PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATIONS

(Principles Of Inheritance and Variations)

1. Mendel selected pea as material for his experiments because

(a) it is an annual plant with comparatively short life cycle
(b) the flowers are self-pollinated
(c) the number of seeds produced is quite large
(d) all of the above
2. Given below are the pairs of contrasting traits in Pisum sativum as studied by Mendel. Identify the
incorrect pair of traits:
Character Dominant Recessive

(a) Stem height Tall Dwarf

(b) Seed shape Round Wrinkled
(c) Pod colour Yellow Green
(d) Flower position Axial Terminal
3. Choose the correct statements given below regarding Mendelian inheritance.
(i) Mendel’s experiments had small sample size which gave greater credibility to the data.
(ii) A true breeding line shows a stable trait inheritance and expression for several generations.
(iii) In a dissimilar pair of factors, one member of the pair dominates over the other.
(iv) A recessive parental trait is expressed only in its heterozygous condition.
(v) Two alleles of a gene are located on homologous sites on homologous chromosomes.
(a) (ii) only (b) (ii), (iii) and (v)
(c) (i), (iii) and (v) (d) (i) and (v)
4. A pure breeding tall garden pea plant was crossed with a pure dwarf plant. The plant produced 400 seeds.
The seeds were sown to produce plants. The phenotype of the plants in this generation will be
(a) All tall (b) All dwarf
(c) 300 tall and 100 dwarf plants (d) All plants of intermediate height
5. Assertion : Test cross is used to determine an unknown genotype within one breeding generation.
Reason : Test cross is a cross between F1 hybrid and dominant parent.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.
6. Which of the following statements are correct?
(i) Incomplete or mosaic inheritance is an example of pre-Mendelian concept of blending inheritance.
(ii) Test cross is a special type of back cross.
(iii) Chromosomal aberrations are commonly observed in cancer cells.
(iv) Thalassemia is a Mendelian disorder.
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv) only

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 PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATIONS
7. Assertion : In Mirabilis, selfing of F1 pink flower plants produces same phenotypic & genotypic ratio.
Reason : Flower colour gene shows incomplete dominance.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(b) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
(c) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
(d) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
8. In case of Codominance, the offsprings of F1 generation have the trait
(a) Of either of two parents (b) Of both the parents
(c) Of none of the parents (d) In between the traits of two parents
9. Multiple alleles are present.
(a) at different loci in the same chromosome
(b) in different chromosomes
(c) at the same locus in homologous chromosomes
(d) None of the above
10. The most popularly known blood grouping is the ABO, because "O" in it refers to having:
(a) no antigens A and B on RBCs
(b) other antigens besides A and B on RBCs
(c) overdominance of this type on the genes for A and B types
(d) one antibody only-either anti-A or anti-B on the RBCs
11. A man of A-blood group marries a women of AB blood group. Which type of progeny would indicate that
man is heterozygous A?
(a) AB (b) A (c) O (d) B
12. Match the terms in Column-I with their description in Column-II and choose the correct option.
Column - I Column - II
(A) Dominance (i) Many genes govern a single character
(B) Codominance (ii) In a heterozygous organism, only one allele expresses itself
(C) Pleiotropy (iii) In a heterozygous organism, both alleles express themselves fully
(D) Polygenic inheritance (iv) A single gene inheritance many characters
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(a) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(b) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(c) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
(d) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)
13. Match column-I with column-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below.
Column-I Column-II
A. ABO blood groups I. Dihybrid cross
B. Law of segregation II. Monohybrid cross
C. Law of Independent assortment III. Base pairs substitution
D. Gene mutation IV. Multiple allelism
(a) A – II; B – I; C – IV; D – III (b) A – IV; B – I; C – II; D – III
(c) A – IV; B – II; C – I; D – III (d) A – II; B – III; C – IV; D – I

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 PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATIONS
14. In a dihybrid cross, if you get 9:3:3:1 ratio it denotes that
(a) The alleles of two genes are interacting with each other

