertices and e edges which is connected and has no cycles,
which of the following statements is true ?

(A) v = e. (B) v = e + 1.
(C) v + 1 = e. (D) v = e – 1.
2. A cycle on n vertices is isomorphic to its complement. The value of n is :

(A) 3. (B) 4.
(C) 5. (D) 6.
3. A connected undirected graph containing n vertices and n – 1 edges ————.

(A) Cannot have cycles. (B) Must contain at least one cycle.
(C) Can contain at most two cycles. (D) Must contain at least two cycles.
4. A graph is ———— if it has at least one pair of vertices without a path beween them.

(A) Complete. (B) Connected.

P : Every two points of G are joined by a unique path.

Q : G is connected and p = q – 1

(A) P only. (B) Q only.

(A) 2. (B) 3.
(C) 4. (D) None of the above.
7. Let κ(G) = vertex connectivity, λ(G) = edge connectivity and δ (G) = minimum degree of
graph G. Then :

(A) κ(G) ≤ δ(G) ≤ λ (G). (B) λ(G) ≤ δ(G) ≤ κ(G).

(C) δ(G) ≤ κ (G) ≤ λ (G). (D) κ(G) ≤ δ(G) ≤ λ (G).

3 D101274-A

8. A graph with n vertices will definitely have a parallel edge or self loop if the total number
of edges are :

(A) Greater than n – 1. (B) Less than n(n – 1).

n(n − 1) n2
(C) Greater than . (D) Less than .
2 2

9. The number of elements in the adjacency matrix of a graph having 7 vertices is ————.

(A) 7. (B) 14.

(A) Hamiltonian graph. (B) Euler graph.

(C) Directed graph. (D) Planar graph.
11. If G is the forest with 54 vertices and 17 connected components. G has ———— total number of
edges.

(A) 37. (B) 71.

P : Adjacency matrix is symmetric

Q : Trace of adjacency matrix is 1.
(A) P only. (B) Q only.
(C) Both P and Q. (D) Neither P and Q.
13. What is the maximum number of possible non zero values in an adjacency matrix of a simple
graph with n vertices ?

n(v − 1)
(A) n2. (B) .
2

n(n + 1)
(C) . (D) n.
2
14. How many of the following statements are correct ?

1. All cyclic graphs are complete graphs.

2. All complete graphs are cyclic graphs.

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4 D101274-A

3. All paths are bipartite.

4. All cyclic graphs are bipartite.
5. There are cyclic graphs which are complete.
(A) 1. (B) 2.
(C) 3 (D) 4.
15. Let G be bipartite graph. P : Any vertex deleted graph G – v is also a bipartite graph.
Q : There exists two disjoint trivial induced subgraphs of G.

(A) P is true and Q is false. (B) P is false and Q is true.

(C) P and Q are false. (D) P and Q are true.
16. What will be the chromatic number for an bipartite graph having n vertices ?

(A) 0. (B) 1.
(C) 2. (D) n.
17. What will be the chromatic number for a complete graph having n vertices?

(A) 0. (B) 1.
(C) n. (D) n-1.
18. A matching that matches all the vertices of a graph is called ?

(A) Perfect matching. (B) Cardinally matching.

(A) Even. (B) Odd.

(A) It has a cycle of odd length. (B) It has a cycle of even length.
(C) It has no cycle of odd length. (D) It has no cycle of even length.
D 101275 (Pages : 3) Name..............................

Reg. No.................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. (CBCSS) REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY

DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
Mathematics
MTH 4E 12—REPRESENTATION THEORY
(2019 Admission onwards)
Time : Three Hours Maximum Weightage : 30
Part A
Answer all questions.
Each question carries weightage 1.

2
{ 3
1. Let π(x) be a permutation representation of the cyclic group G = 1, a, a : a = 1 where }
 1 a a2 
π( a) = 
 a2
 1 a 
( )
 . Find π a2 .

2. Give a G-module action on a 2-dimensional vector space V where G is the cyclic group Z2.
3. Let v be the natural character of the symmetric group S4. Find v(a) where a = (124).
4. Let ξ be the character of S3 given by

 1 if x is even
ξ( x) = 
 −1 if x is odd.

Find ξ, ξ .

