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UNIT1&2 (1)

The document provides an overview of internet fundamentals and web development technologies, covering topics such as the growth of the internet, basic internet protocols, and the history of the internet. It also discusses web development concepts, client-side scripting with JavaScript, and server-side programming using Java Servlets. Key components include markup languages, database connectivity, and the structure of web pages and applications.

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2 views4 pages

UNIT1&2 (1)

The document provides an overview of internet fundamentals and web development technologies, covering topics such as the growth of the internet, basic internet protocols, and the history of the internet. It also discusses web development concepts, client-side scripting with JavaScript, and server-side programming using Java Servlets. Key components include markup languages, database connectivity, and the structure of web pages and applications.

Uploaded by

siddarthvedantu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Internet and Web Development Study Notes

UNIT-I: Internet Fundamentals and Web Technologies

Growth of Internet

 Rapid expansion since the 1990s

 Exponen al increase in users, websites, and data transfer

 Key factors: improved infrastructure, affordable devices, user-friendly interfaces

Basic Internet Protocols

1. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

o Founda on of internet communica on

o TCP: Ensures reliable, ordered data delivery

o IP: Handles addressing and rou ng of data packets

2. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

o Protocol for transferring web pages and other content

3. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

o Used for transferring files between computers on a network

4. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

o Standard for email transmission

History of the Internet

1. 1960s: ARPANET developed by US Department of Defense

2. 1970s: TCP/IP protocol suite developed

3. 1980s: DNS (Domain Name System) introduced

4. 1989: Tim Berners-Lee proposes the World Wide Web

5. 1990s: Commercial use of the internet begins, rapid growth

World Wide Web (WWW)

 Invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989

 System of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the internet

 Key components: HTML, HTTP, web browsers

HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol

 Applica on-layer protocol for transmi ng hypermedia documents

 Client-server model: clients (usually web browsers) request resources from servers

 Stateless protocol: each request is independent


 Methods: GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.

Markup Languages

1. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

o Standard markup language for crea ng web pages

o Uses tags to structure content

2. XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language)

o Stricter, XML-based version of HTML

o Aims to replace HTML

3. XML (Extensible Markup Language)

o Designed to store and transport data

o Used for structuring data, not for displaying it

4. DHTML (Dynamic HTML)

o Combina on of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

o Allows crea on of interac ve and animated websites

Internet Addressing Scheme

1. IP Address

o Unique iden fier for devices on a network

o IPv4 (e.g., 192.168.1.1) and IPv6 (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334)

2. Domain Names

o Human-readable addresses (e.g., www.example.com)

o Translated to IP addresses by DNS

Introduc on to WML (Wireless Markup Language)

 Markup language based on XML

 Used to specify content and user interface for WAP devices

 Largely obsolete due to advances in mobile web technologies


UNIT-II: Web Development Technologies

Database Connec vity

1. JDBC (Java Database Connec vity)

o Java API for connec ng Java applica ons to databases

o Provides methods to query and update data

2. ODBC (Open Database Connec vity)

o Standard API for accessing database management systems

o Allows applica ons to access data from various database sources

Web Development Concepts

1. Web Page: Single document on the web

2. Website: Collec on of related web pages

3. Web Applica on: Interac ve website with server-side processing

Client-Side Scrip ng: JavaScript

 Programming language that runs in web browsers

 Used for crea ng interac ve web pages

 Key features:

o Variables and data types (string, number, boolean, object, etc.)

o Func ons and objects

o Arrays and built-in objects (Date, Math, etc.)

o DOM manipula on

o Event handling

Server-Side Programming: Java Servlets

 Java classes that extend server capabili es

 Handle requests, process data, and generate dynamic content

 Key concepts:

1. Lifecycle: init(), service(), destroy()

2. Handling parameter data

3. Managing sessions and cookies

4. Concurrency: mul ple requests handled simultaneously

Servlets Capabili es

 Generate dynamic content


 Handle form submissions

 Manage sessions and user state

 Interact with databases

 Implement business logic

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