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Cm Lab - s3 Civil Exp 1 & 2

The document outlines the principles of brick masonry, including various types of bonds and mortars used in construction. It details field tests for assessing brick quality, such as color, shape, and sound tests, and provides a procedure for setting out a building plan. The aim is to ensure proper construction practices and quality assurance in civil engineering projects.

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7 views9 pages

Cm Lab - s3 Civil Exp 1 & 2

The document outlines the principles of brick masonry, including various types of bonds and mortars used in construction. It details field tests for assessing brick quality, such as color, shape, and sound tests, and provides a procedure for setting out a building plan. The aim is to ensure proper construction practices and quality assurance in civil engineering projects.

Uploaded by

babumisra963
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3017 - CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS LAB

Civil Engineering Department Construction Materials Lab


INTRODUCTION

The art of construction on brick with common lime or mud mortar is called brick masonry.
Bricks are obtained by mould in clay in rectangular block in uniform size and then drying and
burning. The arrangement of brick without any vertical joint is known as bond.

Following are some bonds used in brick masonry.

1) English bond
2) Flemish bond
3) Stretcher bond
4) Header bond
5) Garden wall bond 6) Hacking bond

MORTAR:

Mortar is used to keep the brick in position the following are the four types of mortar used
in brick masonry.

1) Lime mortar
2) Mud mortar
3) Cement mortar
4) Surki mortar

Mortar is prepared by mixing cement or lime with sand and adding water. Bricks are two types.

1) Wire cut bricks


2) Country burned bricks
The type of mortar depends up on the load coming on the stretcher. The gap between two
bricks on a layer is known as lap joint. First, third, fifth etc layers are odd and second, fourth, sixth
etc layers are even course.

BOND IN BRICK MASONRY

Bond is a process of arranging bricks and mortar. The bond can be classified as follows.

a) Stretcher bond b) Header bond

c) English bond d) Flemish bond

Civil Engineering Department Construction Materials Lab


Civil Engineering Department Construction Materials Lab
STRETCHER BOND:

In this type of bond all the bricks laid with their length in a longitudinal direction of wall.
All the stretcher are visible in direction.

HEADER BOND:

In this the bricks are laid in such a way that only heads are visible in elevation. Hence the
heads are visible in elevation. Hence the head bond is given. This bond is suitable for the one brick
wall and for curved construction. It is used for better transverse bond.

ENGLISH BOND:

Alternate bond of stretcher and header are layered. A queen closer is placed after the first
header in the header course to make the vertical joint of successive joints stronger.

FLEMISH BOND:

In this type of bond the header are distributed evenly and hence it creates a better
appearance than the English bond. In every course the headers and stretchers are placed
alternatively.

Civil Engineering Department Construction Materials Lab


Sample (LxBxD) Weight Colour Sound Scratch Crack
(Struck test)
1

Average

Average Diamension :
Average Volume of Brick :

Average Density of Brick : Weight/Volume =

Civil Engineering Department Construction Materials Lab


Exp. No: 01 Date: …………………

FIELD TEST ON BRICKS

These tests are very useful to assess the quality of bricks being used at site easily. Color
Test, Shape Test, Struck Test, Scratch Test, Transit and stacking Test, Dropping Test

1. Color Test: Good quality bricks are always uniform in color throughout its entire
surface. Well burnt bricks are always copper color. In a lot, you can take the sample of the bricks
and see its color on all sides, if it is copper color and uniform it is quality one.

2. Shape Test: For Shape test, take at least 10 samples of bricks from a lot and check if
their length, breadth & width are uniform and it must not vary from brick-to-brick for the quality
bricks.

3. Struck Test: For struck test, take 2 bricks and strike each other along the longer edge. If it
produces metallic or ring bell sound, the bricks are quality bricks.

4. Scratch Test: When bricks are scratched by iron nail it does must produce any impressions
on the surface, these bricks are quality bricks.

5. Transit and stacking Test: When bricks are transported or stacked in ordinary
handling, the percentage of broken bricks should below 3%. For example when we transit and
stack 1000 bricks, the broken numbers of bricks should be below 30. If it’s exceeds 30 the bricks
quality must be considered poor these bricks are quality bricks.

6. Dropping Test When bricks are dropped from the height of 1 to 1.2m (4 feet), it should
not crack or break. This ensures the durability and quality of bricks.

RESULT: Carried out the tests on brick and find out that these bricks are in ……… quality

Civil Engineering Department Construction Materials Lab


SETOUT OF A BUILDING PLAN (4x3m)

Civil Engineering Department Construction Materials Lab


Exp. No: 02 Date: …………………

SETTING OUT OF A BUILDING

AIM:
The student should set out a building (single room only) as per the given building plan
using tape only.

APPARATUS:

1.Thread 2. Pin 3.Tap 4.Ranging rods

PROCEDURE:

1. From the plan (fig 1), the centre line of the walls are calculated. Then the centre lines
of the rooms are set out by setting perpendiculars in the ratio 3:4:5. Suppose the corner
points are a, b, c and d which are marked by pegs with nails on top.

2. The setting of the corner point is checked according to diagonals ac and bd

3. During excavation, the centre points a, b, c, d may be removed. Therefore the centre
lines are extended and the centre points are marked about 2m away from the outer edge
of excavation.

4. Thus the points A1, A2, B1, B2 and likewise, are marked outside the trench. Centre line
is shown clearly by stretching thread or rope. The centre points fixed 2m away from the
excavation are marked with sit out pegs.

5. From the plan details, the width of excavation to be done is also marked by thread with
pegs at appropriate positions.

6. The excavation width is then marked by lime or by with furrow with spade.

7. If the plan is much to complicate and follows a zigzag pattern, then the centre pegs are
kept at suitable positions according to site conditions.

RESULT:

Civil Engineering Department Construction Materials Lab


Civil Engineering Department Construction Materials Lab

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