5. Find the number of simple characters of the cyclic group Z3.

6. Find the number of linear characters of the symmetric group S3,.
7. Let φ be a character of a subgroup H of a group G and let [G : H] = n. Find φG(1).
8. Let H be the subgroup generated by the cycle (1234) in S4. Verify whether H is doubly
transitive.
(8 × 1 = 8 weightage)

Turn over
2 D 101275

Part B
Answer any two questions from each unit.
Each question carries weightage 2.
Unit I

9. Let V be a G-module. Show that for each x ∈ G, α( x) : V → V given by v ֏ vx for all v ∈ V

is a linear automorphism of V.
10. Let φ be a character of a finite group G. Show that if x and y are conjugates in G then
φ( x) = φ( y).

 C( x) 0 
11. Let A(x) be a representation of a group G such that A( x) ∼  E( x) D( x)  . Show that C(x)
 
and D(x) are also representation of G.
Unit II

12. Let X (1) , X (2) ,…, X (r ) be all the simple characters of a finite group G. Show that if φ is any

character of G then φ = ∑ rj =1 d j X ( j ) for some non-negative integers dj.

13. Let ρ be the character of the right regular representation of a finite group G of order g.
Show that ρ(1) = g and ρ(x) = 0 for all x ≠ 1.
14. Describe the character table of the cyclic group Z3.
Unit III
15. Let v be the natural character of the alternating group A5. Show that v – 1 is a simple
character of A5.
16. Let H be a normal subgroup of a group G and ξ be a character of H. Show that

{
W = w ∈ G : ξ(wuw−1 ) = ξ(u) for all u ∈ H }
is a subgroup of G.
17. Let G be a transitive permutation group on 1, 2, …, n and H be the stabilizer of 1. Let ξ be
the trivial character of H. Show that ξG = v where v is the natural character of G.
(6 × 2 = 12 weightage)
Part C
Answer any two questions.
Each question carries weightage 5.
18. (a) Describe the right regular representation R(x) of a finite group G and verify that it is
a representation of G by permutation.
3 D 101275

{ 2 3
(b) Let R(x) be the right regular representation of the cyclic group G = 1, a, a : a = 1 . }
Find R(a) and R(a2).
19. Let N(x) be the natural representation of the symmetric group Sn and v be the natural
chracter of Sn. Show that
(i) v(x) = the number of symbols fixed by x.
(ii) If n ≥ 2 then

 1 0 
N( x) ∼  
 E( x) D( x) 
where D(x) is an (n – 1) × (n – 1) matrix.
20. (a) Let φ be a character of a group G over the complex field. Show that for each

( )
x ∈ G, φ x −1 = φ( x) where φ( x) is the conjugate of φ(x).

(b) Show that if φ and ψ are characters of a group G of order g then with standard notations
1
φ, ψ = ∑ hα φα ψ α .
g
21. Let H be a subgroup of a group G and B(x) be a representation of degree q of H. Let

( ( −1
G = Ht1 ∪ Ht2 ∪ … ∪ Htn be a coset decomposition of G and A(x) = B ti xt j ) ) be the induced
representation of G. Show that
(a) Degree of A(x) is nq.
(b) A(xy) = A(x) A(y) for all x, y ∈ G.
(2 × 5 = 10 weightage)
D 101275-A (Pages : 5) Name.....................................

Reg. No..................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. (CBCSS) REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY

DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
Mathematics
MTH 4E 12—REPRESENTATION THEORY
(2019 Admission onwards)

[Improvement Candidates need not appear for MCQ Part]

(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)

Time : 20 Minutes Total No. of Questions : 20 Maximum : 5 Weightage

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE

1. This Question Paper carries Multiple Choice Questions from 1 to 20.

2. The candidate should check that the question paper supplied to him/her contains all the
20 questions in serial order.

3. Each question is provided with choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) having one correct answer.
Choose the correct answer and enter it in the main answer-book.

4. The MCQ question paper will be supplied after the completion of the descriptive
examination.
2 D 101275-A

MTH 4E 12—REPRESENTATION THEORY

(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)
1. Which of the following is true ?

(A) A group G cannot have more than one representation by permutations.

(B) A group G may have more than one representation by permutations, possibly of
different degrees.
(C) There exists a finite group G which does not have a right regular representation.
(D) None of these.
2. Let A(x) be a faithful representation of a group G. Which of the following is false ?

(A) A( x)A( y) = A( xy) for every x, y ∈ G.

(B) A( x) = I if and only if x = e in G.