(b) It is a polygenic inheritance

(c) It is a case of multiple allelism

(d) The alleles of two genes are segregating independently

15. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster was found to be very suitable for experimental verification of
chromosomal theory of inheritance by Morgan and his colleagues because:

(a) It reproduces parthenogenetically

(b) A single mating produces two young flies

(c) Smaller female is easily recognizable from larger male

(d) It completes life cycle in about two weeks

16. The experimental verification of the chromosomal theory of inheritance was given by

(a) Sturtevant (b) Thomas Hunt Morgan

(c) Stadler (d) Charles Darwin

17. Statement - I : Sutton and Boveri noted that the behaviour of chromosomes was parallel to the behaviour
of genes.

Statement - II : Sutton gave chromosomal theory of inheritance and he united the knowledge of
chromosomal segregation with Mendelian principle of segregation.

(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

(b) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

(c) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

(d) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

18. Select the correct statement from the ones given below with respect to dihybrid cross.

(a) Tightly linked genes on the same chromosome show higher recombinations.

(b) Genes far apart on the same chromosome show very few recombinations.

(c) Genes loosely linked on the same chromosome show similar recombinations as the tightly linked
ones.

(d) Tightly linked genes on the same chromosome show very few recombinations.

19. Morgan carried out several dihybrid crosses in fruit fly and found that

(a) loosely linked genes show low recombination

(b) the strength of linkage between genes of white eye and miniature wing is lower than the genes of
yellow body and white eye

(c) Tightly linked genes show equal amount of parental and recombinant types in F2 generation

(d) All genes segregate independently of each other and the F2 ratio deviated very significantly from the
9:3:3:1

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 PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATIONS
20. The experiment shown in the given figure has been carried out by Morgan to show the phenomenon of
linkage and recombination. If in cross I, genes are tightly linked and in cross II, genes are loosely linked
then what will be the percentage of recombinants produced in cross I and cross II respectively?

(a) 98.7% and 62.8% (b) 1.3% and 37.2% (c) 37.2 and 1.3% (d) 62.8% and 98.7%
21. Choose the correct option:
A. Genetic maps are extensively used as starting point in the sequencing of whole genome as was done
in case of the Human genome sequencing project.
B. UV-rays can cause mutation in organisms.
C. Deletion and insertions of base pairs of DNA cause frame-shift mutations.
D. Mendelian disorders may be dominant or recessive.
(a) All are correct (b) A and B are correct (c) A, B and D are correct (d) B, C and D are correct
22. Which one of the following is correct?
(a) Henking discovered the small Y- chromosome
(b) Drosophila, like human, shows XX - XY sex determination
(c) Birds have ZZ - ZW sex determination, where females are ZZ and males are ZW
(d) Grasshoppers show XX - XY sex determination

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 PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATIONS
23. Assertion : In honey bee drone have 16 chromosomes while queen has 32 numbers of chromosomes.
Reason : Male bees develop from unfertilized egg and female bees from fertilized eggs.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(b) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
(c) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
(d) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
24. Which one of the following pairs of features is a good example of polygenic inheritance?
(a) human height and skin colour
(b) ABO blood group in humans and flower colour of Mirabilis jalapa
(c) hair pigment of mouse and tongue rolling in humans
(d) human eye colour and sickle cell anaemia
25. Assertion : Human skin colour is controlled by three genes.
Reason : Skin colour in humans shows pleiotropic inheritance.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(b) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
(c) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
(d) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
26. Statement - I : Chromosomal aberrations are commonly observed in cancer cells.
Statement - II : The aberration in chromosome results due to loss of a segment of DNA and gain of a
segment of DNA.
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
(b) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
(c) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
(d) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
27. Pick out the correct statement
A. Haemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disease
B. Down's syndrome is due to aneuploidy
C. Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive gene disorder
D. Sickle cell anaemia is an X-linked recessive gene disorder
(a) A, B and C are correct (b) A and D are correct
(c) B and D are correct (d) A, C and D are correct
28. Gene of which one of the following is present exclusively on the X-chromosome in human being
(a) Thalassemia (b) Phenylketonuria
(c) Colour blindness (d) Sickle cell anaemia
29. In Sickle-cell-anaemia there is following substitution of amino acid.

