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Globalization has transformed the Asia Pacific and South Asia, presenting both opportunities for economic development and challenges to traditional cultures. Historical colonization and Western influence have shaped political and economic structures, leading to significant changes in governance and societal values. The rise of global financial institutions and the spread of Western culture have sparked debates about cultural homogenization and the impact of globalization on local identities.

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Contemp External View

Globalization has transformed the Asia Pacific and South Asia, presenting both opportunities for economic development and challenges to traditional cultures. Historical colonization and Western influence have shaped political and economic structures, leading to significant changes in governance and societal values. The rise of global financial institutions and the spread of Western culture have sparked debates about cultural homogenization and the impact of globalization on local identities.

Uploaded by

chloemargarettemaranan
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Globalization can be seen as an external phenomenon that transforms the Acia Pacific and

South Asia that is pushed into the regions of world powers. Others might seen this as a way in
economic welfare and development while others seen it as a downfall in tradition and culture.
The historical narrative surrounding the Western 'arrival' in the Asia Pacific and South Asia
has been that advanced Western countries acquired political and economic supremacy as a result of
their advantages in the natural, ecological, social, political, and cultural spheres. However, major
changes were brought about by colonization in the region starting in the 1500s, which had an impact
on many indigenous polities' internal political institutions. British dominance in South Asia, Burma,
and the Malay Peninsula; Spanish colonial domination in the Visayan area; Dutch East Indies;
Portuguese conquest of Melaka; and French control over Indo-China are a few examples. On the
other side of it, JS Furnivall makes a distinction between colonial administrations acting directly as
direct colonizers and local administrators acting indirectly. Despite variations in the removal or
resistance of indigenous rulers, colonialism brought new governmental structures, religious doctrines,
economic practices, and cultural values to the area.
In places which did not experience colonial rule, Western influence had a significant impact.
Japan, which had been closed off during the Tokugawa shogunate, was forced open by Commodore
Matthew Perry's 'black ships' in the late nineteenth century, leading to the Meiji Restoration and the
transformation of Japan into a regional and eventually world power. King Mongkut and King
Chulalongkorn have made major changes to Thailand, a country that has never been technically
colonized. In Asia and South Asia, underpinned by Western industrialization and capitalist capitalism,
nationalism and movements for independence have taken root. After World War II, Japan's rise and
the outbreak of war in the Pacific Theater marked a final end to its imperial domination. The US has
encouraged Japan to grow and become integrated into the global economy, involving trade openings
with American products and aid programs.
Japan's economic success in the 1970s and '80s was attributed to socialist policies, market
policies, cultural characteristics, and foreign relations. East Asian countries like Korea and Taiwan
adapted to globalization, while Southeast Asian countries like Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Singapore, and Vietnam benefited from foreign capital injections. Meanwhile, Indonesia's Suharto
government's legitimacy is supported by IMF and World Bank policies, but corruption and patrimonies
persist. Thailand's FDI and GDP growth are attributed to liberalization and export-driven growth. The
Philippines' close relationship with Ferdinand Marcos led to debt and a 1997 Asian financial crisis. The
crisis's root causes are debated.
Economic growth in China and India is influenced by global integration, with low-standard
employment in developed countries and informal work in developing nations.Globalization has led to
a shift in authoritarian regimes and democratic ones in the region, with Indonesia's isolation due to
Suharto's downfall and the Asian financial crisis.
The growing influence of the global financial institutions, as well as the absence of
international support for Suharto, a strong anticommunist ally in Asia, has led to criticism of
globalization. Opponents say that globalization is leading to the homogenization and degradation of
diversity in culture. In Asia, there has been a significant increase in McDonald's outlets and domestic
quick service restaurants have become increasingly competitive with the West brands. Asia also saw
the expansion of supermarkets, which have led to a Westernized diet. Older people are eating more
beef and beer, whereas young people are eating rice, beans or fruits. McDonaldization, also called
"MTV" or "Hollywoodization," is a term describing the global spread of West and American culture
trends that marginalize traditional local cultures.
In conclusion, the relationship between globalization and the region of Asia Pacific and South
Asia has been influenced by external factors, both positively and negatively in ways that wouldn't
have been possible otherwise.

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