(C) A( x) = x for all x ∈ G.

(D) Ker (A) is a normal subgroup of G.
3. Let A(x) be a representation of a group G. Which of the following is false ?

−1
(A) A ( x −1 ) = ( A( x) ) for every x ∈ G.

(B) A(1) = I.
(C) Ker A = {1}.
(D) A(x)A(y) = A(xy) for every x, y ∈ G.
4. Which of the following is true about the contragradient matrix A† of the matrx A ?

(A) A†† = A. (B) A†† = A–1.

(A) φ† ( x) = φ( x). (B) φ† ( x) = φ( x).

6. If X and X are the characters of A(x) and A†(x) respectively, then :

(A) X is simple if and only if X is simple.

(B) X is simple but X need not be simple.

(C) X is simple even when X s not simple.

(D) None of these.

7. If A( x) = ( aij ) is an irreducible representation of degree f, then :

(A) aij , a pq = 0 for all i, j, p, q.

(B) aij , a pq = δ iqδ jp for all i, j , p, q.

(C) aij , a pq = f δ iq δ jp for all i, j, p, q.

(D) aij , a pq = 1f δiqδ jp for all i, j, p, q.

8. The character of an irreducible representation is called :

(A) Trivial character. (B) Compound character.

(C) Simple character. (D) None of these.
9. Two representations of a finite group over the complex field are equivalent if and only
if :

(A) They have the same character.

(B) They have the same determinant.
(C) They have the same character which is zero.
(D) None of these.
10. Let R(x) = rij (x) be the right regular representation of a G-module GC with basis vectors
 x1 (= 1), x2 ,… , x g  and let ρ(x) be the character of R(x). Then, ρ is the g-tuple :

(A) (g, 1, 1, 1, … 1). (B) (0, 0, 0, 0, …, g).

Turn over
4 D 101275-A

1 0   2 1
11. Let P =   and Q =   . Then P ⊗ Q is :
1 1   −1 0 

2 1 2 1
2 0 0 0 1
2 1 1 1
2 0 0  .
(A)  . (B) 0 0 0 0
2 0 2 0  
   0 0 0 0 
 2 2 2 2 

 2 1 0 0  2 0 1 0
 −1 0 0 0   2 2
  1 1
(C) . (D) .
 2 1 2 1  −1 0 0 0
   
 −1 0 −1 0   −1 −1 0 0 

12. Let G be an abelian group of order g. Then for x ∈ G, the conjugacy class of x has :

(A) g – 1. (B) At least two elements.

(A) Z3 has precisely 3 characters.

(B) All characters of Z3 are linear.
(C) Z3 has 3 conjugacy classes.
(D) Z3 has precisely 1 character, the trivial character.
14. Let A be a periodic matrix over C. Then :
(A) A is diagonalizable. (B) A is not diagonalizable.
(C) A is nilpotent. (D) A = I.

15. Let A be a representation of G with character φ and let N = {u ∈ G : φ(u) = φ(1)} . Suppose
p : N is a normal subgroup of G, q : N is the kernel of G. Then :

(A) p and q are true. (B) p is true and q is false.

(A) There does not exist two groups with same character table.
(B) There exists two groups with same character table.
(C) Z4 and V4 have same character table.
(D) S3 and Z6 have same character table.
5 D 101275-A

17. Let G be a group with 4 simple characters X (1) , X (2) , X (3) , X (4) and let X(1)(1) = 1, X(2)(1) = 1,
X(3)(1) = 1, X(4)(1) = 3. Then, [G] is :

(A) 12. (B) 6.

(A) (123)(56). (B) (1256).

19. Let u = (12345) ∈ S5. Suppose Z*u , Zu denote the centraliser of u in S5 and A5 respectively.
Then :

(A) Zu ≠ Zu . (B) Zu = Zu .

20. Number of simple characters of A5 is :

(A) 5. (B) 5!.

5!
(C) . (D) 4.
2
D 101276 (Pages : 4) Name..............................

Reg. No.................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. (CBCSS) REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY DEGREE

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
Mathematics
MTH 4E 13—WAVELET THEORY
(2019 Admission onwards)
Time : Three Hours Maximum Weightage : 30
Part A
Answer all questions.
Each question carries weightage 1.