(a) Glutamic Acid by Valine in -chain. (b) Glutamic acid by Valine in -chain

(c) Valine by Glutamic Acid in -chain. (d) Valine by Glutamic Acid in -chain

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 PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATIONS
30. How many of the following statements regarding Thalassemia are correct?
A. - Thalassemia is controlled by genes present on 16th chromosome

B. - Thalassemia is controlled by genes present on 11th chromosome

C. It is a qualitative disorder of globin
D. It is an autosomal recessive disorder
(a) One (b) Two (c) Three (d) All four
31. A normal-visioned man whose father was colour blind, marries a woman whose father was also colour
blind. They have their first child as a daughter. What are the chances that this child would be colour blind?
(a) 25% (b) 50% (c) 100% (d) Zero percent
32. Of a normal couple, half the sons are hemophilic while half the daughters are carriers. The gene is located
on
(a) X-chromosome of father (b) Y-chromosome of father
(c) one X-chromosome of mother (d) both the X-chromosomes of mother
33. A daughter cannot be colour blind unless her:
(a) Mother is colour blind (b) Father is colour blind
(c) Both parents are colour blind (d) Grandfather is colour blind
34. Assertion : Colour blindness is more common in males than in females.
Reason : In colour blindness a person cannot differentiate between red and green colour.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(b) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
(c) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
(d) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
35. Which of the following statements are the correct?
(i) Failure of segregation of chromatids during cell division results in aneuploidy.
(ii) Chromosomal disorders are mainly determined by alteration or mutation in a single gene.
(iii) Thalassemia and cystic fibrosis are Mendelian disorders.
(iv) Sickle cell anemia is an X-linked trait.
(v) Hemophilia is an autosome linked recessive disease.
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (i), (iii) and (iv) (c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iii)
36. Which one of the followings is correctly matched with their chromosomal condition?
(a) Sickle cell anaemia - Heterozygous condition of Hbs gene
(b) Down's syndrome - Trisomy of chromosome 22
(c) Turner's syndrome - XO condition
(d) Klinefelter's syndrome - failure of cytokinesis after telophase
37. Which of the following statements are correct?
A. Down's syndrome take place due to point mutation
B. Klinefelter's syndrome has more than one X-chromosome
C. Down's syndrome has trisomy of sex-chromosomes
D. Klinefelter's syndrome shows gynecomastia
(a) A and B (b) B and C (c) B, C and D (d) B and D
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 PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATIONS
38. Match the symbols used in human pedigree analysis (given in column-I) with their name (given in column-
II) and choose the correct option.
Column - I Column - II
A. I. Consanguineous mating

B. II. Normal female

C. III. Mating

D. IV. Parents with male child affected with disease

V. Sex unspecified
(a) A-III; B-I; C-II; D-IV (b) A-II; B-I; C-IV; D-III
(c) A-III; B-V; C-I; D-IV (d) A-III; B-I; C-V; D-IV
39. Study the pedigree chart of a certain family given below and select the correct conclusion which can be
drawn for the character

(a) The female parent is heterozygous

(b) The parents could not have had a normal daughter for this character
(c) The trait under study could not be colour blindness
(d) The male parent is homozygous dominant
40. Study the pedigree analysis of human given below and identify the type of inheritance along with an
example:

(a) Sex-linked recessive, Haemophilia

(b) Sex-linked dominant, Vitamin D resistant rickets
(c) Autosomal recessive, Colour Blindness
(d) Autosomal dominant, Myotonic Dystrophy

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 PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATIONS

ANSWER KEY

1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (d)

8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (a) 11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (d)
15. (d) 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (d) 19. (b) 20. (b) 21. (a)
22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (a) 25. (b) 26. (d) 27. (a) 28. (c)
29. (b) 30. (c) 31. (d) 32. (c) 33. (b) 34. (a) 35. (a)
36. (c) 37. (d) 38. (d) 39. (a) 40. (d)

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