1. Show that the set E 0 , E 1 , … E N-1 is an orthonormal basis for l 2 ( ZN ) , where

1  2 πimn 
Em (n) = exp  .
N  N 

2. Define Convolution in l2 ( ZN ) . Find z ∗ w if z = (1,1,0,2) and w = (i, 0, 1, i).

3. Suppose T : l2 ( Z N ) → l2 ( Z N ) is a linear transformation. Let AT,E be the matrix representing

T in the standard basis E. If T is translation invariant, prove that AT,E is circulant.

4. Prove Parseval’s relation in L2[ −π, π].

5. Suppose z, w ∈ l2 (Z). Then prove that :

(i) ( zˆɶ ) (θ) = zˆ (θ).

(ii) ( zˆ *) (θ) = zˆ (θ + π).
6. Prove that the trigonometric system is an orthonormal set in L2 [–π, π].

7. For g : R → C and t ∈ R, t > 0, define the t-dilation of g. What do you mean by an approximate
identity.

8. Suppose f ∈ L1 (R). Then prove that almost every point of R is a Lebesgue point of f.
(8 × 1 = 8 weightage)

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2 D 101276

Part B
Answer any two questions from each unit.
Each question carries weightage 2.
Unit 1

 −2 πimk  ˆ
9. Suppose z ∈ l2 ( Z N ) and k ∈ Z. Then show that for any m ∈ Z ( R k z ) (m) = exp   z ( m).
 N 
M −1
10. Suppose M ∈ N , N = 2M and w ∈ l2 ( Z N ) . Then prove that {R 2 kw}k= 0 is an orthonormal set

ˆ (n) 2 + w
with M elements ⇔ w ˆ (n + m) 2 = 2, for n = 0, 1, … M – 1.

11. Explain the First Stage Haar basis for l2 ( ZN ) .

Unit 2

12. Suppose T : L2 ([ −π, π) ) → L2 ([ −π, π) ) is a bounded translation-invariant linear

transformation. Show that for each m ∈ Z, there exists λm ∈ C such that
T ( exp(imθ) ) = λ m exp(imθ).

13. Suppose H is a Hilbert space, {a j } j∈Z is an orthonormal set in H and f ∈ H. Then prove that

2
the sequence { f , a j } j∈Z belongs to l2(Z) with ∑
j∈Z
f,aj ≤ f
2
.

14. Suppose z ∈ l2 (Z) and w ∈ l1 (Z). Then prove that z ∗ w ∈ l2 (Z) and z ∗ w ≤ w 1 z .

Unit 3

15. Suppose {V j } j∈Z is a multiresolution analysis with scaling function ϕ and scaling sequence u.

Then prove that {R 2 ku}k∈Z is an orthonormal set in l2(Z).

1 ˆ
16. If f ∈ L1 (R) and fˆ ∈ L1 (R) then show that ∫ f (ξ) exp(ixξ) dξ = f ( x) at every Lebesgue point
2π R
x of f.
∞
17. Suppose f ∈ L2 (R) and { fn }n =1 is a sequence of L2 functions such that fn → f in L2 (R ) . The
prove that

(i) fˆn → fˆ in L2 (R) as n → ∞.

(ii) f n → f in L2 ( R ) as n → ∞.
(6 × 2 = 12 weightage)
3 D 101276

Part C
Answer any two questions.
Each question carries weightage 5.

18. (i) Suppose N = 2n , 1 ≤ p ≤ n, and u1 , v1 , u2 , v2 , …, up , v p form a pth stage wavelet filter

sequence. Suppose z ∈ l2 ( Z N ) . Then prove that the output { x1 , x2 ,…, x p , y p} of the

analysis phase of the corresponding pth stage wavelet filter bank can be computed
using no more than 4N + N log2N complex multiplications.
2 2
( )
(ii) Suppose N is even, say N = 2 M, z ∈ l ( ZN ) , and x, y, w ∈ l X N2 . Then prove that

(a) D( z) ∗ w = D ( z ∗ U(w) ) .

(b) U( x ∗ y) = U(x) ∗ U( y).

19. (i) Suppose θ0 ∈ (−π, π) and α > 0 is sufficiently small that −π < θ0 − α < θ0 + α < π. Define

 α α
intervals I = ( θ0 − α, θ0 + α ) and J =  θ0 − , θ0 +  . Then prove that there exists
 2 2

δ > 0 and a sequence of real values trigonometric polynomials { pn (θ)}∞n=1 such that

(a) pn (θ) ≥ 1 for θ ∈ I.

(b) pn (θ) ≥ (1 + δ)n for θ ∈ J.

(c) pn (θ) ≤ 1 for θ ∈ [ − π, π]\I.

(ii) Suppose that u, v ∈ l1 (Z). Then prove that B = {R 2 k v}k∈Z ∪ {R 2 k u}k∈Z is a complete
orthonormal set in l2(Z) if and only if the system matrix A(θ) is unitary for all θ ∈ [0, π).

20. Suppose that u, v ∈ l1 (Z) and the system matrix A(θ) is unitary for all θ. For l, a positive

integer, let g l−1 ∈ l 2 (Z) and {R 2 l − 1 k gl −1 }k∈Z is orthonormal in l 2(Z). Let f l = g l − 1 ∗ U l − 1 (v )

and g l = g l −1 ∗ U l −1 (u ) belong to l2(Z). Define

{
V− l+1 = ∑ z( k)R 2l −1 kg
k∈Z l −1 }
: z = ( z( k) )k∈Z ∈ l2 (Z) ,

Turn over
4 D 101276

{
V− l = ∑ z( k)R2l kg : z = ( z( k) )k∈Z ∈ l (Z) ,
k∈Z l
2
}
and

{
W− l = ∑ z(k)R 2l fl : z = ( z( k) )k∈Z ∈ l (Z) .
k∈Z k
2
}
Then prove that V− l ⊕ W− l = V− l +1 .

1  x2 
(i) Define G : R → R by G( x) = exp  −
 2 
21. . Then prove that
2π  

(a) ∫ G( x) dx = 1.
R

c1
(b) There exists c1 > 0 such that G( x) ≤ .
(1+ | x|)2

ˆ ξ) = exp  − ξ  , or G(
2
G( ˆ ξ) = 2π G.
(c)  2 
 

(ii) Suppose g ∈ L1 (R) and t > 0. Then prove that for all ξ ∈ R, gˆ t (ξ) = gˆ (tξ).
(2 × 5 = 10 weightage)
D 101276-A (Pages : 5) Name.....................................

Reg. No..................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. (CBCSS) REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY DEGREE

EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
Mathematics
MTH 4E 13—WAVELET THEORY
(2019 Admission onwards)
[Improvement Candidates need not appear for MCQ Part]
(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)

Time : 20 Minutes Total No. of Questions : 20 Maximum : 5 Weightage

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE

MTH 4E 13—WAVELET THEORY

(Multiple Choice Questions for SDE Candidates)

1. Translation by k operator in l2 ( Z N ) , where k ∈ Z is given by ————.

(A) ( R k z ) (n) = z(n − k) for n ∈ Z. (B) ( R k z ) (n) = z(n + k) for n ∈ Z.

2. The discrete Fourier transform ^ : l2 ( ZN ) → l2 ( ZN ) is defined by ————.

N −1
(A) zˆ (m) = ∑ z(n) e2 πimn / N , m = 0,1, …, N − 1, z ∈ l2 ( Z N ).
n=0

N −1
(B) zˆ (m) = ∑ z(n) e−πimn / N , m = 0,1, …, N − 1, z ∈ l2 ( Z N ).
n=0

N −1
(C) zˆ (m) = ∑ z(n) e−2 πimn / N , m = 0,1, …, N − 1, z ∈ l 2 ( Z N ).
n=0

(D) None of the above.

3. If ^ : l2 ( ZN ) → l2 ( ZN ) is the discrete Fourier transform, then ————.

(A) zˆ (m + N) = zˆ (m) for m ∈ Z. (B) zˆ (m + N) = zˆ (2m) for m ∈ Z.

(C) zˆ (m + N) = zˆ (3m) for m ∈ Z. (D) None of the above.

4. For z ∈ l2 ( Z N ) , z(n) = ————.

1 N / 2 −1 2 πimn / N
(A) ∑ zˆ (m) e for n = 0,1, …, N − 1.
N m=0

1 N−1 2 πin
(B) ∑ zˆ (m) e for n = 0,1, …, N − 1.
N m= 0

1 N−1 2 πimn / N
(C) ∑ zˆ (m) e for n = 0,1,…, N − 1.
N m= 0

(D) None of the above.

3 D 101276-A

5. W4 = ————.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 −i −1 1 −i −1 1
i
(A) W4 =  . (B) W4 =  .
1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1
   
1 i −1 −i  1 i −1 −i 

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 −i −1 i 1 −i −1 i
(C) W4 =  .
(D) W4 =  .
1 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1
   
1 i −1 −1  i i −1 −i 

6. The value of ẑ when z = (1, 0, – 3, 4) ∈ l2 ( Z 4 ) is ————.

 2 
 2   3 + 4i 
4 + 4i  .
(A)  . (B)  −6 
 −6   
   4 − 4 i 
 4 − 5i 

 2   2 
4 − 4i 4 + 4i
 .  .
(C)  −6  (D)  −6 
   
 4 − 4 i   4 − 4i 

7. Suppose N = 6, k = 2 and z = (7, 3 − i,2i, 4 + i,7,1), then ( R2 z ) (0) = ————.

(A) 0. (B) 1.
(C) 2. (D) None of the above.

8. Suppose N = 6, k = 2 and z = (2,3, −i, 2i, 4 + i,5,1), then ( R2 z ) (0) = ————.

(A) 2. (B) 3 – i.
(C) 5. (D) 4 + i.

9. Suppose N = 6, k = 3 and z = (2,3, −i, 2i, 4 + i,5,1), then ( R 3 z ) (0) = ————.

(A) 2. (B) 3 – i.
(C) 5. (D) 4 + i.
Turn over
4 D 101276-A

10. Suppose N = 6, k = 2 and z = (2,3, −i, 2i, 4 + i,5,1), then ( R 2 z ) (1) = ————.

(A) 1. (B) 3 – i.
(C) 5. (D) 4 + i.

11. Suppose N = 6, k = 1 and z = (2,3, −i, 2i, 4 + i,5,1), then ( R1 z ) (0) = ————.

(A) 2. (B) 3 – i.
(C) 1. (D) 4 + i.

12. Suppose N = 6, k = 4 and z = (2,3, −i, 2i, 4 + i,5,1), then ( R4 z ) (0) = ————.

(A) 2. (B) 3 – i.
(C) 5. (D) 2i.

13. Suppose z, w ∈ l2 ( Z N ) . For k ∈ Z, z ∗ w

ɶ (k) = ————.

(A) z, R k−1 w . (B) z, R k+1w .

(C) z, R k w . (D) None of the above.

14. Let z, w ∈ l ( Z N ) . Then for any k, j ∈ Z, R k z, R j w = ————

(A) R k+ j z, w . (B) R k− j z, w .

15. If X : ZN → C is multiplicative, and f X ≡ 0 then for any natural number n, X(n) = ———.

(A) [ X(1)]n . (B) [ X(1)]n / 2 .

(C) [ X(1)]n / 3 . (D) None of the above.

16. Suppose N = 2n for some n ∈ N. Then #N ≤ ————.

1 1
(A) N log 2 N. (B) N log 2 N.
3 4

1
(C) N log 2 N. (D) None of the above.
2
5 D 101276-A

M −1
17. Suppose M ∈ N, N = 2M and w ∈ l2 ( Z N ) . Then prove that {R 2 k w}k =0 is an orthonormal set
with M elements if and only if ————.

(A) ˆ ( n) 2 + w
w ˆ (n + M) 2 = 2 for n = 2, 1, …, M − 1.

(B) ˆ (n) 2 + w
w ˆ (n + M) 2 = 1 for n = 0, 1, …, M − 1.

(D) None of the above.

18. Suppose H is a Hilbert space, {a j } j∈Z is an orthonormal set in H, and f ∈ H. Then

————.

2 2 2 2
(A) ∑ j∈Z f , a j ≥ f . (B) ∑ j∈Z f , a j ≤ f .

2 2 2 2
(C) ∑ j∈Z f , a j = f . (D) ∑ j∈Z f , a j ≤4 f .

19. Which one of the following statements is true ?

(A) L1 ( R ) ⊂ L2 ( R ) . (B) L2 ( R ) ⊂ L1 ( R ) .

(C) L1 ( R ) = L2 ( R ) . (D) None of the above.

20. Let T : l2 ( ZN ) → l2 ( Z N ) be a translation-invariant linear transformation. Then ————.

(A) det T = 1. (B) det T = 0.

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D 101266 (Pages : 3) Name.........................................

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

MTH4C15—ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

(2019 Admission onwards)

Time : Three Hours Maximum : 30 Weightage

1. Define spectrum of a bounded operator.

2. Prove that for every compact operator T,0    T  .

4. If A is symmetric, then prove that A 2n  0.

5. Prove that the Gelfand transform has the following property :

6. State Gelfand-Mazur theorem.

7. Define regular point of an element in an algebra.

8. Define Wiener algebra.

with y0  1 and such that the distance of y0 to E1 satisfies dist  y0 ,E1   1 / 2.

11. Find the spectrum of the operator D w in l2 which is defined by Dw x   w1 x1 , w2 x2 , . . . for

12. If A  0 and A x, x  0 then prove that Ax = 0.

13. If P is an orthoprojection, then prove that Im P  ker P .

14. Let   t   K  a, b . Then prove that there exists a sequence of polynomials Pn  t     t  as n  

for all t   a, b.

20. If K is perfectly convex in a Bananch space X, then prove that :

a basis of X if and only if the projections Un defined by :

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

MTH4C15—ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

(2019 Admission onwards)

Time : 15 Minutes Total No. of Questions : 20 Maximum : 20 Marks

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE

MTH4C15—ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

(A) A closed subset of C. (B) An open subset of C.

(A) There exists x ∈ X\{0} such that AX – λX.

3. The continuous spectrum σ c (A) is :

(A) λ ∈ σ c (A) ⇔ λ ∈ σ(A)\σ p (A). (B) Img (A − λI) is dense in X.

(C) Both (A) and (B). (D) Either (A) or (B).

4. The right shift operator A : l2 → l2 defined by A ( ei ) = ei +1. Then A is :

(A) Continuous. (B) 0 ∈ σ(A).

(C) 0 ∉ σ(A). (D) None of these.

5. Which of the following is true ?

(A) σ c (A) = [0,1]. (B) σ c (A) = (0,1].

(C) σ c (A) = (0,1). (D) All of these.

6. Let T be a compact operator and λ ≠ 0. Then ∆ λ = ∆ λ . That is :

(A) ∆λ is a closed subspace. (B) ∆λ is a open subspace.

(A) Ker Tλ = {0}. (B) Ker Tλ ≠ {0}.

8. Suppose X is a Banach space and T a compact operator on X, λ ≠ {0}. If ∆λ = X then :

(A) Ker Tλ = {0}. (B) ∆λ = {0}.

(A) AB is not symmetric. (B) AB is also symmetric.

(C) A = 1. (D) None of these.

11. Ax, x ∈ R for every x ∈ H if and only if :

(A) A is skew symmetric. (B) A is conjugate.

(A) E1 ∩ E2 = {0}. (B) E1 + E2 = E.

(A) P > P*. (B) P < P*.

(A) Zero. (B) Not defined.

(A) A is a graph. (B) F(A) ⊆ X × Y is the graph of an operator.

16. C00 is a convex subset of :

(A) l1. (B) en.

(A) K is convex. (B) K is Hausdorff.

(A) Reflexive set. (B) Banach Algebra.

19. If I is a proper ideal, then its closure I is :

(A) Equal to one. (B) Equal to zero.

(A) An Algebra. (B) Supremum.

FOURTH SEMESTER M.Sc. DEGREE (REGULAR/SUPPLEMENTARY)

MTH4C16—OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH.

(2019 Admission onwards)

Time : Three Hours Maximum : 30 Weightage

1. What is meant by Crash cost schedule ?

2. What is meant by optimal scheduling by critical path method ?

3. Draw the graph of the direct cost relationship.

4. Distinguish between forward dynamic programming and backward dynamic programming.

5. Decide the definiteness of the function :

f ( X ) = −3 x12 + 2 x22 − 3 x32 − 10 x1 x2 + 4 x2 x3 + 6 x1 x3 .

6. Is the sum of two convex functions convex ? Justify your answer.

7. What are the limitations of Fibonacci search method ?

8. What is the general form of a constrained posynomial minimization problem ?

10. Describe the Stepping step method in project management.

14. Find the minimum value of z = −2 x1 − x2 subject to x1 − x2 ≤ 0, x12 + x22 ≤ 4, x1 , x2 ≥ 0.

16. Find the lower bound for f ( x ) = x −4 + 4 x3 + 4 x, x > 0.

17. Describe the Gravel box design.

19. (a) Define compression limit of an activity.

20. (a) What is capital budgeting problem ?

(A) P > P. (B) P < P.